中国东北地区太平洋板块精细俯冲特征
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摘要
中国东北地区的火山较为活跃。一些学者认为这些火山的起源与西太平洋板块的俯冲和软流圈物质的上涌存在密切联系。尽管天然地震层析成像结果明显地显示出火山区下方存在着太平洋板块,但板块的厚度、存在范围等俯冲特征仍然不是特别清晰。为此,采用远震层析成像和走时拟合相结合的方法深入研究了中国东北地区的壳幔速度结构,特别是太平洋俯冲板块的精细结构。研究结果表明:(1)板块的平均厚度和速度异常分别为85 km和1%,而且与日本海地区结果进行对比可推测板块并未增厚;(2)板块以低角度俯冲进入地幔过渡带,到达过渡带底部后弯曲成水平状,向西延伸至东经127°而停止;(3)水平延伸的板块恰好位于火山区的下方。这些俯冲特征有助于人们更好地理解陆内火山的起源及地球深部动力学过程。
The volcanoes locating in northeast China are very active.Some researchers consider that the origin of volcanoes is closely related to the subducting western Pacific plate and the upwelling asthenosphere.The thickness and the existing range of the subducted plate are not clear as far although the seismic tomography results obviously show that the Pacific plate exists below the volcano region.Therefore,in this study,we adopted the method combining the teleseismic tomography with travel time forward modeling to further study the velocity structure beneath northeast China,especially the precise model of subducted Pacific plate.Our results show that(1) the average thickness and velocity perturbation of slab are 85 km and 1%,respectively,and the slab has not been thickened compared with the previous result of the Japan Sea;(2) the Pacific plate subducted into the mantle transition zone with a shallow dip angle,and changed horizontally when it touched the bottom of mantle transition zone,and extended westward to Longitude 127°E and then stops over there;(3) the horizontal slab locates right below the volcano region.These above features help people understand the origin of intraplate volcanoes and the geodynamical process better.
The volcanoes locating in northeast China are very active.Some researchers consider that the origin of volcanoes is closely related to the subducting western Pacific plate and the upwelling asthenosphere.The thickness and the existing range of the subducted plate are not clear as far although the seismic tomography results obviously show that the Pacific plate exists below the volcano region.Therefore,in this study,we adopted the method combining the teleseismic tomography with travel time forward modeling to further study the velocity structure beneath northeast China,especially the precise model of subducted Pacific plate.Our results show that(1) the average thickness and velocity perturbation of slab are 85 km and 1%,respectively,and the slab has not been thickened compared with the previous result of the Japan Sea;(2) the Pacific plate subducted into the mantle transition zone with a shallow dip angle,and changed horizontally when it touched the bottom of mantle transition zone,and extended westward to Longitude 127°E and then stops over there;(3) the horizontal slab locates right below the volcano region.These above features help people understand the origin of intraplate volcanoes and the geodynamical process better.
引文
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[16]Zhao D P,Hasegawa A,Kanamori H.Deep structure of Japansubduction zone as derived from local,regional and teleseismicevents[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99:22313-22329.
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[18]Jiang G M,Zhao D P,Zhang G B.Seismic tomography of thePacific slab edge under Kamchatka[J].Tectonophysics,2009,465:190-203.
[19]江国明,赵大鹏,张贵宾.日本列岛下太平洋俯冲板块的精细结构[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):222-231.
[20]Jiang G M,Zhao D P,Zhang G B.Seismic evidence for a meta-stable olivine wedge in the subducting Pacific slab under JapanSea[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,270:300-307.
[21]Jiang G M,Zhao D P.Metastable olivine wedge in the subduc-ting Pacific slab and its relation to deep earthquakes[J].Jour-nal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,42:1411-1423.
[22]江国明,张贵宾,徐峣.远震相对走时数据快速计算方法及应用[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(待刊).
[23]Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R.Traveltimes for global earthquakelocation and phase identification[J].Geophysical Journal Inter-national,1991,105:429-465.
[24]Zhao D P,Matsuzawa T,Hasegawa A.Morphology of the sub-ducting slab boundary in the northeastern Japan arc[J].Phys-ics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1997,102:89-104.
[25]Gudmundsson,Sambridge M.A regionalized upper mantle(RUM)seismic model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103:7121-7136.
[26]Niu F L,Kawakatsu H.Complex structure of mantle discontinui-ties at the tip of the subducting slab beneath northeast China[J].Journal of Physics of the Earth,1996,44:701-711.
[27]唐吉,邓前辉,赵国泽,等.长白山天池火山区电性结构和岩浆系统[J].地震地质,2001,23(2):191-200.
[28]张成科,张先康,赵金仁,等.长白山天池火山区及邻近地区壳幔结构探测研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6):862-871.
[29]Thompson A.Water in the Earth's upper mantle[J].Nature,1992,358:295-302.
[30]Wessel P,Smith W H.New,improved version of the genericmapping tools released[J].Eos Trans AGU,1998,79,doi:10.1029/98EO00426.
[2]Turcotte D,Schubert G.Geodynamics,Applications of Continu-um Physics to Geological Problems[M].New York:John Wileyand Sons Press,1982:1-449.
[3]Tatsumi Y,Maruyama S,Nohda S.Mechanism of backarc open-ing in the Japan Sea:Role of asthenospheric injection[J].Tec-tonophysics,1990,181:299-306.
[4]赵大鹏,雷建设,唐荣余.中国东北长白山火山的起源:地震层析成像证据[J].科学通报,2004,49(14):1439-1446.
[5]Lei J S,Zhao D P.P-wave tomography and origin of the Chang-bai intraplate volcano in Northeast Asia[J].Tectonophysics,2005,397:281-295.
[6]Huang J L,Zhao D P.High-resolution mantle tomography ofChina and surrounding regions[J].Journal of Geophysical Re-search,2006,111,doi:10.1029/2005JB004066.
[7]Duan Y H,Zhao D P,Zhang X K,et al.Seismic structure andorigin of active intraplate volcanoes in Northeast China[J].Tectonophysics,2009,470:257-266.
[8]Fukao Y,Obayashi M,Inoue H,et al.Subducting slabs stag-nant in the Mantle Transition zone[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1992,97(B4):4809-4822.
[9]Zhao D P.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and sub-ducting slabs:insight into deep Earth dynamics[J].Physics ofthe Earth and Planetary Interiors,2004,146:3-34.
[10]Collier J D,Helffrich G R,Wood B J.Seismic discontinuitiesand subduction zones[J].Physics of the Earth and PlanetaryInteriors,2001,127:35-49.
[11]Ai Y S,Zheng T Y,Xu W W,et al.A complex 660 km discon-tinuity beneath northeast China[J].Earth and Planetary Sci-ence Letters,2003,212:63-71.
[12]Li X Q,Yuan X H.Reveiver functions in northeast China—implications for slab penetration into the lower mantle in northwestPacific subduction zone[J].Earth and Planetary Science Let-ters,2003,216:679-691.
[13]Zhu G Z,Shi Y L,Tackley P.Subduction of the Western PacificPlate underneath Northeast China:Implications of numerical stud-ies[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2010,178:92-99.
[14]Van der Hilst R,Seno T.Effects of relative plate motion on thedeep structure and penetration depth of slabs below the Izu-Boninand Mariana island arcs[J].Earth and Planetary Science Let-ters,1993,120:395-407.
[15]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁,等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417.
[16]Zhao D P,Hasegawa A,Kanamori H.Deep structure of Japansubduction zone as derived from local,regional and teleseismicevents[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99:22313-22329.
[17]Zhao D P,Maruyama S,Omori S.Mantle dynamics of westernPacific and east Asia:Insight from seismic tomography and miner-al physics[J].Gondwana Research,2007,11:120-131.
[18]Jiang G M,Zhao D P,Zhang G B.Seismic tomography of thePacific slab edge under Kamchatka[J].Tectonophysics,2009,465:190-203.
[19]江国明,赵大鹏,张贵宾.日本列岛下太平洋俯冲板块的精细结构[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):222-231.
[20]Jiang G M,Zhao D P,Zhang G B.Seismic evidence for a meta-stable olivine wedge in the subducting Pacific slab under JapanSea[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,270:300-307.
[21]Jiang G M,Zhao D P.Metastable olivine wedge in the subduc-ting Pacific slab and its relation to deep earthquakes[J].Jour-nal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,42:1411-1423.
[22]江国明,张贵宾,徐峣.远震相对走时数据快速计算方法及应用[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(待刊).
[23]Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R.Traveltimes for global earthquakelocation and phase identification[J].Geophysical Journal Inter-national,1991,105:429-465.
[24]Zhao D P,Matsuzawa T,Hasegawa A.Morphology of the sub-ducting slab boundary in the northeastern Japan arc[J].Phys-ics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1997,102:89-104.
[25]Gudmundsson,Sambridge M.A regionalized upper mantle(RUM)seismic model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103:7121-7136.
[26]Niu F L,Kawakatsu H.Complex structure of mantle discontinui-ties at the tip of the subducting slab beneath northeast China[J].Journal of Physics of the Earth,1996,44:701-711.
[27]唐吉,邓前辉,赵国泽,等.长白山天池火山区电性结构和岩浆系统[J].地震地质,2001,23(2):191-200.
[28]张成科,张先康,赵金仁,等.长白山天池火山区及邻近地区壳幔结构探测研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6):862-871.
[29]Thompson A.Water in the Earth's upper mantle[J].Nature,1992,358:295-302.
[30]Wessel P,Smith W H.New,improved version of the genericmapping tools released[J].Eos Trans AGU,1998,79,doi:10.1029/98EO00426.
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