中国东部中强地震发生的地震地质标志初探
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摘要
中国东部地区,尤其是105°~120°E,20°~35°N的中国东南部大陆地区,自有史记载以来,少有7级以上的地震发生,却有不少5~6级左右的中强地震。研究此类中强地震发生的地震地质标志很有必要。对此,经初步分析认为:1)中国东部大多数中强地震发生在早第四纪(早、中更新世)活动断裂带附近;2)中国东部大多数5~6级中强地震都与第四纪断陷盆地的发育、分布有关;3)具有明显第四纪活动的构造地貌特征的地区,如线性断层地貌或地貌面的线性分布区具备孕发中强地震的可能性;4)有历史记载以来4~5级地震活动带的空区或缺震地区,也存在发育5~6级地震的可能性。
Few large earthquakes(MS≥7)have ever occurred in the historical records in eastern China,especially in southeast continental region of 105°～120°E,20°～35°N. However,many moderate-strong earthquakes with magnitude between 5 and 6 occurred there,such as the 1962 Heyuan MS 6.4 earthquake and 1969 Yangjiang MS 6.7 earthquake in Guangdong province,the 1974 Liyang MS 6.0 earthquake in Jiangsu province,1979 Guzhen MS 5.0 earthquake in Anhui province,and the 2005 Jiujiang MS 5.7 earthquake in Jiangxi province and so on. These earthquakes have no significant earthquake ruptures,and few late Pleistocene active faults were discovered. So,the seismogeological background of the above moderate-strong earthquakes is still unclear up to the present,that is to say, it is very necessary to study the seismogeologic evidence for moderate earthquakes. In the paper,by analysis of the seismogeologic evidence of the 1979 Liyang MS 6.0 earthquake in Jiangsu province,the 2005 Jiujiang-Ruichang MS 5.7 earthquake in Jiangxi province,the 1710 Xinhua MS 51/2 earthquake in Hunan province,the 1917 Huoshan MS 61/4 earthquake in Anhui province and the moderate-strong earthquakes around Dongting Lake,some conclusions are obtained as follows: 1)most moderate-strong earthquakes in east China occurred at regions near the early Quaternary active faults,and regions with early-middle Pleistocene active faults; 2)most moderate-strong earthquakes in East China are related to the development and distribution of the Quaternary down-faulted basins. 3)moderate-strong earthquakes in East China may occur at regions with evident active tectonic geomorphological characteristics in Quaternary,such as the areas with linear fault geomorphology or geomorphologic surface; 4)moderate-strong earthquakes may occur in the seismic gaps along the seismic zones where earthquakes with magnitudes 4～5 occurred in the history.
Few large earthquakes(MS≥7)have ever occurred in the historical records in eastern China,especially in southeast continental region of 105°～120°E,20°～35°N. However,many moderate-strong earthquakes with magnitude between 5 and 6 occurred there,such as the 1962 Heyuan MS 6.4 earthquake and 1969 Yangjiang MS 6.7 earthquake in Guangdong province,the 1974 Liyang MS 6.0 earthquake in Jiangsu province,1979 Guzhen MS 5.0 earthquake in Anhui province,and the 2005 Jiujiang MS 5.7 earthquake in Jiangxi province and so on. These earthquakes have no significant earthquake ruptures,and few late Pleistocene active faults were discovered. So,the seismogeological background of the above moderate-strong earthquakes is still unclear up to the present,that is to say, it is very necessary to study the seismogeologic evidence for moderate earthquakes. In the paper,by analysis of the seismogeologic evidence of the 1979 Liyang MS 6.0 earthquake in Jiangsu province,the 2005 Jiujiang-Ruichang MS 5.7 earthquake in Jiangxi province,the 1710 Xinhua MS 51/2 earthquake in Hunan province,the 1917 Huoshan MS 61/4 earthquake in Anhui province and the moderate-strong earthquakes around Dongting Lake,some conclusions are obtained as follows: 1)most moderate-strong earthquakes in east China occurred at regions near the early Quaternary active faults,and regions with early-middle Pleistocene active faults; 2)most moderate-strong earthquakes in East China are related to the development and distribution of the Quaternary down-faulted basins. 3)moderate-strong earthquakes in East China may occur at regions with evident active tectonic geomorphological characteristics in Quaternary,such as the areas with linear fault geomorphology or geomorphologic surface; 4)moderate-strong earthquakes may occur in the seismic gaps along the seismic zones where earthquakes with magnitudes 4～5 occurred in the history.
引文
①中国地震局地质研究所,2007,大唐国际江西核电项目初可研阶段地震地质专题研究报告。
①中国地震局地质研究所等,2006,湖南大唐华银核电厂初可阶段候选厂址地震地质调查及评价专题报告。
②湖南省地震局,2002,长沙市活断层探测与地震危险性评价项目可行性研究报告。
③中国地震局地质研究所,2007,湖南桃花江核电厂可行性研究阶段地震安全性评价报告。
④中国地震局地质研究所,2004,湖南核电项目初可研阶段地震安全性评价报告。
⑤中国地震局地质研究所等,2006,湖北大畈核电厂可研阶段地震安全性评价报告。
邓起东,卢造勋,杨主恩.2007.城市活动断层探测和断层活动性评价问题[J].地震地质,29(2):189—200.DENG Qi-dong,LU Zao-xun,YANG Zhu-en.2007.Remarks on urban active fault exploration and associated activityassessment[J].Seismology and Geology,29(2):189—200(in Chinese).
高常波,钟以章.2000.1999年辽宁海城-岫岩5·6级地震的地质构造背景和发震构造[J].地震地质,22(4):405—412.GAO Chang-bo,ZHONG Yi-zhang.2000.Geological background and seismogenic fault of the Haicheng-XiayanM5·6earthquake of November29,1999[J].Seismology and Geology,22(4):405—412(in Chinese).
胡连英,徐学思,孙寿成,等.1997.溧阳地震与茅东断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社.HUlian-ying,XUXue-si,SUN Shou-cheng,et al.1997.The Liyang Earthquakes and the Eastern Fault Zone of Maoshan[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
李传友,汪一鹏,王志才.2007.中国东部城市地区隐伏断裂上断点与最新活动时代关系的初步分析[J].地震地质,29(2):431—445.LI Chuan-you,WANG Yi-Peng,WANG Zhi-cai.2007.Some analyses on the relation between the upper offset point andlatest activity times of buried faults in cities of eastern China:Taking the Xingtai and Tangshan earthquake regionsas an example[J].Seismology and Geology,29(2):431—445(in Chinese).
王志才,晁洪太.1999.1995年山东苍山5·2级地震的发震构造[J].地震地质,21(2):115—120.WANG Zhi-cai,CHAO Hong-tai.1999.The seismogenic structure of the1995CangshanMS5·2earthquake,Shandong[J].Seismology and Geology,21(2):115—120(in Chinese).
王清云,李安然,申重阳.1992.1932年麻城6·0级强震的蕴育环境条件探讨[J].地壳形变与地震,12(4):78—84.WANG Qing-yun,LI An-ran,SHEN Chong-yang.1992.Study on the seismogenic environment condition of theMachengMS6·0earthquake in1932[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,12(4):78—84(in Chinese).
向宏发,丁梦林,宋方敏.1980.1978年海城6·0级地震的构造条件分析[J].地震地质,2(2):61—70.XIANG Hong-fa,DING Meng-lin,SONG Fang-min.1980.Analysis of tectonic condition for the1978Haichengearthquake with magnitude6·0[J].Seismology and Geology,2(2):61—70(in Chinese).
向宏发,张晚霞,虢顺民,等.1999.新生地震破裂带的识别类型划分及其地震地质意义[J].中国地震,15(3):257—267.XIANG Hong-fa,ZHANG Wan-xia,GUO Shun-min,et al.1999.New-generated seismic rupture zone:recognition,type division and significance in seismogeology[J].Earthquake Research in China,15(3):257—267(inChinese).
姚大全,刘加灿,李杰,等.2003.六安—霍山地震危险区地震活动与地震构造[J].地震地质,25(2):211—219.YAO Da-guan,LIU Jia-can,LI Jie,et al.2003.Seismic activities and structures of the Liu an-Huoshan seismic riskarea[J].Seismology and Geology,25(2):211—219(in Chinese).
叶洪,张文郁,于之水,等.1980.1979年溧阳6级地震震源构造的研究[J].地震地质,2(4):27—37.YE Hong,ZHANG Wen-yu,YUZhi-shui,et al.1980.On the source tectonics of1979Liyang earthquake of magnitude6[J].Seismology and Geology,2(4):27—37(in Chinese).
周翠林,王华林,王红卫,等.2001.华北4次中强地震前震源区及其附近应力场的变化[J].地震地质,23(1):98—110.ZHOUCui-lin,WANG Hua-lin,WANG Hong-wei,et al.2001.The changes of stress field in the focal region and itsadjacent areas before four moderate-strong earthquakes in North China[J].Seismology and Geology,23(1):98—110(in Chinese).
张玉岫.1989.湖南地震构造[A].见:马杏垣主编.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社.ZHANG Yu-xiu.1989.Seismic structure of Hunan province[A].In:Ma Xing-yuan(ed).Lithospheric DynamicsAtlas of China.SinoMaps Press,Beijing.
朱书俊.1992.溧阳两次地震的构造背景和发震构造[A].见:徐玉明等主编.溧阳地震工作文集.北京:地震出版社.ZHU Shu-jun.1992.Structural background and seismogenic fault of the two earthquakes in Liyang[A].In:XUYu-minget al(eds).Collected Works on Liyang Earthquake.Seismological Press,Beijing.
张裕明,时振梁,常向东,等.2004.论核工程选址中的弥散地震[J].地震地质,26(4):727—732.ZHANG Yu-ming,SHI Zhen-liang,CHANG Xiang-dong,et al.2004.Discussion on diffuse seismicity assessmentrelated to nuclear power plant siting[J].Seismology and Geology,26(4):727—732(in Chinese).
张石钧.1992.洞庭盆地的第四纪构造活动[J].地震地质,14(1):32—40.ZHANG Shi-jun.1992.The tectogenesis in the Quaternary period of the Dongting Basin[J].Seismology andGeology,14(1):32—40(in Chinese).
①中国地震局地质研究所等,2006,湖南大唐华银核电厂初可阶段候选厂址地震地质调查及评价专题报告。
②湖南省地震局,2002,长沙市活断层探测与地震危险性评价项目可行性研究报告。
③中国地震局地质研究所,2007,湖南桃花江核电厂可行性研究阶段地震安全性评价报告。
④中国地震局地质研究所,2004,湖南核电项目初可研阶段地震安全性评价报告。
⑤中国地震局地质研究所等,2006,湖北大畈核电厂可研阶段地震安全性评价报告。
邓起东,卢造勋,杨主恩.2007.城市活动断层探测和断层活动性评价问题[J].地震地质,29(2):189—200.DENG Qi-dong,LU Zao-xun,YANG Zhu-en.2007.Remarks on urban active fault exploration and associated activityassessment[J].Seismology and Geology,29(2):189—200(in Chinese).
高常波,钟以章.2000.1999年辽宁海城-岫岩5·6级地震的地质构造背景和发震构造[J].地震地质,22(4):405—412.GAO Chang-bo,ZHONG Yi-zhang.2000.Geological background and seismogenic fault of the Haicheng-XiayanM5·6earthquake of November29,1999[J].Seismology and Geology,22(4):405—412(in Chinese).
胡连英,徐学思,孙寿成,等.1997.溧阳地震与茅东断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社.HUlian-ying,XUXue-si,SUN Shou-cheng,et al.1997.The Liyang Earthquakes and the Eastern Fault Zone of Maoshan[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
李传友,汪一鹏,王志才.2007.中国东部城市地区隐伏断裂上断点与最新活动时代关系的初步分析[J].地震地质,29(2):431—445.LI Chuan-you,WANG Yi-Peng,WANG Zhi-cai.2007.Some analyses on the relation between the upper offset point andlatest activity times of buried faults in cities of eastern China:Taking the Xingtai and Tangshan earthquake regionsas an example[J].Seismology and Geology,29(2):431—445(in Chinese).
王志才,晁洪太.1999.1995年山东苍山5·2级地震的发震构造[J].地震地质,21(2):115—120.WANG Zhi-cai,CHAO Hong-tai.1999.The seismogenic structure of the1995CangshanMS5·2earthquake,Shandong[J].Seismology and Geology,21(2):115—120(in Chinese).
王清云,李安然,申重阳.1992.1932年麻城6·0级强震的蕴育环境条件探讨[J].地壳形变与地震,12(4):78—84.WANG Qing-yun,LI An-ran,SHEN Chong-yang.1992.Study on the seismogenic environment condition of theMachengMS6·0earthquake in1932[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,12(4):78—84(in Chinese).
向宏发,丁梦林,宋方敏.1980.1978年海城6·0级地震的构造条件分析[J].地震地质,2(2):61—70.XIANG Hong-fa,DING Meng-lin,SONG Fang-min.1980.Analysis of tectonic condition for the1978Haichengearthquake with magnitude6·0[J].Seismology and Geology,2(2):61—70(in Chinese).
向宏发,张晚霞,虢顺民,等.1999.新生地震破裂带的识别类型划分及其地震地质意义[J].中国地震,15(3):257—267.XIANG Hong-fa,ZHANG Wan-xia,GUO Shun-min,et al.1999.New-generated seismic rupture zone:recognition,type division and significance in seismogeology[J].Earthquake Research in China,15(3):257—267(inChinese).
姚大全,刘加灿,李杰,等.2003.六安—霍山地震危险区地震活动与地震构造[J].地震地质,25(2):211—219.YAO Da-guan,LIU Jia-can,LI Jie,et al.2003.Seismic activities and structures of the Liu an-Huoshan seismic riskarea[J].Seismology and Geology,25(2):211—219(in Chinese).
叶洪,张文郁,于之水,等.1980.1979年溧阳6级地震震源构造的研究[J].地震地质,2(4):27—37.YE Hong,ZHANG Wen-yu,YUZhi-shui,et al.1980.On the source tectonics of1979Liyang earthquake of magnitude6[J].Seismology and Geology,2(4):27—37(in Chinese).
周翠林,王华林,王红卫,等.2001.华北4次中强地震前震源区及其附近应力场的变化[J].地震地质,23(1):98—110.ZHOUCui-lin,WANG Hua-lin,WANG Hong-wei,et al.2001.The changes of stress field in the focal region and itsadjacent areas before four moderate-strong earthquakes in North China[J].Seismology and Geology,23(1):98—110(in Chinese).
张玉岫.1989.湖南地震构造[A].见:马杏垣主编.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社.ZHANG Yu-xiu.1989.Seismic structure of Hunan province[A].In:Ma Xing-yuan(ed).Lithospheric DynamicsAtlas of China.SinoMaps Press,Beijing.
朱书俊.1992.溧阳两次地震的构造背景和发震构造[A].见:徐玉明等主编.溧阳地震工作文集.北京:地震出版社.ZHU Shu-jun.1992.Structural background and seismogenic fault of the two earthquakes in Liyang[A].In:XUYu-minget al(eds).Collected Works on Liyang Earthquake.Seismological Press,Beijing.
张裕明,时振梁,常向东,等.2004.论核工程选址中的弥散地震[J].地震地质,26(4):727—732.ZHANG Yu-ming,SHI Zhen-liang,CHANG Xiang-dong,et al.2004.Discussion on diffuse seismicity assessmentrelated to nuclear power plant siting[J].Seismology and Geology,26(4):727—732(in Chinese).
张石钧.1992.洞庭盆地的第四纪构造活动[J].地震地质,14(1):32—40.ZHANG Shi-jun.1992.The tectogenesis in the Quaternary period of the Dongting Basin[J].Seismology andGeology,14(1):32—40(in Chinese).
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