中国中西部四大盆地碎屑岩油气地质与勘探技术新进展
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摘要
晚古生代以来,中西部四大盆地成盆演化具有"同序异时"特征,碎屑岩层系具有自生自储和海生陆储两大勘探领域。压性构造背景下碎屑岩沉积充填层序具有"二元"体系域结构,决定了碎屑岩层系具有良好的生储盖组合。碎屑岩层系可划分内源、外源和混源3大类6个亚类成藏体系。四大盆地构造变形的差异性决定了成藏体系分布的差异性。针对裂缝性储层预测,形成了三维三分量地震采集、处理和解释技术系列;针对致密储层和隐蔽圈闭识别,形成了实用的黄土塬地震采集处理技术等;针对川西坳陷致密裂缝性储层,形成了一系列压裂改造技术;针对鄂南致密砂岩储层,形成了补偿压裂技术方法。油气地质理论新认识与技术新进展推动了该领域大中型油气田(如川西须二气田、塔河碎屑岩油气藏和鄂南镇泾油田)和规模储量的发现。
Since Late Paleozoic,the four large-sized petroliferous basins(i.e.Ordos,Sichuan,Junggar and Tarim) in central-western China have experienced similar evolution processes during different geologic time,and have two kinds of petroleum exploration plays in clastic strata,i.e.self-source and self-reservoir type and marine-source continental-reservoir type.The clastic sequences deposited in compressional environments have "dual system tract structure",which determines the high quality of the exploration plays.Three types(inner-sourcing,out-sourcing and hybrid-sourcing)and six subtypes of petroleum accumulation systems can be identified in the clastic sequences.The differences in tectonic deformation among these four basins result in the differences in their petroleum accumulation system distributions.A technique series consisting of 3D 3C seismic acquisition,processing and interpretation has been developed for fractured reservoir prediction.Seismic acquisition and processing techniques for loess tableland are developed to identify tight reservoirs and subtle traps.Fracturing techniques are developed for stimulation of the fractured tight reservoirs in western Sichuan depression.Compensation fracturing techniques are developed for stimulation of the tight sands in southern Ordos Basin.The advances in petroleum geologic theories and exploration techniques have promoted the discovery of the large-to medium-sized oil and gas fields(such as gas reservoirs in the 2nd member of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,the classtic oil reservoirs in Tahe area,the Zhenjing oil field in southern Ordos Basin).
Since Late Paleozoic,the four large-sized petroliferous basins(i.e.Ordos,Sichuan,Junggar and Tarim) in central-western China have experienced similar evolution processes during different geologic time,and have two kinds of petroleum exploration plays in clastic strata,i.e.self-source and self-reservoir type and marine-source continental-reservoir type.The clastic sequences deposited in compressional environments have "dual system tract structure",which determines the high quality of the exploration plays.Three types(inner-sourcing,out-sourcing and hybrid-sourcing)and six subtypes of petroleum accumulation systems can be identified in the clastic sequences.The differences in tectonic deformation among these four basins result in the differences in their petroleum accumulation system distributions.A technique series consisting of 3D 3C seismic acquisition,processing and interpretation has been developed for fractured reservoir prediction.Seismic acquisition and processing techniques for loess tableland are developed to identify tight reservoirs and subtle traps.Fracturing techniques are developed for stimulation of the fractured tight reservoirs in western Sichuan depression.Compensation fracturing techniques are developed for stimulation of the tight sands in southern Ordos Basin.The advances in petroleum geologic theories and exploration techniques have promoted the discovery of the large-to medium-sized oil and gas fields(such as gas reservoirs in the 2nd member of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,the classtic oil reservoirs in Tahe area,the Zhenjing oil field in southern Ordos Basin).
引文
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[8]张水昌,米敬奎,刘柳红,等.中国致密砂岩煤成气藏地质特征及成藏过程:以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界与四川盆地须家河组气藏为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):320-330.Zhang Shuichang,Mi Jingkui,Liu Liuhong,et al.Geologicalfeatures and formation of coal-formed tight sandstone gas poolsin China:cases from Upper Paleozoic gas pools,Ordos BasinandXujiahe Formation gas pools,Sichuan Basin[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2009,36(3):320-330.
[9]杨华,刘显阳,张才利,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组低渗透岩性油藏主控因素及其分布规律[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(3):1-6.Yang Hua,Liu Xianyan,Zhang Caili,et al.The main control-ling factors and distribution of low permeability lithologic reser-voirs of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Li-thologic Reservoirs,2007,19(3):1-6.
[10]刘传虎,王学忠.准噶尔盆地车排子地区层序地层结构及有利储集相带[J].新疆石油地质,2012,33(1):1-5.Liu Chuanhu,Wang Xuezhong.Stratigraphic sequence structureand favorable facies belt in Chepaizi area of Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012,33(1):1-5.
[11]郑和荣,尹伟,胡宗全,等.中国中西部碎屑岩领域油气富集主控因素与勘探方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):753-762.Zheng Herong,YinWei,Hu Zongquan,et al.Main controllingfactors for hydrocarbon accumulation and potential explorationtargets in clastic sequences in western-central China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(6):753-762.
[12]金之钧.叠合盆地油气成藏体系研究思路与方法—以准噶尔盆地中部地区油气藏为例[J].高等地质学校,2011,17(2):161-169.Jin Zhijun.Methods in studying petroleum accumulation sys-tems in a superimposed basin:a case study of petroleum re-serviors in the Central Junggar Basin[J].Geological Journal ofChina Universities,2011,17(2):161-169.
[13]蔡希源.深层致密砂岩气藏天然气富集规律与勘探关键技术—以四川盆地川西坳陷须家河组天然气勘探为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):707-714.Cai Xiyuan.Gas accumulation patterns and key explorationtechniques of deep gas reservoirs in tight sandstone:an examplefrom gas exploration in the Xujiahe Formation of the western Si-chuan Depression,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(6):707-714.
[14]Yang Hua,Fu Jinhua,Wang Daxing.Prediction of subtle thingas reservoir in the loess desert area in the North of Ordos Basin[J].Applied Geophysics,2004,1(2):122-128.
[15]漆立新.塔河油田深层碎屑岩非构造圈闭地震勘探技术[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(4):515-518.Qi Lixin.The seismic prospecting technology for deep clasticnon-structural trap in Tahe Oilfield[J].Xinjiang PetroleumGeology,2009,30(4):515-518.
[16]石玉,李宗杰.塔河油田三叠系岩性圈闭识别与评价技术[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(3):375-378.Shi Yu,Li Zongjie.Identification and Evaluation Technologiesof lithologic trap of Triassic in Tahe Oilfield[J].XinJiang Pe-troleum Geology,2007,28(3):375-378.
[17]黄小军,杨永华,董海亮.新场沙溪庙组气藏大型压裂工艺技术研究与应用[J].天然气勘探与开发,2011,34(1):46-50.Huang Xiaojun,Yang Yonghua,Dong Hailiang.Large-scalefracturing technology of Shaximiao Formation in Xinchang gas-field and its application[J].Natural Gas Exploration and De-velopment,2011,34(1):46-50.
[18]李华昌,熊昕东,青炳,等.川西深层裂缝孔隙型气藏水平井完井方式及参数优化[J].钻采工艺,2011,34(4):21-24.Li Huachang,Xiong Xindong,Qin Bing,et al.Completion de-sign and parameter optimization of horizontal well in Chuanxifracture-pore type gas reservoirs[J].Drilling&ProductionTechnology,2011,34(4):21-24.
[19]李公让,蓝强,张敬辉.低渗透储层水平井伤害机理及保护技术[J].石油钻探技术,2010,38(6):60-64.Li Gongrang,Lan Qiang,Zhang Jinghui,et al.Low permeabilityreservoir horizontal well formation damage mechanism and for-mation protection[J].Petroleum Dilling Techniques,2010,38(6):60-64.
[2]杨俊杰.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.Yang Junjie.The tectonic evolution and petroleum distribtion ofOrdos Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002.
[3]贾承造,魏国齐.塔里木盆地构造特征与含油气性[J].科学通报,2002,47(增刊):1-8.Jia Chenzao,Wei Guoqi.Tectonic characteristics and its petro-liferous in Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(sup):1-8.
[4]陈发景,汪新文,汪新伟.准噶尔盆地的原型和构造演化[J],地学前缘[中国地质大学(北京);北京大学],2005,12(3):77-89.Chen Fajing,Wang Xinwen,Wang Xinwei.Prototype and tec-tonic evolution of the Junggar basin,northwestern China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):77-89.
[5]杨克明.川西坳陷须家河组天然气成藏模式探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):786-793。Yang Keming.Gas reservoiring mode in Xujiahe Formation ofwestern Sichuan depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(6):786-803.
[6]赵文智,卞从胜,徐春春,等.四川盆地须家河组须一、三和五段天然气源内成藏潜力与有利区评价[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(4):385-393.Zhao Wenzhi,Bian Congsheng,Xu Chunchun,etc al.Assess-ment on gas accumulation potential and favorable plays withinthe Xu-1,3 and 5 Members of Xujiahe Formation in SichuanBasin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Dvelopment,2011,38(4):385-393.
[7]邹才能,陶士振,朱如凯,等.“连续型”气藏及其大气区形成机制与分布:以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组煤系大气区为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):307-319.Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Zhu Rukai,et al.Formation and dis-tribution o“f continuous”gas reservoirs and their giant gas prov-ince:a case from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation giantgas province,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2009,36(3):307-319.
[8]张水昌,米敬奎,刘柳红,等.中国致密砂岩煤成气藏地质特征及成藏过程:以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界与四川盆地须家河组气藏为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):320-330.Zhang Shuichang,Mi Jingkui,Liu Liuhong,et al.Geologicalfeatures and formation of coal-formed tight sandstone gas poolsin China:cases from Upper Paleozoic gas pools,Ordos BasinandXujiahe Formation gas pools,Sichuan Basin[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2009,36(3):320-330.
[9]杨华,刘显阳,张才利,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组低渗透岩性油藏主控因素及其分布规律[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(3):1-6.Yang Hua,Liu Xianyan,Zhang Caili,et al.The main control-ling factors and distribution of low permeability lithologic reser-voirs of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Li-thologic Reservoirs,2007,19(3):1-6.
[10]刘传虎,王学忠.准噶尔盆地车排子地区层序地层结构及有利储集相带[J].新疆石油地质,2012,33(1):1-5.Liu Chuanhu,Wang Xuezhong.Stratigraphic sequence structureand favorable facies belt in Chepaizi area of Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012,33(1):1-5.
[11]郑和荣,尹伟,胡宗全,等.中国中西部碎屑岩领域油气富集主控因素与勘探方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):753-762.Zheng Herong,YinWei,Hu Zongquan,et al.Main controllingfactors for hydrocarbon accumulation and potential explorationtargets in clastic sequences in western-central China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(6):753-762.
[12]金之钧.叠合盆地油气成藏体系研究思路与方法—以准噶尔盆地中部地区油气藏为例[J].高等地质学校,2011,17(2):161-169.Jin Zhijun.Methods in studying petroleum accumulation sys-tems in a superimposed basin:a case study of petroleum re-serviors in the Central Junggar Basin[J].Geological Journal ofChina Universities,2011,17(2):161-169.
[13]蔡希源.深层致密砂岩气藏天然气富集规律与勘探关键技术—以四川盆地川西坳陷须家河组天然气勘探为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):707-714.Cai Xiyuan.Gas accumulation patterns and key explorationtechniques of deep gas reservoirs in tight sandstone:an examplefrom gas exploration in the Xujiahe Formation of the western Si-chuan Depression,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(6):707-714.
[14]Yang Hua,Fu Jinhua,Wang Daxing.Prediction of subtle thingas reservoir in the loess desert area in the North of Ordos Basin[J].Applied Geophysics,2004,1(2):122-128.
[15]漆立新.塔河油田深层碎屑岩非构造圈闭地震勘探技术[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(4):515-518.Qi Lixin.The seismic prospecting technology for deep clasticnon-structural trap in Tahe Oilfield[J].Xinjiang PetroleumGeology,2009,30(4):515-518.
[16]石玉,李宗杰.塔河油田三叠系岩性圈闭识别与评价技术[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(3):375-378.Shi Yu,Li Zongjie.Identification and Evaluation Technologiesof lithologic trap of Triassic in Tahe Oilfield[J].XinJiang Pe-troleum Geology,2007,28(3):375-378.
[17]黄小军,杨永华,董海亮.新场沙溪庙组气藏大型压裂工艺技术研究与应用[J].天然气勘探与开发,2011,34(1):46-50.Huang Xiaojun,Yang Yonghua,Dong Hailiang.Large-scalefracturing technology of Shaximiao Formation in Xinchang gas-field and its application[J].Natural Gas Exploration and De-velopment,2011,34(1):46-50.
[18]李华昌,熊昕东,青炳,等.川西深层裂缝孔隙型气藏水平井完井方式及参数优化[J].钻采工艺,2011,34(4):21-24.Li Huachang,Xiong Xindong,Qin Bing,et al.Completion de-sign and parameter optimization of horizontal well in Chuanxifracture-pore type gas reservoirs[J].Drilling&ProductionTechnology,2011,34(4):21-24.
[19]李公让,蓝强,张敬辉.低渗透储层水平井伤害机理及保护技术[J].石油钻探技术,2010,38(6):60-64.Li Gongrang,Lan Qiang,Zhang Jinghui,et al.Low permeabilityreservoir horizontal well formation damage mechanism and for-mation protection[J].Petroleum Dilling Techniques,2010,38(6):60-64.
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