南海西沙海槽盆地地质构造特征
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摘要
西沙海槽盆地是一个发育在南海北部陆坡深水区的新生代沉积盆地,接受了厚1 500～8 000m的沉积,沉积层中部厚,南北薄,呈南北分带特征。地震剖面上表现出下断上拗的特点,盆地裂陷期的构造样式以"多米诺式半地堑"或"地堑"为特征,控制半地堑发育的主要断层有F1、F2、F3、F4、F5。盆地发育经历了古新世—渐新世断陷和中新世—第四纪拗陷两个主要演化阶段,断陷阶段发育陆相河湖相沉积,拗陷阶段发育浅海-半深海沉积。
The Xisha Trough Basin,located on the continental slope of the northern South China Sea,is a Cenozoic deepwater basin.The sediment fill in the basin is about 1500 ~ 8000m in thickness,and becomes thinner from the center towards north and south.The sediments show a zonal distribution pattern in north-south direction.In seismic profiles,there is double-layer structure,of which the upper is formed with subsidence and the lower with rifting.The structures formed in the rifting stage were mainly of "Domino-style of half-graben",a series of half-graben controlled by major faults on one side(F1,F2,F3,F4,F5).The basin has experienced two stages of evolution: the first stage underwent rifting through Paleocene-Oligocene and filled with lacustrine deposits,the second stage underwent subsidence through Miocene-Quaternary and filled shallow or bathyal sediments.
The Xisha Trough Basin,located on the continental slope of the northern South China Sea,is a Cenozoic deepwater basin.The sediment fill in the basin is about 1500 ~ 8000m in thickness,and becomes thinner from the center towards north and south.The sediments show a zonal distribution pattern in north-south direction.In seismic profiles,there is double-layer structure,of which the upper is formed with subsidence and the lower with rifting.The structures formed in the rifting stage were mainly of "Domino-style of half-graben",a series of half-graben controlled by major faults on one side(F1,F2,F3,F4,F5).The basin has experienced two stages of evolution: the first stage underwent rifting through Paleocene-Oligocene and filled with lacustrine deposits,the second stage underwent subsidence through Miocene-Quaternary and filled shallow or bathyal sediments.
引文
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[2]姚伯初,曾维军,陈艺中,等.南海西沙海槽———一条古缝合线[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14(3):1-10.[YAO Bo-chu,ZENG Weijun,CHEN Yizhong,et al.Xisha trough ofSouth China Sea-an ancient suture[J].Marine Geology andQuaternary Geology,1994,14(3):1-10.]
[3]刘昭蜀.南海地质[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.[LIU Zha-oshu.Geology of South China Sea[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2002.]
[4]万玲,曾维军,吴能友,等.南海北部陆缘西沙海槽—台湾恒春半岛地学断面[J].中国地质,2009(6):564-572.[WAN Ling,ZENG Weijun,WU Nengyou,et al.Geotransect from XishaTrough in the northern continental slope of the South ChinaSea to Hengchun Peninsular in Taiwan[J].Geology in China,2009(6):564-572.]
[5]丘学林,周蒂,夏戡原,等.南海西沙海槽地壳结构的海底地震仪探测与研究[J].热带海洋,2000(4):9-18.[QIU Xuelin,ZHOU Di,XIA Kanyuan,et al.OBH experiment and crustalstructure of Xisha Trough,South China Sea[J].Tropic Oce-anology,2000(4):9-18.]
[6]袁玉松,杨树春,胡圣标,等.琼东南盆地构造沉降史及其主控因素[J].地球物理学报,2008(3):377-383.[YUAN Yusong,YANG Shuchun,HU Shengbiao,et al.Tectonic subsidence ofQiongdongnan Basin and its main control factors[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2008(3):377-383.]
[7]张功成,刘震,米立军,等.珠江口盆地-琼东南盆地深水区古近系沉积演化[J].沉积学报,2009(8):631-641.[ZHANGGongcheng,LIU Zhen,MI Lijun,et al.Sedimentary evolutionof Paleogene series in deep water area of Zhujiangkou andQiongdongnan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009(8):631-641.]
[8]茹克.裂陷盆地的半地堑分析[J].中国海上油气(地质),1990,4(6):1-10.[RU Ke.Analysis of half grabens in riftingbasin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1990,4(6):1-10.]
[9]陆克政.含油气盆地分析[M].山东:中国石油大学出版社,2006:67.[LU Kezheng.Analysis of Hydrocarbon Basin[M].Shandong:China University of Petroleum Press,2006:67.]
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