四川龙泉山断裂带变形特征及其活动性初步研究
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摘要
文中通过野外调查和地震反射剖面研究,获取了龙泉山断裂带的变形特征。龙泉山断裂带主逆冲断层位于龙泉山背斜的西翼,具有明显的分段性特征,北段与南段断层面倾向NW,断续分布;中段断层面倾向SE,形成典型的断层传播褶皱,并且断层已经沿背斜前翼膝折带的轴突破,形成贯通的突破断层。因此,中段构成了龙泉山断裂的主体。地貌对断裂活动性的响应表明龙泉山断裂早更新世—晚更新世有过一定的活动,晚更新世以来活动速率较低,且活动性具有从南向北逐渐减弱的趋势。
Based on the field work and seismic reflection profiling data,the paper investigates the deformation characteristics of the Longquanshan Fault zone.The main thrust fault of the Longquanshan Fault belt lies in the west of the Longquanshan anticline and has different properties from northeast to southwest.In the north segment and south segment of the Longquanshan Fault,the plane of fault dips to northwest and is uncontinuous,but in the middle segment,the plane of fault dips to southeast and is continuous.Therefore,the middle part of the fault is the main segment of the Longquanshan Fault.Structural geometries of the middle segment of the fault suggest classical fault-propagation folding and the fault ruptured along different axial directions.Historical earthquakes and geomorphological response to activity of the Longquanshan Fault indicate that the fault was active from the early Pleistocene to late Pleistocene,and its activity is weak since the late Pleistocene,and gradually decreases from south to north.
Based on the field work and seismic reflection profiling data,the paper investigates the deformation characteristics of the Longquanshan Fault zone.The main thrust fault of the Longquanshan Fault belt lies in the west of the Longquanshan anticline and has different properties from northeast to southwest.In the north segment and south segment of the Longquanshan Fault,the plane of fault dips to northwest and is uncontinuous,but in the middle segment,the plane of fault dips to southeast and is continuous.Therefore,the middle part of the fault is the main segment of the Longquanshan Fault.Structural geometries of the middle segment of the fault suggest classical fault-propagation folding and the fault ruptured along different axial directions.Historical earthquakes and geomorphological response to activity of the Longquanshan Fault indicate that the fault was active from the early Pleistocene to late Pleistocene,and its activity is weak since the late Pleistocene,and gradually decreases from south to north.
引文
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徐锡伟,张培震,闻学泽,等.2005.川西及其邻近地区活动构造基本特征与强震复发模型[J].地震地质,27(3):446—461.XU Xi-wei,ZHANG Pei-zhen,WEN Xue-ze,et al.2005.Characteristics of active tectonics and models of earthquakerecurrence in western Sichuan[J].Seismology and Geology,27(3):446—461(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻学泽,陈桂华,等.2008.巴颜喀拉地块东部龙日坝断裂带的发现及其大地构造意义[J].中国科学(D辑),38(5):529—542.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,CHEN Gui-hua,et al.2008.Discovery of the Longriba Faults,eastern part of the Bayankelatectonic block and its geodynamic implications[J].Science in China(ser D),38(5):529—542(in Chinese).
许志琴,李化启,侯立炜,等.2007.青藏高原东缘龙门-锦屏造山带的崛起:大型拆离断层和挤出机制[J].地质通报,26(10):1262—1276.XU Zhi-qin,LI Hua-qi,HOULi-wei,et al.2007.Uplift of the Longmen-Jinping orogenic belt along the eastern marginof the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Large-scale detachment faulting and extrusion mechanism[J].Geological Bulletinof China,26(10):1262—1276(in Chinese).
张国伟,郭安林,姚安平.2004.中国大陆构造中的西秦岭-松潘大陆构造结[J].地学前缘,11(3):23—32.ZHANG Guo-wei,GUO An-lin,YAO An-ping.2004.Western Qingling-Songpan continental tectonic node in China scontinental tectonics[J].Earth Science Frontiers,11(3):23—32(in Chinese).
张家声,李燕,韩竹均.2003.青藏高原向东挤出的变形响应及南北地震带构造组成[J].地学前缘,10(特刊):23—32.ZHANG Jia-sheng,LI Yan,HAN Zhu-jun.2003.Deformation responses to eastwards escaping of the Qinghai-TibetPlateau and tectonics of the south-north seismic zones in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(suppl):23—32(in Chinese).
张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,51(4):1066—1072.ZHANG Pei-zhen,XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,et al.2008.Slip rate and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan activefault zone,and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May12Wenchuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(4):1066—1072(in Chinese).
赵小麟,邓起东,陈社发.1994.岷山隆起的构造地貌学研究[J].地震地质,16(4):429—439.ZHAO Xiao-lin,DENG Qi-dong,CHEN She-fa.1994.Tectonic geomorphology of the Minshan uplift in western Si-chuan,southwestern China[J].Seismology and Geology,16(4):429—439(in Chinese).
Burchfiel B C,Chen Z,Liu Y,et al.1995.Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and adjacent regions,central China[J].In-ternational Geology Review,37(8):661—738.
Dewey J F and Burke K C.1973.Tibetan,Variscan and Precambrian basement reactivation:products of continentalcollision[J].Journal of Geology,81:683—692.
Jia D,Wei G Q,Chen Z X,et al.2006.Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt and its relation to the western Sichuan Basin incentral China:New insights from hydrocarbon exploration[J].AAPG Bulletin,90(9):1425—1447.
Kirby E,Whipple K X,Burchfiel B C,et al.2000.Neotectonics of the Min Shan,China:Implications for mechanismsdriving Quaternary deformation along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].GSA Bulletin,112(3):375—393.
Li Y,Allen P A,Densmore A L,et al.2003.Evolution of the Longmenshan foreland basin(Western Sichuan,China)during the Late Triassic Indosinian Orogeny[J].Basin Research,15:117—138.
Mitra S.1990.Fault-propagation folds:geometry,kinematic evolution,and hydrocarbon traps[J].AAPG Bulletin,74:921—945.
Parsons T,Ji C,Kirby E.2008.Stress changes from the2008Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Si-chuan Basin[J].Nature,454:509—510.
Suppe J,Medwedeff D.1990.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding[J].Eclogae Geologicae Helveti-ae,83(3):409—454.
Wallis S,Tsujimori T,Aoya M,et al.2003.Cenozoic and Mesozoic metamorphism in the Longmenshan orogen:Impli-cations for geodynamic models of eastern Tibet[J].Geology,31(9):745—748.
Zhang P Z,Shen Z K,Wang M,et al.2004.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from Global Positioning Sys-tem data[J].Geology,32(9):809—812.
陈社发,邓起东,赵小麟,等.1994.龙门山中段推覆构造带及相关构造的演化和变形机制[J].地震地质,16(4):404—421.CHEN She-fa,DENG Qi-dong,ZHAO Xiao-lin,et al.1994.Evolutionary history and deformation mechanism of centralLongmenshan thrust-nappes and related tectonics[J].Seismology and Geology,16(4):404—421(in Chinese).
邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.1994.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,16(4):392—394.DENG Qi-dong,CHEN She-fa,ZHAO Xiao-lin.1994.Tectonics,seismicity and dynamics of Longmenshan Mountainsand its adjacent regions[J].Seismology and Geology,16(4):392—394(in Chinese).
高玄余,李勇.2008.岷江中游河流下蚀速率的研究[J].水土保持通报,28(1):39—45.GAO Xuan-yu,LI Yong.2008.Study of incision rate in the middle reaches of Minjiang River[J].Bulletin of Soil andWater Conservation,28(1):39—45(in Chinese).
黄祖智,唐荣昌.1995.龙泉山活动断裂带及其潜在地震能力的探讨[J].四川地震,(1):18—22.HUANG Zu-zhi,TANG Rong-chang.1995.The Longquanshan Fault zone and exploration of potential earthquake ability[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,(1):18—22(in Chinese).
李勇,曹叔尤,周荣军,等.2005.晚新生代岷江下蚀速率及其对青藏高原东缘山脉隆升机制和形成时限的定量约束[J].地质学报,79(1):28—36.LI Yong,CAO Shu-you,ZHOURong-jun,et al.2005.Late Cenozoic Minjiang incision rate and its constraint on the up-lift of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,79(1):28—36(in Chinese).
李勇,黎兵,Steffen D,等.2006.青藏高原东缘晚新生代成都盆地物源分析与水系演化[J].沉积学报,24(3):309—319.LI Yong,LI Bing,Steffen D,et al.2006.Provenance analysis and drainage evolution in Late Cenozoic Chendu Basin oneastern margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Sedmentologica Sinica,24(3):309—319(in Chinese).
刘树根,罗立志,赵锡奎,等.2003.龙门山造山带-川西前陆盆地系统形成的动力学模型及模拟研究[J].石油实验地质,25(5):432—438.LIU Shu-gen,LUO Li-zhi,ZHAO Xi-kui,et al.2003.Study on the dynamic mode and its simulation in the formation ofLongmen Mountain-West Sichuan foreland basin system[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,25(5):432—438(in Chinese).
冉勇康,陈立春,陈桂华,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震发震断裂大地震原地重复现象初析[J].地震地质,30(3):630—642.RAN Yong-kang,CHEN Li-chun,CHEN Gui-hua,et al.2008.Primary analysis of in-situ recurrence of large earth-quake along seismogenic fault of theMS8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):630—642(in Chinese).
徐水森,任寰,宋杰.2006.龙泉山断裂带地震活动性浅析[J].四川地震,119(2):22—28.XU Shui-sen,REN Huan,SONG Jie.2006.Primary study on the seismicity along the faults of Longquanshan[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,119(2):22—28(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,张培震,闻学泽,等.2005.川西及其邻近地区活动构造基本特征与强震复发模型[J].地震地质,27(3):446—461.XU Xi-wei,ZHANG Pei-zhen,WEN Xue-ze,et al.2005.Characteristics of active tectonics and models of earthquakerecurrence in western Sichuan[J].Seismology and Geology,27(3):446—461(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻学泽,陈桂华,等.2008.巴颜喀拉地块东部龙日坝断裂带的发现及其大地构造意义[J].中国科学(D辑),38(5):529—542.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,CHEN Gui-hua,et al.2008.Discovery of the Longriba Faults,eastern part of the Bayankelatectonic block and its geodynamic implications[J].Science in China(ser D),38(5):529—542(in Chinese).
许志琴,李化启,侯立炜,等.2007.青藏高原东缘龙门-锦屏造山带的崛起:大型拆离断层和挤出机制[J].地质通报,26(10):1262—1276.XU Zhi-qin,LI Hua-qi,HOULi-wei,et al.2007.Uplift of the Longmen-Jinping orogenic belt along the eastern marginof the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Large-scale detachment faulting and extrusion mechanism[J].Geological Bulletinof China,26(10):1262—1276(in Chinese).
张国伟,郭安林,姚安平.2004.中国大陆构造中的西秦岭-松潘大陆构造结[J].地学前缘,11(3):23—32.ZHANG Guo-wei,GUO An-lin,YAO An-ping.2004.Western Qingling-Songpan continental tectonic node in China scontinental tectonics[J].Earth Science Frontiers,11(3):23—32(in Chinese).
张家声,李燕,韩竹均.2003.青藏高原向东挤出的变形响应及南北地震带构造组成[J].地学前缘,10(特刊):23—32.ZHANG Jia-sheng,LI Yan,HAN Zhu-jun.2003.Deformation responses to eastwards escaping of the Qinghai-TibetPlateau and tectonics of the south-north seismic zones in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(suppl):23—32(in Chinese).
张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,51(4):1066—1072.ZHANG Pei-zhen,XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,et al.2008.Slip rate and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan activefault zone,and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May12Wenchuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(4):1066—1072(in Chinese).
赵小麟,邓起东,陈社发.1994.岷山隆起的构造地貌学研究[J].地震地质,16(4):429—439.ZHAO Xiao-lin,DENG Qi-dong,CHEN She-fa.1994.Tectonic geomorphology of the Minshan uplift in western Si-chuan,southwestern China[J].Seismology and Geology,16(4):429—439(in Chinese).
Burchfiel B C,Chen Z,Liu Y,et al.1995.Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and adjacent regions,central China[J].In-ternational Geology Review,37(8):661—738.
Dewey J F and Burke K C.1973.Tibetan,Variscan and Precambrian basement reactivation:products of continentalcollision[J].Journal of Geology,81:683—692.
Jia D,Wei G Q,Chen Z X,et al.2006.Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt and its relation to the western Sichuan Basin incentral China:New insights from hydrocarbon exploration[J].AAPG Bulletin,90(9):1425—1447.
Kirby E,Whipple K X,Burchfiel B C,et al.2000.Neotectonics of the Min Shan,China:Implications for mechanismsdriving Quaternary deformation along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].GSA Bulletin,112(3):375—393.
Li Y,Allen P A,Densmore A L,et al.2003.Evolution of the Longmenshan foreland basin(Western Sichuan,China)during the Late Triassic Indosinian Orogeny[J].Basin Research,15:117—138.
Mitra S.1990.Fault-propagation folds:geometry,kinematic evolution,and hydrocarbon traps[J].AAPG Bulletin,74:921—945.
Parsons T,Ji C,Kirby E.2008.Stress changes from the2008Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Si-chuan Basin[J].Nature,454:509—510.
Suppe J,Medwedeff D.1990.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding[J].Eclogae Geologicae Helveti-ae,83(3):409—454.
Wallis S,Tsujimori T,Aoya M,et al.2003.Cenozoic and Mesozoic metamorphism in the Longmenshan orogen:Impli-cations for geodynamic models of eastern Tibet[J].Geology,31(9):745—748.
Zhang P Z,Shen Z K,Wang M,et al.2004.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from Global Positioning Sys-tem data[J].Geology,32(9):809—812.
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