折射波静校正与层析静校正技术适用性分析
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摘要
对于任何一种类型的油气藏,构造都是十分重要的主控因素,而构造因素的影响往往与地震资料处理中的静校正密切相关,因此,长波长静校正问题越来越多地引起人们的关注.折射波静校正与层析静校正是目前资料处理中常用的静校正技术.前者适合近地表有稳定的折射层、表层速度和厚度纵横向变化不太剧烈的地区,并要预先给出风化层的速度;但是不能反映层内速度变化,不适合风化层速度变化剧烈或存在速度反转的地区.后者在算法上比前者复杂许多,适合地形起伏较大、近地表结构复杂、速度变化剧烈的地区,能够解决因速度横向剧烈变化和速度倒转引起的静校正问题;但是计算量大,计算时间长,存在多解性.日常工作中往往会认为层析静校正一定比折射波静校正效果好,其实不然.本文在归纳了这两种方法适用条件和优缺点的基础上,结合低山区和黄土塬区两种典型地表结构的实际资料进行了静校正处理.从模型和剖面对比上可以证明,并不是算法越复杂处理效果就越好,只有在满足算法适用条件的前提下才能充分体现技术优势.
tructure is an important controlling factor for any type of reservoirs,which is closely related to static correction of seismic data processing.So people are increasingly concerned about the long-wavelength static correction.Refraction static correction and tomographic inversion static correction are commonly used in seismic data processing.Refraction static correction requires stable refraction layers in the near-surface areas,the speed and thickness both in vertical and horizontal couldn't change severely,and weathering velocity should be given first.But it cannot reflect the change of velocity in layers,and it is inapplicable to the areas where weathering velocity changes severely or there is speed ??reversal.Tomographic inversion static correction is more complicated than refraction static correction in algorithm,which is applicable to the areas where weathering velocity changes severely or there is large surface relief.It can solve the problems that there is speed reversal and the speed and thickness both in vertical and horizontal change severely.But it may result in large computation,long time and multiple solutions.People often believe that the effect of tomographic inversion static correction is better than the effect of refraction static correction.It is not true.This paper has summarized applicable conditions,advantages and disadvantages of these two methods,and got satisfactory results based on actual data of low mountains and loess tableland areas.In low mountains areas,the effect of tomographic inversion static correction is better than the effect of refraction static correction because weathering velocity changes severely and there is large surface relief.However,in loess tableland areas,the effect of refraction static correction is almost the same as the effect of tomographic inversion static correction.It can't reflect the advantages of tomographic inversion static correction because the loess is thick,weathering velocity is stable and first arrival is clear in loess tableland areas.All of the above is proved from models and sections in this paper.So each technique must meet its applicable conditions to reflect its superiorities.Integrated application of static correction methods is effective to solve the complex surface static correction problems.
tructure is an important controlling factor for any type of reservoirs,which is closely related to static correction of seismic data processing.So people are increasingly concerned about the long-wavelength static correction.Refraction static correction and tomographic inversion static correction are commonly used in seismic data processing.Refraction static correction requires stable refraction layers in the near-surface areas,the speed and thickness both in vertical and horizontal couldn't change severely,and weathering velocity should be given first.But it cannot reflect the change of velocity in layers,and it is inapplicable to the areas where weathering velocity changes severely or there is speed ??reversal.Tomographic inversion static correction is more complicated than refraction static correction in algorithm,which is applicable to the areas where weathering velocity changes severely or there is large surface relief.It can solve the problems that there is speed reversal and the speed and thickness both in vertical and horizontal change severely.But it may result in large computation,long time and multiple solutions.People often believe that the effect of tomographic inversion static correction is better than the effect of refraction static correction.It is not true.This paper has summarized applicable conditions,advantages and disadvantages of these two methods,and got satisfactory results based on actual data of low mountains and loess tableland areas.In low mountains areas,the effect of tomographic inversion static correction is better than the effect of refraction static correction because weathering velocity changes severely and there is large surface relief.However,in loess tableland areas,the effect of refraction static correction is almost the same as the effect of tomographic inversion static correction.It can't reflect the advantages of tomographic inversion static correction because the loess is thick,weathering velocity is stable and first arrival is clear in loess tableland areas.All of the above is proved from models and sections in this paper.So each technique must meet its applicable conditions to reflect its superiorities.Integrated application of static correction methods is effective to solve the complex surface static correction problems.
引文
[1]林依华,张中杰,尹成,等.复杂地形条件下静校正的综合寻优[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):101-106.Lin Y H,Zhang Z J,Yin C,et al.Hybrid optimization of staticestimation in complex topography[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2003,46(1):101-106.
[2]熊翥.地震数据数字处理应用技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[3]王建立,王真理,敬朋贵,等.川东北复杂山地三维静校正应用及实例分析[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2):555-561.Wang J L,Wang Z L,Jing P G,et al.A statics solution in CBDhilly areas[J].Progress in Geophysics.(in Chinese),2010,25(2):555-561.
[4]林伯香,孙晶梅,徐颖,等.几种常用静校正方法的讨论[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):367-372.Lin B X,Sun J M,Xu Y,et al.Static correction approachesbeing frequently applied[J].Geophysical Processing forPetroleum,2006,45(4):367-372.
[5]杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱,等.三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1232-1240.Yang K,Cheng J B,Liu Y Z,et al.A study on the applicationof the 3-D wave-equation-datuming[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1232-1240.
[6]赵军才,李铮,崔喜风,等.塔中沙漠区地震资料静校正和去噪[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2):123-127.Zhao J C,Li Z,Cui X F,et al.Static correction and denoise ofTa-zhong desert area[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(2):123-127.
[7]朱卫红,郑伟建,金晓雷.折射静校正在三维地震资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,1999,38(3):39-44.Zhu W H,Zheng W J,Jin X L.Application of refraction staticcorrections in the 3Dseismic data processing[J].GeophysicalProcessing for Petroleum,1999,38(3):39-44.
[8]尹喜玲,石战结,田钢.近地表低降速带地震波传播规律初探[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):398-407.Yi X L,Shi Z J,Tian G.Study on transmittable laws of seismicwaves in unconsolidated layers[J].Progress in Geophysics.(inChinese),2009,24(2):398-407.
[9]潘树林,高磊,吴波,等.初至叠加法在宣汉地区转换波静校正中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(3):932-938.Pan S L,Gao L,Wu B,et al.Application on the superpositionmethod of the first arrival in P-SV static correction in theXuanhan area[J].Progress in Geophysics.(in Chinese),2010,25(3):932-938.
[10]丁国荣.静校正在准噶尔盆地三维地震数据处理中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(5):424-425.Ding G R.Application of static corrections in 3Dseismic dataprocessing of Zhungaer basin[J].Xinjiang PetroleumGeology,2001,22(5):424-425.
[11]夏显佰,夏代学,贾明辰.夏盐南三维静校正方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):188-190.Xia X B,Xia D X,Xia M C.Static correction method of 3DinXiayan-South[J].Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,2004,43(2):188-190.
[12]刘伊克,常旭,王辉.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):272-278.Liu Y K,Chang X,Wang H.Near surface velocity estimation&seismic tomography static in the 3Dcomplex topographyarea[J].Chinese J.Geophysics.(in Chinese),2001,44(2):272-278.
[13]常旭,卢孟夏,刘伊克.地震层析成像反演中3种广义解的误差分析与评价[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(5):695-702.Chang X,Lu M X,Liu Y K.Error analysis appraisement ofthree generalized results in the seismic imaging oftomographic inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophysics.(inChinese),1999,42(5):695-702.
[14]井西利,杨长春.求解地震静校正问题的双尺度反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1460-1466.Jing X L,Yang C C.A dual scale inversion algorithm for surface consistent statics[J].Chinese J.Geophysics.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1460-1466.
[15]王进海,熊民生.模型法静校正在黄土塬地区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(增刊1):48-50.Wang J H,Xiong M S.Application of static corrections of the model method in the loess area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting.(in Chinese),1995,30(supplement1):48-50.
[16]王西文,徐凤银,冯云发,等.三湖地区地震资料处理中的静校正方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):572-580.Wang X W,Xu F Y,Feng Y F,et al.A study on the static correction method in seismic data processing of Sanhu area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting.(in Chinese),2007,42(5):572-580.
[17]Colin A Z,et al.3Dseismic refraction traveltime tomography at a groundwater contamination site[J].Geophysics,2006,71(5):1167-1178.
[18]杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱,等.三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1232-l240.Yang K,Cheng J B,Liu Y Z,et al.A study on the application of the3-D wave-equation-datuming[J].Chinese J.Geophysics.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1232-1240.
[19]张伟,皮金云,王彦春,等.模型约束三维折射静校正方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1468-1472.Zhang W,Pi J Y,Wang Y C,et al.A study of the mode1-constrained3-D refraction static correction method[J].Progress in Geophysics.(in Chinese),2009,24(4):1468-1472.
[20]杨海申,蒋先艺,高彦林,等.复杂区三维折射静校正技术与应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):219-225.Yang H S,Jiang X Y,Gao Y L,et al.3Drefraction statics technology and application in Complex areas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(2):022-522.
[21]尹奇峰,潘冬明,夏暖,等.基于模型正演的折射静校正方法研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(2):687-693.Yin Q F,Pan D M,Xia N,et al.Study and application of refraction static correction method based on forward modeling[J].Progress in Geophysics.(in Chinese),2011,26(2):687-693.
[22]李红.复杂地区静校正技术应用研究[J].安徽地质,2007,17(1):50-53.Li H.Study on the application of statics technology in complicated area[J].Geology of Anhui,2007,17(1):50-53.
[23]何光明,贺振华,黄德济,等.几种静校正方法的比较研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(4):310-314.He G M,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.The comparative study of several static correction methods[J].Computing techniques for geophysical and geochemical exploration,2006,28(4):310-314.
[24]韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):475-483.Han X L,Yang C C,Ma S H,et al.Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J].Progress in Geophysics.(in Chinese),2008,23(2):475-483.
[25]孙维昭,谷跃民,徐刚,等.高分辨率近地表速度模型重建及在静校正中应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1757-1762.Sun W Z,Gu Y M,Xu G,et al.Reconstruction of the high-resolution near surface velocity model and its application to the static correction under complex surface conditions[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(5):1757-1762.
[26]杨文军,段云卿,姜伟才,等.层析反演静校正[J].物探与化探,2005,29(1):41-43.Yang W J,Duan Y Q,Jiang W C,et al.Static correction of tomographic inversion[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2005,29(1):41-43.
[27]冯泽元,李培明,唐海忠,等.利用层析反演技术解决山地复杂区静校正问题[J].石油物探,2005,44(3):284-288.Feng Z Y,Li P M,Tang H Z,et al.Using tomographic inversion techniques to solve complex mountainous area statics problem[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,2005,44(3):284-288.
[2]熊翥.地震数据数字处理应用技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[3]王建立,王真理,敬朋贵,等.川东北复杂山地三维静校正应用及实例分析[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2):555-561.Wang J L,Wang Z L,Jing P G,et al.A statics solution in CBDhilly areas[J].Progress in Geophysics.(in Chinese),2010,25(2):555-561.
[4]林伯香,孙晶梅,徐颖,等.几种常用静校正方法的讨论[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):367-372.Lin B X,Sun J M,Xu Y,et al.Static correction approachesbeing frequently applied[J].Geophysical Processing forPetroleum,2006,45(4):367-372.
[5]杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱,等.三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1232-1240.Yang K,Cheng J B,Liu Y Z,et al.A study on the applicationof the 3-D wave-equation-datuming[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1232-1240.
[6]赵军才,李铮,崔喜风,等.塔中沙漠区地震资料静校正和去噪[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2):123-127.Zhao J C,Li Z,Cui X F,et al.Static correction and denoise ofTa-zhong desert area[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(2):123-127.
[7]朱卫红,郑伟建,金晓雷.折射静校正在三维地震资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,1999,38(3):39-44.Zhu W H,Zheng W J,Jin X L.Application of refraction staticcorrections in the 3Dseismic data processing[J].GeophysicalProcessing for Petroleum,1999,38(3):39-44.
[8]尹喜玲,石战结,田钢.近地表低降速带地震波传播规律初探[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):398-407.Yi X L,Shi Z J,Tian G.Study on transmittable laws of seismicwaves in unconsolidated layers[J].Progress in Geophysics.(inChinese),2009,24(2):398-407.
[9]潘树林,高磊,吴波,等.初至叠加法在宣汉地区转换波静校正中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(3):932-938.Pan S L,Gao L,Wu B,et al.Application on the superpositionmethod of the first arrival in P-SV static correction in theXuanhan area[J].Progress in Geophysics.(in Chinese),2010,25(3):932-938.
[10]丁国荣.静校正在准噶尔盆地三维地震数据处理中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(5):424-425.Ding G R.Application of static corrections in 3Dseismic dataprocessing of Zhungaer basin[J].Xinjiang PetroleumGeology,2001,22(5):424-425.
[11]夏显佰,夏代学,贾明辰.夏盐南三维静校正方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):188-190.Xia X B,Xia D X,Xia M C.Static correction method of 3DinXiayan-South[J].Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,2004,43(2):188-190.
[12]刘伊克,常旭,王辉.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):272-278.Liu Y K,Chang X,Wang H.Near surface velocity estimation&seismic tomography static in the 3Dcomplex topographyarea[J].Chinese J.Geophysics.(in Chinese),2001,44(2):272-278.
[13]常旭,卢孟夏,刘伊克.地震层析成像反演中3种广义解的误差分析与评价[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(5):695-702.Chang X,Lu M X,Liu Y K.Error analysis appraisement ofthree generalized results in the seismic imaging oftomographic inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophysics.(inChinese),1999,42(5):695-702.
[14]井西利,杨长春.求解地震静校正问题的双尺度反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1460-1466.Jing X L,Yang C C.A dual scale inversion algorithm for surface consistent statics[J].Chinese J.Geophysics.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1460-1466.
[15]王进海,熊民生.模型法静校正在黄土塬地区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(增刊1):48-50.Wang J H,Xiong M S.Application of static corrections of the model method in the loess area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting.(in Chinese),1995,30(supplement1):48-50.
[16]王西文,徐凤银,冯云发,等.三湖地区地震资料处理中的静校正方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):572-580.Wang X W,Xu F Y,Feng Y F,et al.A study on the static correction method in seismic data processing of Sanhu area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting.(in Chinese),2007,42(5):572-580.
[17]Colin A Z,et al.3Dseismic refraction traveltime tomography at a groundwater contamination site[J].Geophysics,2006,71(5):1167-1178.
[18]杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱,等.三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1232-l240.Yang K,Cheng J B,Liu Y Z,et al.A study on the application of the3-D wave-equation-datuming[J].Chinese J.Geophysics.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1232-1240.
[19]张伟,皮金云,王彦春,等.模型约束三维折射静校正方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1468-1472.Zhang W,Pi J Y,Wang Y C,et al.A study of the mode1-constrained3-D refraction static correction method[J].Progress in Geophysics.(in Chinese),2009,24(4):1468-1472.
[20]杨海申,蒋先艺,高彦林,等.复杂区三维折射静校正技术与应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):219-225.Yang H S,Jiang X Y,Gao Y L,et al.3Drefraction statics technology and application in Complex areas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(2):022-522.
[21]尹奇峰,潘冬明,夏暖,等.基于模型正演的折射静校正方法研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(2):687-693.Yin Q F,Pan D M,Xia N,et al.Study and application of refraction static correction method based on forward modeling[J].Progress in Geophysics.(in Chinese),2011,26(2):687-693.
[22]李红.复杂地区静校正技术应用研究[J].安徽地质,2007,17(1):50-53.Li H.Study on the application of statics technology in complicated area[J].Geology of Anhui,2007,17(1):50-53.
[23]何光明,贺振华,黄德济,等.几种静校正方法的比较研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(4):310-314.He G M,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.The comparative study of several static correction methods[J].Computing techniques for geophysical and geochemical exploration,2006,28(4):310-314.
[24]韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):475-483.Han X L,Yang C C,Ma S H,et al.Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J].Progress in Geophysics.(in Chinese),2008,23(2):475-483.
[25]孙维昭,谷跃民,徐刚,等.高分辨率近地表速度模型重建及在静校正中应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1757-1762.Sun W Z,Gu Y M,Xu G,et al.Reconstruction of the high-resolution near surface velocity model and its application to the static correction under complex surface conditions[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(5):1757-1762.
[26]杨文军,段云卿,姜伟才,等.层析反演静校正[J].物探与化探,2005,29(1):41-43.Yang W J,Duan Y Q,Jiang W C,et al.Static correction of tomographic inversion[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2005,29(1):41-43.
[27]冯泽元,李培明,唐海忠,等.利用层析反演技术解决山地复杂区静校正问题[J].石油物探,2005,44(3):284-288.Feng Z Y,Li P M,Tang H Z,et al.Using tomographic inversion techniques to solve complex mountainous area statics problem[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,2005,44(3):284-288.
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