能识别煤层中垂直断距小于3m的断层吗?
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摘要
目前的地震勘探技术是建立在均匀、各向同性、完全线性弹性介质假设理论基础上的,对于精细地质构造的识别难以突破理论地震分辨率的限制。若地震建模时考虑到地下介质的初始应力场不为0这一客观存在,就必须按照介质的非均匀或各向异性进行参数表征。在此基础上,进行了均匀各向同性、非均匀和各向异性介质假设下射线追踪的数值模拟;对比分析发现,即使对于垂直断距小于3m的正断层(且假设无水平断距),在现有地震采集频带下,断层也会在非均匀与各向异性介质假设下的地震反射信号振幅和相位上表现出较大的异常;其异常变化的空间范围远大于断层垂直断距,使得识别这种小断层成为可能或可靠性提高;而且数值模拟显示小断层的各向异性波场特征格外明显。实际多分量地震数据解释也显示,通过PP、PS波的对比,有利于识别小断层。
The study of Kineto-Elastodynamic faced serious heterogeneous and anisotropic problems,when the assumption that the initial stress field of subsurface formations approximates to zero can not be matched.In inhomogeneous or anisotropic media,a minor fault,with vertical throw less than 3 m and no horizontal separation,can be modeled and simulated in different elastic parameters.Even with a limited frequency bandwidth of reflections,just like the field seismic sampling,the minor fault shows great anomalies in the amplitudes and phases after numerical simulation with ray-tracing method.The amplified phenomena of reflecting anomaly,greater than vertical fault throw,made it possible to identify a minor fault.Especially,the characteristics of elastic wave propagation show stronger anomalies under the assumption of anisotropic media.Simulation and two field examples demonstrate that minor faults beyond seismic resolution limit can be identified through comparing PP- and converted PS- wave with a relatively higher precision.
The study of Kineto-Elastodynamic faced serious heterogeneous and anisotropic problems,when the assumption that the initial stress field of subsurface formations approximates to zero can not be matched.In inhomogeneous or anisotropic media,a minor fault,with vertical throw less than 3 m and no horizontal separation,can be modeled and simulated in different elastic parameters.Even with a limited frequency bandwidth of reflections,just like the field seismic sampling,the minor fault shows great anomalies in the amplitudes and phases after numerical simulation with ray-tracing method.The amplified phenomena of reflecting anomaly,greater than vertical fault throw,made it possible to identify a minor fault.Especially,the characteristics of elastic wave propagation show stronger anomalies under the assumption of anisotropic media.Simulation and two field examples demonstrate that minor faults beyond seismic resolution limit can be identified through comparing PP- and converted PS- wave with a relatively higher precision.
引文
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[17]芦俊.KEL-TI介质的地震波场响应与成像方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2008:9-28.Lu Jun.The research of seismic responses and imaging methods in KEL-TI media[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,CAS,2008:9-28.
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[19]王赟.淮南顾桥煤矿三维三分量地震勘探应用研究[R].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2008:73-77.Wang Yun,Application study of3D3C exploration on Guqiao coal field of Huainan area[R].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geo-physics,CAS,2008:73-77.
[20]石瑛.煤系地层三维三分量地震数据解释方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2008:48-49.Shi Ying.Research on3D3C seismic data interpretation method of coal-bed strata[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,CAS,2008:48-49.
[2]石瑛,王赟,芦俊.煤田地震多属性分析技术的应用[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(12):1397-1402.Shi Ying,Wang Yun,Lu Jun.Application of seismic multi-attribute analysis technique in coal filed[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(12):1397-1402.
[3]马在田.地震偏移成像广义空间分辨率的定量计算[J].油气地球物理,2004,2(3):1-14.Ma Zaitian.Quantitative estimation of generalized spatial seismic mi-gration imaging resolution[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2004,2(3):1-14.
[4]Knapp R W.Vertical resolution of thick beds,thin beds,and bed cy-clothems[J].Geophysics,1990,55(9):1183-1190.
[5]戈革.地震波动力学基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1980:120-123.
[6]孟召平,苏永华.沉积岩体力学理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:162-165.Meng Zhaoping,Su Yonghua.The theory and methods of sedimentary rockmass mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:162-165.
[7]彭苏萍,孟召平.长壁工作面顶底板稳定性数值模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(1):41-45.Peng Suping,Meng Zhaoping.Numerical simulation on roof and floor stability in longwall faces[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1999,28(1):41-45.
[8]孟召平,彭苏萍,黎洪.正断层附近煤的物理力学性质变化及其对矿压分布的影响[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(6):561-566.Meng Zhaoping,Peng Suping,Li Hong.Influence of normal faults on the physical and mechanical properties of coal and the distribution of underground pressure[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(6):561-566.
[9]李志明,张金珠.地应力与油气勘探开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:5-21.Li Zhiming,Zhang Jinzhu.Earth stress and petroleum exploration&production[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997:5-21.
[10]尹军杰.地震散射成像方法研究[R].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2009:13-45.Yin Junjie.The scattered wave imaging method[R].Beijing:Insti-tute of Geology and Geophysics,CAS,2009:13-45.
[11]徐涛.面向地壳精细结构重建的系统建模和波场特征分析[R].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2009:5-26.Xu Tao.Wave field character analysis and modeling in the recon-struction of crustal fine structure[R].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,CAS,2009:5-26.
[12]王赟.开放系统中地球物理场的理论研究——多波多分量地震勘探中的几个问题[R].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2000:1-15.Wang Yun.Some problems in multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration:theorial study of the geophysical filed in open system[R].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2000:1-15.
[13]芦俊.转换波射线追踪方法与应用[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2005:8-20.Lu Jun.Ray tracing method of converted wave and its application[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Bei-jing),2005:8-20.
[14]王赟,高远,接铭训.煤系地层裂缝裂隙发育带的预测[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(6):566-568.Wang Yun,Gao Yuan,Jie Mingxun.The prediction of fractured zone in coal-series strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(6):566-568.
[15]Hudson J A.Over all properties of a cracked solid[J].Math.Proc.Camb.Phil.Soc.,1982,88:371-384.
[16]张中杰,滕吉文,贺振华.EDA介质中地震波速度、衰减与品质因子方位异性研究[J].中国科学(E辑),1999,29(6):569-574.
[17]芦俊.KEL-TI介质的地震波场响应与成像方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2008:9-28.Lu Jun.The research of seismic responses and imaging methods in KEL-TI media[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,CAS,2008:9-28.
[18]王赟.钱家营煤矿四、十采区三维三分量地震勘探应用研究[R].北京:中国科学院地球物理研究所,2000,32-34.Wang Yun.Application study of3D3C exploration on No.4and No.10mining area in Qianjiaying coal field[R].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,CAS,2000,32-34.
[19]王赟.淮南顾桥煤矿三维三分量地震勘探应用研究[R].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2008:73-77.Wang Yun,Application study of3D3C exploration on Guqiao coal field of Huainan area[R].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geo-physics,CAS,2008:73-77.
[20]石瑛.煤系地层三维三分量地震数据解释方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2008:48-49.Shi Ying.Research on3D3C seismic data interpretation method of coal-bed strata[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,CAS,2008:48-49.
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