南堡凹陷边界断层及成盆机制
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摘要
边界断层特征对于盆地演化历史与成盆机制研究具有重要意义。该研究基于大量地质和地球物理资料分析,揭示了南堡凹陷边界西南庄断层(XNZF)和柏各庄断层(BGZF)的关系,通过边界断层不同区段上产状、活动差异性分析以及与沉积中心和同沉积断层的空间匹配关系,揭示盆地古应力场演化和边界断层的性质,提出南堡凹陷的成盆机制。地震水平切片、重力异常分布和地震剖面显示了XNZF和BGZF在交汇处连续过渡,不存在主次分级和相互切割,表现为同一条断层(简称为西—柏断层)。但西—柏断层的XNZF区段断层倾角小,走向曲折,断面弯曲;BGZF则相反,倾角大,走向和断面平直。边界断层古落差的计算表明,XNZF古近纪整体活动强烈,BGZF仅始新世末期—渐新世在高柳构造带活动强烈。对比同沉积断层、沉积中心与边界断层三者的空间匹配关系发现:古近系沙河街组三段(Es3)—沙河街组二段(Es2)沉积时期,受NE向同沉积断层控制,沉积中心呈NE向展布,说明盆地呈NW向伸展;古近系沙河街组一段(Es1)—东营组(Ed)沉积时期,沉积中心展布有NE和NW两个方向,盆地NW向断层左旋走滑作用强烈,并伴随NW向伸展;新近系馆陶组(Ng)沉积以来,沉积中心受NEE和NW断层联合控制,表现为持续的走滑伸展作用。相应地南堡凹陷应力场演化可分为3个阶段:弱转换伸展期、强转换伸展期和稳定转换伸展期。研究认为XNZF沿BGZF左旋走滑方向上的伸展形成了南堡凹陷,提出了南堡凹陷古近纪新成因模式——转换伸展断层终止盆地模式。
Characteristics of boundary faults are of significance in researches on the evolution and formation mechanism of sedimentary basins.Based on the analysis of geological and geophysical data,we examined the relationship between the boundary faults,i.e.the Xinanzhuang fault(XNZF) and Baigezhuang fault(BGZF) in Nanpu sag.The paleo-stress field evolution and features of boundary faults were studied by analyzing occurrences and activity differential of various segments of the two faults and their spatial relations to depocenters and contemporaneous faults,consequently,a new formation mechanism for Nanpu sag was proposed.Seiscrops,gravity anomaly distributions and seismic sections revealed that the XNZF and BGZF converged successively with no distinct host-slave correlation and mutual overlapping,behaving like the same fault(the Xi-Bai fault for short).However,each segment has a difference:the XNZF with a dip angle of 43° shows a curved strike and bending fractured surface,whereas the BGZF with a dip angle of 57°~69° has a straight strike and planar fractured surface.Besides,the paleo-downthrow calculation of the boundary faults showed that the XNZF was strongly active as a whole in Paleogene,while the BGZF remained inactive except for the Gaoliu structural zone that acted violently in late Eocene to Oligocene.The comparison of spatial distributions of the contemporaneous faults,depocenters and boundary faults demonstrated that the tectonic evolution of Nanpu sag can be divided into three stages:during the Es3 to Es2 deposition,controlled by NE-orientated contemporaneous faults,depocenters extended in the NE direction,indicating a NW-orientated extension of the basin;during the Es1 to Ed deposition,depocenters shifted in both the NE and the NW directions and there occurred an violent NW-orientated left-lateral strike-slip fault in the basin with an NW-orientated extension;and since Ng deposition,depocenters have experienced continuous transtension due to the joint influence of the NEE-and NW-orientated faults.Correspondingly,the paleo-stress field evolution of Nanpu sag can be divided into three episodes,namely the weakly,strongly and stably transtensional episodes.The present study suggested that Nanpu sag was formed by the XNZF extension along the left-lateral strike-slip direction of the BGZF,consequently,a new genetic pattern was proposed that Nanpu sag in Paleogene should be a classic transtensional fault-termination basin.
Characteristics of boundary faults are of significance in researches on the evolution and formation mechanism of sedimentary basins.Based on the analysis of geological and geophysical data,we examined the relationship between the boundary faults,i.e.the Xinanzhuang fault(XNZF) and Baigezhuang fault(BGZF) in Nanpu sag.The paleo-stress field evolution and features of boundary faults were studied by analyzing occurrences and activity differential of various segments of the two faults and their spatial relations to depocenters and contemporaneous faults,consequently,a new formation mechanism for Nanpu sag was proposed.Seiscrops,gravity anomaly distributions and seismic sections revealed that the XNZF and BGZF converged successively with no distinct host-slave correlation and mutual overlapping,behaving like the same fault(the Xi-Bai fault for short).However,each segment has a difference:the XNZF with a dip angle of 43° shows a curved strike and bending fractured surface,whereas the BGZF with a dip angle of 57°~69° has a straight strike and planar fractured surface.Besides,the paleo-downthrow calculation of the boundary faults showed that the XNZF was strongly active as a whole in Paleogene,while the BGZF remained inactive except for the Gaoliu structural zone that acted violently in late Eocene to Oligocene.The comparison of spatial distributions of the contemporaneous faults,depocenters and boundary faults demonstrated that the tectonic evolution of Nanpu sag can be divided into three stages:during the Es3 to Es2 deposition,controlled by NE-orientated contemporaneous faults,depocenters extended in the NE direction,indicating a NW-orientated extension of the basin;during the Es1 to Ed deposition,depocenters shifted in both the NE and the NW directions and there occurred an violent NW-orientated left-lateral strike-slip fault in the basin with an NW-orientated extension;and since Ng deposition,depocenters have experienced continuous transtension due to the joint influence of the NEE-and NW-orientated faults.Correspondingly,the paleo-stress field evolution of Nanpu sag can be divided into three episodes,namely the weakly,strongly and stably transtensional episodes.The present study suggested that Nanpu sag was formed by the XNZF extension along the left-lateral strike-slip direction of the BGZF,consequently,a new genetic pattern was proposed that Nanpu sag in Paleogene should be a classic transtensional fault-termination basin.
引文
[1]Bally W.Musings over sedimentary basin evolution[M].Lon-don:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,1982,305:325-336.
[2]Wernicke B,Burchfiel B C.Modes of extensional tectonics[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1982,4(2):105-115.
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[9]周天伟,翟瑞国.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷构造样式成因与控油作用试验研究[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(2):10-14.Zhou Tianwei,Zhai Ruiguo.Genesis and control of structuralstyle of Nanpu Depression in Bohai Bay Basin[J].Journal of Oiland Gas Technology,2008,30(2):10-14.
[10]范柏江,刘成林,柳广弟,等.南堡凹陷断层系统形成机制及构造演化研究[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,25(2):13-17.Fan Baijiang,Liu Chenglin,Liu Guangdi,et al.Forming mecha-nism of the fault system and structural evolution history of Nan-pu Sag[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural ScienceEdition,2010,25(2):13-17.
[11]张翠梅,刘晓峰,苏明.南堡凹陷老爷庙地区东营组构造-沉积分析[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2009,34(5):829-834.Zhang Cuimei,Liu Xiaofeng,Su Ming.Tectono-sedimentary anal-ysis of Laoyemiao region in Nanpu Depression[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2009,34(5):829-834.
[12]刘晓峰,董月霞,王华.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷的背形负花状构造[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2010,35(6):1029-1034.Liu Xiaofeng,Dong Yuexia,Wang Hua.Antiformal negativeflower structure in Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Earth Sci-ence:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2010,35(6):1029-1034.
[13]漆家福.渤海湾新生代盆地的两种构造系统及其成因解释[J].中国地质,2004,31(1):15-22.Qi Jiafu.Two tectonic systems in the Cenozoic Bohai Bay Basinand their genetic interpretataion[J].Geology in China,2004,31(1):15-22.
[14]冯有良,周海民,任建业,等.渤海湾盆地东部古近系层序地层及其对构造活动的响应[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(10):1356-1376.Feng Youliang,Zhou Haimin,Ren Jianye,et al.Paleogene se-quence stratigraphy in the east of the Bohai Bay Basin and its re-sponse to structural movement[J].Scientia Sinica.Terrae,2010,40(10):1356-1376.
[15]李明刚,漆家福,杨桥,等.渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷新生代结构特征及构造动力学模式[J].地球学报,2009,30(2):201-209.Li Minggang,Qi Jiafu,Yang Qiao,et al.Cenozoic structure fea-tures of Huanghua Depression and its structure dynamics model[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2009,30(2):201-209.
[16]Miall A D.Principles of sedimentary basin analysis[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2000:1-616.
[2]Wernicke B,Burchfiel B C.Modes of extensional tectonics[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1982,4(2):105-115.
[3]Morley C H.Extension,detachments,and sedimentation in conti-nental rifts(with particular reference to east Africa)[J].Tecton-ics,1989,8(6):1175-1192.
[4]Magnavita L P,da Silva H T F.Rift border system:the interplay be-tween tectonics and sedimentation in the Recncavo basin,Northeast-ern Brazil[J].AAPG Bulletin,1995,79(11):1590-1607.
[5]周海民,汪泽成,郭英海.南堡凹陷第三纪构造作用对层序地层的控制[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(3):326-330.Zhou Haimin,Wang Zecheng,Guo Yinghai.Tectonic controls onsequence stratigraphy in Tertiary period in Nanbao Depression[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(3):326-330.
[6]董月霞,汪泽成,郑红菊,等.走滑断层作用对南堡凹陷油气成藏的控制[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(4):424-430.Dong Yuexia,Wang Zecheng,Zheng Hongju,et al.Control ofstrike-slip faulting on reservoir formation of oil and gas in Nanpusag[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(4):424-430.
[7]史冠中,王华,徐备,等.南堡凹陷柏各庄断层活动特征及对沉积的控制[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2011,47(1):85-90.Shi Guanzhong,Wang Hua,Xu Bei,et al.Activity of Baigezhuangfault of Nanpu Depression and its controlling on sedimentation[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2011,47(1):85-90.
[8]石振荣,葛云龙,秦风启.南堡凹陷北部断层特征动力学分析[J].断块油气田,2000,7(4):1-4.Shi Zhenrong,Ge Yunlong,Qin Fengqi.Geodynamics analysis onfault characteristics in the northern Nanpu depression,BohaiwanBasin[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2000,7(4):1-4.
[9]周天伟,翟瑞国.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷构造样式成因与控油作用试验研究[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(2):10-14.Zhou Tianwei,Zhai Ruiguo.Genesis and control of structuralstyle of Nanpu Depression in Bohai Bay Basin[J].Journal of Oiland Gas Technology,2008,30(2):10-14.
[10]范柏江,刘成林,柳广弟,等.南堡凹陷断层系统形成机制及构造演化研究[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,25(2):13-17.Fan Baijiang,Liu Chenglin,Liu Guangdi,et al.Forming mecha-nism of the fault system and structural evolution history of Nan-pu Sag[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural ScienceEdition,2010,25(2):13-17.
[11]张翠梅,刘晓峰,苏明.南堡凹陷老爷庙地区东营组构造-沉积分析[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2009,34(5):829-834.Zhang Cuimei,Liu Xiaofeng,Su Ming.Tectono-sedimentary anal-ysis of Laoyemiao region in Nanpu Depression[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2009,34(5):829-834.
[12]刘晓峰,董月霞,王华.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷的背形负花状构造[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2010,35(6):1029-1034.Liu Xiaofeng,Dong Yuexia,Wang Hua.Antiformal negativeflower structure in Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Earth Sci-ence:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2010,35(6):1029-1034.
[13]漆家福.渤海湾新生代盆地的两种构造系统及其成因解释[J].中国地质,2004,31(1):15-22.Qi Jiafu.Two tectonic systems in the Cenozoic Bohai Bay Basinand their genetic interpretataion[J].Geology in China,2004,31(1):15-22.
[14]冯有良,周海民,任建业,等.渤海湾盆地东部古近系层序地层及其对构造活动的响应[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(10):1356-1376.Feng Youliang,Zhou Haimin,Ren Jianye,et al.Paleogene se-quence stratigraphy in the east of the Bohai Bay Basin and its re-sponse to structural movement[J].Scientia Sinica.Terrae,2010,40(10):1356-1376.
[15]李明刚,漆家福,杨桥,等.渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷新生代结构特征及构造动力学模式[J].地球学报,2009,30(2):201-209.Li Minggang,Qi Jiafu,Yang Qiao,et al.Cenozoic structure fea-tures of Huanghua Depression and its structure dynamics model[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2009,30(2):201-209.
[16]Miall A D.Principles of sedimentary basin analysis[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2000:1-616.
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