堰塞湖灾变特征与应急管理策略
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摘要
自2008年汶川大地震以来,堰塞湖灾害的应急管理引起了人们的广泛关注。在堰塞湖成因及其灾变特征分析的基础上,给出了堰塞湖应急管理的一般程序,根据分类管理、分级响应和分期处置的原则讨论了堰塞湖应急管理的基本策略。建议将堰塞湖应急管理纳入国家防汛抗旱应急体系的框架之中,但由于其复杂性,短期内应通过各级政府及其应急管理办公室与其他相关部门建立更强有力的协作关系,特别是在信息监测和共享方面,长期应考虑建立区域综合应急机构来应对堰塞湖以及其他灾害和事故。堰塞湖应急管理的重心应放在缓解原生灾害以减小堰塞湖出现几率方面,其中风险区划、监测和信息共享网络建设是应当优先完成的工作。
The emergency management of barrier lakes has attracted wide attention in China since the Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan province in 2008.The emergency management process is presented on the basis of analyzing the causes and evolving features of barrier lakes.The emergency management strategies system is discussed according to the principles of classified management,graded response and phased treatment.It is suggested that the emergency management system for barrier lakes should be involved in the national flood and drought management framework.Owing to its complexity,in the short term,the emergency management system should be more tightly associated with related administration departments especially in the field of monitoring and information sharing,whereas in the long term,regional integrated emergency management agency should be established.The emergency management should focus on mitigating the primary disasters to reduce the occurrence possibility of barrier lakes.Risk mapping,monitoring and information sharing network construction should be priorities on the agenda.
The emergency management of barrier lakes has attracted wide attention in China since the Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan province in 2008.The emergency management process is presented on the basis of analyzing the causes and evolving features of barrier lakes.The emergency management strategies system is discussed according to the principles of classified management,graded response and phased treatment.It is suggested that the emergency management system for barrier lakes should be involved in the national flood and drought management framework.Owing to its complexity,in the short term,the emergency management system should be more tightly associated with related administration departments especially in the field of monitoring and information sharing,whereas in the long term,regional integrated emergency management agency should be established.The emergency management should focus on mitigating the primary disasters to reduce the occurrence possibility of barrier lakes.Risk mapping,monitoring and information sharing network construction should be priorities on the agenda.
引文
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[1]魏迎奇.堰塞湖灾变特征及应急处理技术[J].中国水利,2008,(11):37-39.(WEI Ying-qi.Cataclysm Feature of Dammed Lake and Emergency Treatment Tech-nology[J].China Water Resources,2008,(11):37-39.(in Chinese))
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[6]杨启贵,李勤军.唐家山堰塞湖应急处置技术特点与体会[J].人民长江,2008,39(22):1-4.(YANG Qi-gui,LI Qin-jun.Technological Characteristics and Experience of Emergency Handling for Tangjiashan Barri-er Lake[J].Yangtze River,2008,39(22):1-4.(in Chinese))
[7]WU D D,XU J.Review of Emergency Management Re-lated to the Wenchuan Earthquake:A Special Section[J].International Journal of Emergency Management,2009,6(2):208-214.
[8]刘宁.唐家山堰塞湖应急处置与减灾管理工程[J].中国工程科学,2008,10(12):67-72.(LIU Ning.The Emergency Handling of Tangjiashan Barrier Lake and Disaster Reduction Management Project[J].Engineering Sciences,2008,10(12):67-72.(in Chinese))
[9]FINK S.Crisis Management:Planning for the Inevitable[M].New York:American Management Association,1986.
[1]魏迎奇.堰塞湖灾变特征及应急处理技术[J].中国水利,2008,(11):37-39.(WEI Ying-qi.Cataclysm Feature of Dammed Lake and Emergency Treatment Tech-nology[J].China Water Resources,2008,(11):37-39.(in Chinese))
[2]CUI P,CHEN X,ZHU Y,et al.The Wenchuan Earth-quake(May12,2008),Sichuan Province,China,and Resulting Geohazards[J].Natural Hazards,2011,56(1):19-36.
[3]刘宁,张建新,林伟,等.汶川地震唐家山堰塞引流除险工程及溃坝洪水演进过程[J].中国科学:E辑,2009,39(8):1359-1366.(LIU Ning,ZHANG Jian-xin,LIN Wei,et al.Draining Tangjiashan Barrier Lake after Wenchuan Earthquake and the Flood Propaga-tion after the Dam Break[J].Science in China Series E:Technology Science,2009,39(8):1359-1366.(in Chinese))
[4]王光谦,钟德钰,张红武,等.汶川地震唐家山堰塞湖泄流过程的数值模拟[J].科学通报,2008,53(24):3127-3133.(WANG Guang-qian,ZHONG De-yu,ZHANG Hong-wu,et al.Numerical Simulation of Dis-charge Process of Tangjiashan Dammed Lake Caused by Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(24):3127-3133.(in Chinese))
[5]陈晓清,崔鹏,赵万玉,等.“5.12”汶川地震堰塞湖应急处置措施的讨论———以唐家山堰塞湖为例[J].山地学报,2010,28(3):350-357.(CHEN Xi-ao-qing,CUI Peng,ZHAO Wan-yu,et al.A Discussion of Emergency Treatment of Dammed Lake Caused by“5.12”Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2010,28(3):350-357.(in Chinese))
[6]杨启贵,李勤军.唐家山堰塞湖应急处置技术特点与体会[J].人民长江,2008,39(22):1-4.(YANG Qi-gui,LI Qin-jun.Technological Characteristics and Experience of Emergency Handling for Tangjiashan Barri-er Lake[J].Yangtze River,2008,39(22):1-4.(in Chinese))
[7]WU D D,XU J.Review of Emergency Management Re-lated to the Wenchuan Earthquake:A Special Section[J].International Journal of Emergency Management,2009,6(2):208-214.
[8]刘宁.唐家山堰塞湖应急处置与减灾管理工程[J].中国工程科学,2008,10(12):67-72.(LIU Ning.The Emergency Handling of Tangjiashan Barrier Lake and Disaster Reduction Management Project[J].Engineering Sciences,2008,10(12):67-72.(in Chinese))
[9]FINK S.Crisis Management:Planning for the Inevitable[M].New York:American Management Association,1986.
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