塔西南拗陷甫沙构造带结构模型及形成机制
摘要
塔西南拗陷甫沙构造带是西昆仑山前第一排冲断褶皱带。由于浅层覆盖第四系巨厚黄土及深层强烈冲断褶皱变形导致地震资料品质较低,构造解释具有多解性。通过综合分析区域构造背景、地面地质、钻井和地震资料,认为浅层是以上白垩统—古近系膏盐岩为滑脱层的盖层滑脱褶皱变形;深层是基底卷入的中—高角度区域性正反转断层,及在正反转断层下盘由叠瓦状分支逆冲断层组成的楔状叠瓦构造,深、浅构造层整体"分层收缩、垂向叠置"模型能合理解释现有的可靠构造信息。正反转断层在横向上分隔甫沙构造带与西昆仑褶皱造山带,膏盐岩塑性滑脱层在纵向上分隔浅层新生代与深层中生代构造变形。西昆仑山在新近纪—第四纪隆升,引发了自西昆仑山深层向塔西南拗陷斜向向上挤压,促使侏罗—白垩纪区域性先存正断层反转,并控制甫沙构造带的形成演化。
Fusha structure zone in South-western Depression of Tarim Basin is the first row of thrust-fold zones next to west Kunlun Mountain.The thick Quaternary loess in shallower level and complex thrust-fold deformation in deeper level make it difficult to interpret the structure and the final structural model is of ambiguity.On the basis of areal tectonic background,geological data,drilling and seismic data,the structural interpretation model of Fusha structure zone is discussed,and conclusion is thrust-fold in the shallower level detached on top of the salt-gypsum rock of the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene,but the deeper layer under the salt-gypsum rock develops a set of thrusts and assembles to a wedge imbricate fan.The tailing fault in the imbricate fan is a basement-involved thrust with middle-high angle,and could be the master thrust as a result of pre-existing regional normal fault inverted.The model of "delaminating contraction and vertically stacking" could be more reasonable to explain the acceptable and trusty structural information in the seismic profile.Inverted normal faults separate Fusha structural zone and west Kunlun folded orogenic zone in horizontal direction.Cenozoic structure in shallower level and Mesozoic structure in deeper level is separated by the salt-gypsum rock.West Kunlun Mountain uplift from Neocene to Quaternary,promoting the deeper level of west Kunlun Mountain extruding to south-western Depression of Tarim Basin,impelling the pre-existing normal faults to invert and controlling the formation and evolution of Fusha structure zone.
Fusha structure zone in South-western Depression of Tarim Basin is the first row of thrust-fold zones next to west Kunlun Mountain.The thick Quaternary loess in shallower level and complex thrust-fold deformation in deeper level make it difficult to interpret the structure and the final structural model is of ambiguity.On the basis of areal tectonic background,geological data,drilling and seismic data,the structural interpretation model of Fusha structure zone is discussed,and conclusion is thrust-fold in the shallower level detached on top of the salt-gypsum rock of the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene,but the deeper layer under the salt-gypsum rock develops a set of thrusts and assembles to a wedge imbricate fan.The tailing fault in the imbricate fan is a basement-involved thrust with middle-high angle,and could be the master thrust as a result of pre-existing regional normal fault inverted.The model of "delaminating contraction and vertically stacking" could be more reasonable to explain the acceptable and trusty structural information in the seismic profile.Inverted normal faults separate Fusha structural zone and west Kunlun folded orogenic zone in horizontal direction.Cenozoic structure in shallower level and Mesozoic structure in deeper level is separated by the salt-gypsum rock.West Kunlun Mountain uplift from Neocene to Quaternary,promoting the deeper level of west Kunlun Mountain extruding to south-western Depression of Tarim Basin,impelling the pre-existing normal faults to invert and controlling the formation and evolution of Fusha structure zone.
引文
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[3]向奎.塔里木盆地西南边缘压扭构造体系及其石油地质意义[J].古地理学报,2006,8(2):233-240.
[4]刘依谋,梁向豪,孙建华,等.塔里木盆地西南坳陷巨厚黄土区地震采集技术[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):255-257.
[5]罗仁泽,梁黎明,吴希光,等.宽线大组合理论及其在黄土塬地震采集中的应用[J].天然气工业,2009,29(3):54-56.
[6]伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,等.帕米尔-西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):260-271.
[7]曲国胜,李亦纲,张宁,等.塔里木西南缘(齐姆根弧)前陆构造及形成机理[J].地质评论,2004,50(6):567-576.
[8]陈新安,张新林,屈秋平.塔西南山前构造特征及含油气前景[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(6):468-473.
[9]胡建中,谭应佳,张平,等.塔里木盆地西南缘山前带逆冲推覆构造特征[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):222-230.
[10]曲国胜,李亦纲,李岩峰,等.塔里木盆地西南前陆构造分段及其成因[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2005,35(3):193-202.
[11]肖安成,杨树峰,陈汉林,等.西昆仑山前冲断系的结构特征[J].地学前缘,2000,7(增刊):128-136.
[12]Costa E,Vendeville B C.The control of pre-existing ex-tensional structures on the evolution of the southern sectorof the aconcagua fold and thrust belt,southern Andes[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2002,24(11):1729-1739.
[13]Zanchi A,Berra F,Mattei M,et al.Inversion tectonics incentral Alborz,Iran[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28(10):2023-2037.
[14]罗金海,周鼎武,柳益群.塔里木盆地西南缘浅变质岩的时代确定及其地质意义[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(4):391-394.
[15]贾承造,魏国齐.“九五”期间塔里木盆地构造研究成果概述[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(1):11-14.
[16]刘胜,汪新,伍秀芳,等.塔西南山前晚新生代构造生长地层与变形时代[J].石油学报,2004,25(5):24-28.
[17]李曰俊,陈从喜,买光荣,等.陆-陆碰撞造山带双前陆盆地模式——来自大别山、喜马拉雅和乌拉尔造山带的证据[J].地球学报,2000,21(1):7-16.
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