黄河三角洲地区地面沉降驱动因素研究
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摘要
黄河三角洲地区地势低平、生态脆弱,地面沉降使得海水入侵和风暴潮灾害加剧。弄清该区域地面沉降驱动因素,对油田安全生产和湿地生态保护都有积极的意义。以20 m地层为界,将地面沉降驱动因素分为浅地层和深地层因素。分析了地表荷载增加、地下水和油气开采、沉积物固结压实、新构造运动等对该区地面沉降的驱动作用。此外,探讨了海平面上升和地震灾害对该区地面沉降的影响。结果表明:该区地面沉降驱动因素主要为沉积物固结和地下水开采,但控制范围存在区域性差异;1969年地震使该区产生明显地面沉降,海平面上升使该区地面沉降形势更加严峻。
The Yellow River Delta with the low terrain has a fragile eco-system.Land subsidence has led to serious seawater intrusion and storm surge disaster.Studying the effective factors of land subsidence in the area is helpful for oil field safety and ecological conservation of wetland.With the 20 meters depth stratum as the boundary,the effective factors of land subsidence in the Yellow River Delta were divided into two catego-ries,shallow and deep.The effective factors like the increased surface load,groundwater and oil exploitation,sediment consolidation,and neotectonics were discussed in this paper.Furthermore,the effects of sea-level rise and earthquake were also studied.Our results showed that sediment consolidation and groundwater ex-ploitation,which dominated different areas subsidence,were the two main factors for land subsidence.The earthquake at 1969 had led to significant land subsidence,and sea-level rise made the subsidence situation more severe.
The Yellow River Delta with the low terrain has a fragile eco-system.Land subsidence has led to serious seawater intrusion and storm surge disaster.Studying the effective factors of land subsidence in the area is helpful for oil field safety and ecological conservation of wetland.With the 20 meters depth stratum as the boundary,the effective factors of land subsidence in the Yellow River Delta were divided into two catego-ries,shallow and deep.The effective factors like the increased surface load,groundwater and oil exploitation,sediment consolidation,and neotectonics were discussed in this paper.Furthermore,the effects of sea-level rise and earthquake were also studied.Our results showed that sediment consolidation and groundwater ex-ploitation,which dominated different areas subsidence,were the two main factors for land subsidence.The earthquake at 1969 had led to significant land subsidence,and sea-level rise made the subsidence situation more severe.
引文
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[19]田洪水,肖俊华,赵淑慧,等.黄河三角洲软土的特征及地基处理方法[J].山东建筑工程学院学报,2003,18:24-27.
[2]van Asselen S,Stouthamer E,van Asch T J.Effects of peat compaction on delta evolution:A review on proc-esses,responses,measuring and modeling[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2009,92(1-2):35-51.
[3]Tosi L,Teatini P,Carbognin L,et al.Using high reso-lution data to reveal depth-dependent mechanisms that drive land subsidence:The Venice coast,Italy[J].Tec-tonophysics,2009,474:271-284.
[4]别君,黄海军,樊辉,等.现代黄河三角洲地面沉降及其原因分析[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,26(4):29-35.
[5]秦伟颖,庄新国,黄海军.现代黄河三角洲地区地面沉降的机理分析[J].海洋科学,2008,32(8):38-43.
[6]成国栋,薛春汀.黄河三角洲沉积地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[7]于治通.莱洲湾南岸淄河下游咸水入侵调查与研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2006.
[8]杜廷芹.现代黄河三角洲地区地面沉降特征研究[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2009.
[9]刘桂仪,张兴乐.黄河三角洲油气资源开发的环境地质问题与经济可持续发展[J].上海地质,2001,B12:36-38.
[10]任美锷.黄河长江珠江三角洲近30年海平面上升趋势及2030年上升量预测[J].地理学报,1993,48(5):385-393.
[11]师长兴,尤联元,李炳元,等.黄河三角洲沉积物的自然固结压实过程及其影响[J].地理科学,2003,23(2):175-181.
[12]李广雪,庄振业,韩德亮.末次冰期晚期以来地层序列与地质环境特征——渤海南部地区沉积序列研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,1998,28(1):161-166.
[13]冯浩鉴,顾旦生,张莉,等.中国东部地区地壳垂直运动规律及其机制研究[J].测绘学报,1998,27(1):16-23.
[14]李延兴,杨国华,杨世东,等.根据现代地壳垂直运动划分中国大陆活动地块边界的尝试[J].地震学报,2001,23:11-16.
[15]任美锷.海平面上升与地面沉降对黄河三角洲影响初步研究[J].地理科学,1990,10(1):48-57.
[16]应绍奋,沈永坚,郭良迁.渤海沿岸地区的现代构造运动[J].中国地震,1986,2(1):29-34.
[17]冯秀丽,沈渭栓,杨荣民,等.现代黄河水下三角洲软土沉积物工程地质特性[J].青岛海洋大学学报,Marine Sciences/Vol.35,No.8/2011 1994,s3:132-137.
[18]魏光兴,孙昭民.山东省自然灾害史[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[19]田洪水,肖俊华,赵淑慧,等.黄河三角洲软土的特征及地基处理方法[J].山东建筑工程学院学报,2003,18:24-27.
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