2010年“8.8”舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害形成的气候特征及地质地理环境分析
摘要
利用舟曲气象和地质资料,分析了2010年8月8日发生的"8.8"舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害形成的气候特征和地质地理环境.这次泥石流是在舟曲特殊的地质地貌和地理环境下,由于前期干旱,突遇强降水而发生的一次特大地质灾害.崩塌、滑坡、地震和人为因素,特别是"5.12"汶川地震,较大程度上破坏了舟曲地质,为泥石流提供了丰富的物质来源;前期干旱在一定程度上加剧了这次灾害;超历史极值的强降水是触发泥石流的直接因素.通过对舟曲气候研究表明,7、8月降雨频繁,而且过程雨量大,尤其8月上旬大雨发生频率最高,应密切关注可能引发的地质灾害.加强对地质地貌的保护,研究历史气候及月季气候特征对泥石流发生的影响,确定在不同地形和地质地貌背景下的泥石流降水量阈值,对泥石流灾害发生的预报有着十分重要的意义.
In this paper,by using of meteorological and geological data of Zhouqu,the climate and geology characteristics of exceptional debris flow outburst in Zhouqu on 8 August,2010 is analyzed.On the background of Zhouqu special geological features and geographical environment,the pre-drought and the sudden heavy rainfall resulted in the large geological disaster.Collapse,landslide,earthquake and human activity,especially the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May,2008,have destroyed the Zhouqu geologic environment in a great extent and provided a lot of material for debris flow.In certain extent,the pre-drought would aggravate the disaster;and extreme precipitation,which has not been seen in the history record,is the direct factor of trigger the debris flow.By analyzing the Zhouqu climate data,it is found that rainfall intensity in July and August,particularly in the early August,has the highest frequency,to which should pay special attention.It is of great significance to strengthen the protection of geological environment,to research climate impact on debris flow and to determine the precipitation threshold,which is important for forecasting debris flow.
In this paper,by using of meteorological and geological data of Zhouqu,the climate and geology characteristics of exceptional debris flow outburst in Zhouqu on 8 August,2010 is analyzed.On the background of Zhouqu special geological features and geographical environment,the pre-drought and the sudden heavy rainfall resulted in the large geological disaster.Collapse,landslide,earthquake and human activity,especially the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May,2008,have destroyed the Zhouqu geologic environment in a great extent and provided a lot of material for debris flow.In certain extent,the pre-drought would aggravate the disaster;and extreme precipitation,which has not been seen in the history record,is the direct factor of trigger the debris flow.By analyzing the Zhouqu climate data,it is found that rainfall intensity in July and August,particularly in the early August,has the highest frequency,to which should pay special attention.It is of great significance to strengthen the protection of geological environment,to research climate impact on debris flow and to determine the precipitation threshold,which is important for forecasting debris flow.
引文
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[20]Yan Changzhen,Shen Weishou,Song Xiang,et al.Impact ofeco-environmental change on super flood-debris flow occurredon August 8,2010,in Zhouqu County,Gansu[J].Journal ofSoil and Water Conservation,2010,24(6):258-262.[颜长珍,沈渭寿,宋翔,等.生态环境变化对舟曲“8.8”特大山洪泥石流发生的影响分析[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):258-262.]
[21]Chang Yifeng,Li Renhua.Bailongjiang discharge landslide de-formation characteristics and genetic analysis[J].The ChineseJournal of Geological Hazard and Control,1999,10(1):93-95.[畅益锋,李仁华.白龙江泄流坡滑坡变形特征及成因分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1999,10(1):93-95.]
[22]Zhu Jing,Ding Jun,Liang Jingtao.Influences of the Wen-chuan Earthquake on Sediment Supply of Debris Flows[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2011,8:270-277.
[23]Cui P,Zhu Y Y,Han Y S,et al.The 12 May Wenchuanearthquake-induced landslide lakes:distribution and prelimina-ry risk evaluation[J].Landslides,2009,6:209-223.
[24]Lin C W,Liu S H,Lee S Y,et al.Impacts on the Chi-Chiearthquake on subsequent rain-induced landslides in centralTaiwan[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(23):87-101.
[25]Tang C,Zhu J,Li W L.Rainfall triggered debris flows afterWenchuan earthquake[J].Bull Eng Geol Environ,2009,68:187-194.
[26]Yao Xiaoying,Pu Jinyong,Tian Guangxu,et al.Assessmentof the risk of debris flow triggered by heavy(Torrential)rainalong the west section of Baoji-Tianshui Expressway[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(6):1270-1275.[姚小英,蒲金勇,田光旭,等.宝天高速公路西段大(暴)雨引发泥石流危险程度评价[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(6):1270-1275.]
[27]Zhao Yong,Huang Danqing,Zhu Jian,et al.The feature a-nalysis of regional and persistent extreme precipitation eventsin Northen Xinjiang region[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geo-cryology,2011,33(3):524-531.[赵勇,黄丹青,朱坚,等.北疆极端降水事件的区域性和持续性特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(3):524-531.]
[28]Tao Shiyan,Wei Jie.The westward,northward advance of thesubtropical high over the west pacific in su mmer[J].Journalof Applied Meteorological Science,2006,17(5):513-525.[陶诗言,卫捷.再论夏季西太平洋副热带高压的西伸北跳[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(5):513-525.]
[29]Wu Guoxiong,Chou Jifan,Liu Yimang,et al.Review andprospect of the study on the subtropical anticyclone[J].Chi-nese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2003,27(4):503-517.[吴国雄,丑纪范,刘屹氓,等.副热带高压研究进展及展望[J].大气科学,2003,27(4):503-517.]
[30]Wang Wendong.Analysis of the July 2010atmospheric generalcirculation and weather[J].Meteorological Monthly,2010,36(10):122-127.[王文东.2010年7月大气环流和天气分析[J].气象,2010,36(10):122-127.]
[2]Xu Chonghai,Luo Yong,Xu Ying.Simulation and predictionof the drought variations in china by multi-model ensemble[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(5):867-874.[许崇海,罗勇,徐影.IPCC AR4多模式对中国地区干旱变化的模拟及预估[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(5):867-874.]
[3]Chen Yong,Zhou Lihua,Sun Xike.The adaptation counter-measures to glacier shrinkage in some typical countries of Ti-betan Autonomous region[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geo-cryology,2011,33(1):205-213.[陈勇,周立华,孙希科.青藏高原典型县域冰川退化情景下的适应对策研究[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(1):205-213.]
[4]Di B F,Chen N S,Cui P,et al.GIS-based risk analysis ofdebris flow:an application in Sichuan,Southwest China[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2008,23(2008):138-148.
[5]Tie Yongbo,Tang Chuan.Study on risk control method forurban debris flow[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2008,23(3):10-14.[铁永波,唐川.山区城镇泥石流灾害风险控制模式探讨[J].灾害学,2008,23(3):10-14.]
[6]Wu Ping,Zheng Wenxiao.Formation of debris flow conditionsand control measures[J].China Exploration Engineering,2008(3):4-5.[吴平,郑文晓.泥石流的形成条件及其防治措施[J].西部探矿工程,2008(3):4-5.]
[7]Ministry of Land and Resources,PR China.Bulletin Geolog-ical Hazards[R].Beijing:Ministry of Land and Resources,PRChina,2007.[国土资源部.全国地质灾害通报[R].北京:国土资源部,2007.]
[8]Ministry of Land and Resources.Bulletin Geological Hazards[R].Beijing:Ministry of Land and Resources,PR China,2008.[国土资源部.全国地质灾害通报[R].北京:国土资源部,2008.]
[9]Ministry of Land and Resources.Bulletin Geological Hazards[R].Beijing:Ministry of Land and Resources,PR China,2009.[国土资源部.全国地质灾害通报[R].北京:国土资源部,2009.]
[10]Zhang Guoping,Xu Fengwen,Zhao Linna.Review of thestudy of rainfall-triggered debris flows[J].MeteorologicalMonthly,2010,36(2):81-86.[张国平,许凤雯,赵琳娜.中国降水型泥石流研究现状[J].气象,2010,36(2)81-86.]
[11]Sun Ping,Zhang Yongshuang,Shi Jusong,et al.Analysis onthe dynamical process of Donghekou rockslide-debris flow trig-gered by 5.12Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of MountainScience,2011,8:140-148.
[12]Gao Su,Zhou Pinggen,Dong Ying,et al.Study on techniquesand methods for prediction and warning of debris flow[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(3):279-283.[高速,周平根,董颖,等.泥石流预测、预报技术方法的研究现状浅析[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(3):279-283.]
[13]Cui Peng,Yang Kun,Chen Jie.Relationship between occur-rence of debris flow and antecedent precipitation:taking theJiangjia Gully as an example[J].Science of Soil and WaterConservation,2003,1(1):11-15.[崔鹏,杨坤,陈杰.前期降雨对泥石流形成的贡献(以蒋家沟泥石流形成为例)[J].中国水土保持科学,2003,1(1):11-15.]
[14]Sun Wei,Gao Feng.Rainfall factors in the prediction of rain-fall-induced debris flow[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sci-ences,2010,38(12):6287-6288,6433.[孙伟,高峰.暴雨型泥石流预报中的降水因子[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(12):6287-6288,6433.]
[15]Yu Zhidan,Zhang Hui,Guo Rongfen.Analysis of meteoro-logical causes of an exceptional landslide and debris flow eventin Chuxiong[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2010,38(1):136-140.[余峙丹,张辉,郭荣芬.云南楚雄特大滑坡泥石流气象成因[J].气象科技,2010,38(1):136-140.]
[16]Lin Xiaosong,Guo Yue.A study on coupling relation betweenlandslide and rainfall[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2001,16(2):87-92.[林孝松,郭跃.滑坡与降雨的耦合关系研究[J],灾害学,2001,16(2):87-92.]
[17]Bai Xuewen,Duan Xu,Xie Fuyan,et al.Climate early warn-ing forecast research based on the relation of rainfall and land-slide-debris flow in Yuxi[J].Yunnan Geographic Environ-ment Research,2008,20(4):20-26.[白学文,段旭,解福燕,等.玉溪滑坡泥石流与降水关系及气象预警预报研究[J].云南地理环境研究,2008,20(4):20-26.]
[18]Yu Bin,Yang Yonghong,Su Yongchao.Research on the giantdebris flow hazards in Zhouqu County,Gansu Province on Au-gust 7,2010[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(4):437-444.[余斌,杨永红,苏永超.甘肃省舟曲“8.7”特大泥石流调查研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(4):437-444.]
[19]Yang Qilin,Gao Jiarong,Wang Ying.Analysis of debris flowdisaster countermeasures:Taking the giant flash flood anddebris flow disaster in Zhouqu County in Gansu Province onAugust 7,2010as an example[J].Science of Soil and WaterConservation,2010,8(6):19-23.[杨麒麟,高甲荣,王颖.泥石流灾害对策分析———以甘肃舟曲“8.7”特大山洪泥石流灾害为例[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(6):19-23.]
[20]Yan Changzhen,Shen Weishou,Song Xiang,et al.Impact ofeco-environmental change on super flood-debris flow occurredon August 8,2010,in Zhouqu County,Gansu[J].Journal ofSoil and Water Conservation,2010,24(6):258-262.[颜长珍,沈渭寿,宋翔,等.生态环境变化对舟曲“8.8”特大山洪泥石流发生的影响分析[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):258-262.]
[21]Chang Yifeng,Li Renhua.Bailongjiang discharge landslide de-formation characteristics and genetic analysis[J].The ChineseJournal of Geological Hazard and Control,1999,10(1):93-95.[畅益锋,李仁华.白龙江泄流坡滑坡变形特征及成因分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1999,10(1):93-95.]
[22]Zhu Jing,Ding Jun,Liang Jingtao.Influences of the Wen-chuan Earthquake on Sediment Supply of Debris Flows[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2011,8:270-277.
[23]Cui P,Zhu Y Y,Han Y S,et al.The 12 May Wenchuanearthquake-induced landslide lakes:distribution and prelimina-ry risk evaluation[J].Landslides,2009,6:209-223.
[24]Lin C W,Liu S H,Lee S Y,et al.Impacts on the Chi-Chiearthquake on subsequent rain-induced landslides in centralTaiwan[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(23):87-101.
[25]Tang C,Zhu J,Li W L.Rainfall triggered debris flows afterWenchuan earthquake[J].Bull Eng Geol Environ,2009,68:187-194.
[26]Yao Xiaoying,Pu Jinyong,Tian Guangxu,et al.Assessmentof the risk of debris flow triggered by heavy(Torrential)rainalong the west section of Baoji-Tianshui Expressway[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(6):1270-1275.[姚小英,蒲金勇,田光旭,等.宝天高速公路西段大(暴)雨引发泥石流危险程度评价[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(6):1270-1275.]
[27]Zhao Yong,Huang Danqing,Zhu Jian,et al.The feature a-nalysis of regional and persistent extreme precipitation eventsin Northen Xinjiang region[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geo-cryology,2011,33(3):524-531.[赵勇,黄丹青,朱坚,等.北疆极端降水事件的区域性和持续性特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(3):524-531.]
[28]Tao Shiyan,Wei Jie.The westward,northward advance of thesubtropical high over the west pacific in su mmer[J].Journalof Applied Meteorological Science,2006,17(5):513-525.[陶诗言,卫捷.再论夏季西太平洋副热带高压的西伸北跳[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(5):513-525.]
[29]Wu Guoxiong,Chou Jifan,Liu Yimang,et al.Review andprospect of the study on the subtropical anticyclone[J].Chi-nese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2003,27(4):503-517.[吴国雄,丑纪范,刘屹氓,等.副热带高压研究进展及展望[J].大气科学,2003,27(4):503-517.]
[30]Wang Wendong.Analysis of the July 2010atmospheric generalcirculation and weather[J].Meteorological Monthly,2010,36(10):122-127.[王文东.2010年7月大气环流和天气分析[J].气象,2010,36(10):122-127.]
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