基于震源机制且考虑场地土分层差异效应的多点地震动:理论与程序开发
摘要
结合前人工作,首先形成了适用于我国目标场地的基于震源机制,且考虑局部场地效应的地表多点地震动具体生成途径,包括:(1)依据随机振动理论建立能够反映包含多个土层在内的局部场地整体过滤效应的传递函数,(2)基于本文作者改进的过滤函数而得到的适用于我国目标场地的基岩谱,进而通过分区建立局部场地的整体传递函数以反映不同场地土之间的差异性,(3)在前人工作基础上考虑了场地的非平坦性因素,(4)为了程序编制方便,给出了多土层过滤后相位角变化的显示表达式;然后,依据上述理论框架成功实现了程序MEMSV2011.6(Multi-support Earthquake Motions Simulation Version 2011.6)的编制和可视化运行,该程序可直接生成界面图形并输出数据文件,具体功能包括:设置震源参数、分区输入土层参数、计算并显示土层传递函数、设定非平稳参数、调控频率、生成多点地震动时程、验证多点地震动间的相干性以及拟合规范(桥梁、建筑和电力设施)反应谱等;最后,以一桥梁土层为算例,利用该程序生成了目标场地基于震源机制的地表多点地震动,并分析了地表地震动对场地土和震中距因素的敏感性。本文内容具有坚实理论基础和实用性,可直接为工程提供参考。
In this paper,a framework for generating multi-point earthquake motion of target filed in China,basing on focal mechanism and taking account of the spatial variability of soil properties,is given and proposed.The main contents include:(1) the transfer function of site including multiple soil layers is established based on random vibration theory,(2) based on the improved bedrock spectrum applicable to the target site in China,the variability among different site condition is reflected by establishing the transfer function of local site,(3) non-flat factor of site surface is considered on the basis of previous literature,(4) explicit expression phase-angle change by the filtration of multiple soil layers is also given for the convenience of the subsequent program code.Then,according to the theory framework,the visual program MEMS V2011.6(Multi-support Earthquake Motions Simulation Version 2011.6) is developed and run successfully.The specific functions of the program involves the focal parameters assignment,inputting soil parameters,calculating and displaying transfer function of site soil with multi-layer,adjusting non-stationary parameters and frequency,generating multi-point earthquake motion histories,verifying the coherence of spatial seismic motions,fitting code-specified spectrum for bridge,building and electronic facility.In addition,based on a bridge example,the multi-point seismic motions of the target field are generated using the program MEMS V2011.6,and the sensibility analysis of the generated ground motions to local site effect and epicentral distance is analyzed as well.The content in this paper involve theory and practicability,and can provide directly reference for engineering.
In this paper,a framework for generating multi-point earthquake motion of target filed in China,basing on focal mechanism and taking account of the spatial variability of soil properties,is given and proposed.The main contents include:(1) the transfer function of site including multiple soil layers is established based on random vibration theory,(2) based on the improved bedrock spectrum applicable to the target site in China,the variability among different site condition is reflected by establishing the transfer function of local site,(3) non-flat factor of site surface is considered on the basis of previous literature,(4) explicit expression phase-angle change by the filtration of multiple soil layers is also given for the convenience of the subsequent program code.Then,according to the theory framework,the visual program MEMS V2011.6(Multi-support Earthquake Motions Simulation Version 2011.6) is developed and run successfully.The specific functions of the program involves the focal parameters assignment,inputting soil parameters,calculating and displaying transfer function of site soil with multi-layer,adjusting non-stationary parameters and frequency,generating multi-point earthquake motion histories,verifying the coherence of spatial seismic motions,fitting code-specified spectrum for bridge,building and electronic facility.In addition,based on a bridge example,the multi-point seismic motions of the target field are generated using the program MEMS V2011.6,and the sensibility analysis of the generated ground motions to local site effect and epicentral distance is analyzed as well.The content in this paper involve theory and practicability,and can provide directly reference for engineering.
引文
[1]Brune J N.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismicshear waves from Earthquakes[J].Journal of Geo-physical Research,1970,75(26):4997-5009.
[2]Brune J N.Correction[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1971,76(20):5002.
[3]Atkinson G M.Earthquake source spectra in easternNorth America[J].Bulletin of Seismological Societyof America,1993,83(6):1778-1798.
[4]Atkinson G M,BOORE D M.Ground-motion rela-tions for eastern North America[J].Bulletin of Seis-mological Society of America,1995,85(1):17-30.
[5]Masuda T.Scaling Relations for Source Parameters ofMicroearthquakes in the Northeastern Part of Japan[D].Tohoku University,Senda City,Japan,1982.
[6]王国新.强震地震动衰减研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2001.(WANG Guo-xin.A Studyon Strong Ground Motion Attenuation[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics of China Seismo-logical Bureau,2001.(in Chinese))
[7]Hao H,Gaull B A.Prediction of seismic ground mo-tion in Perth Western Australia for engineering appli-cation[A].Proceedings of the 13th World Conferenceon Earthquake Engineering[C].Vancouver,Canada,August 2004,1892.
[8]Atkinson G M.Earthquake source spectra in easternNorth America[J].Bulletin of Seismological Societyof America,1993,83(6):1778-1798.
[9]柳国环,陆新征.基岩地震谱与地震动位移输入的土-结构相互作用(SSI)计算模型改进[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(5):884-892.(LIU Guo-huan,LUXin-zheng.Spectra of bedrock earthquake motion andimprovement of soil-structure interaction(SSI)calcu-lation model for seismic displacement inputting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2011,30(5):884-892.(in Chinese))
[10]Safak E.Discrete-time analysis of seismic site amplifi-cation[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE,1995,121(7):801-809.
[11]Hao H,Chouw N.Modelling of earthquake groundmotion spatial variation on uneven sites with varyingsoil conditions[A].The Ninth International Symposi-um on Structural Engineering for Young Experts[C].August:18-21,2006,Fuzhou,Xiamen,China.
[12]柳国环,李宏男,田利.九江长江大桥在多点多维地震激励下的反应分析[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(9):204-209.(LIU Guo-huan,LI Hong-nan,TIAN Li.Response analysis of JIUJING Yangtze River high-way bridge under spatially variable earthquake groundmotions[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(9):204-209.(in Chinese))
[13]田玉基,杨庆山.地震地面运动作用下结构反应的分析模型[J].工程力学,2005,22(6):170-174.(TIANYu-ji,YANG Qing-shan.Analysis models and meth-ods for structural seismic responses[J].EngineeringMechanics,2005,22(6):170-174.(in chinese))
[14]柳国环,李宏男,林海.结构地震响应计算模型的比较与分析[J].工程力学,2009,26(2):10-15.(LIUGuo-huan,LI Hong-nan,LIN Hai.Model comparisonand analysis for structural seismic responses[J].En-gineering Mechanics,2009,26(2):10-15.(in Chi-nese))
[15]柳国环,李宏男,国巍.求解结构地震响应位移输入模型存在的问题及其AMCE实效对策[J].计算力学学报,2009,26(6):862-869.(LIU Guo-huan,LIHong-nan,GUO Wei.Existing problem of displace-ment input model for calculating structural responsesunder earthquake ground motion and its an actual ef-fective solution method called AMCE[J].ChineseJournal of Computational Mechanics,2009,26(6):862-869.(in Chinese))
[16]柳国环,李宏男,国巍,等.求解结构地震响应位移输入模型中存在问题的一种新解决方法[J].工程力学,2010,27(9):55-62.(LIU Guo-huan,LI Hong-nan,GUO Wei,et al.A new method for solving exist-ing problem of current displacement input model forcalculating structural seismic responses[J].Engi-neering Mechanics,2010,27(9):55-62.(in Chinese))
[17]重庆交通科研设计院.《公路桥梁抗震设计细则》(JTG/T B02-01-2008)[S].人民交通出版社,2008.(Chongqing Communications Research and Design In-stitute.Guidelines for Seismic Design of HighwayBridges(JTG/T B02-01-2008)[S].Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[18]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2010)[S].中国建筑工业出版社,2010.(Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Devel-opment of the People's Republic of China.Code forSeismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011-2010)[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2010.(in Chinese))
[19]中华人民共和国电力工业部.《电力设施抗震设计规范》(GB50260-96)[S].中国计划出版社,1996.(Min-istry of Power Industry of the People's Republic ofChina.Code for Design of Seismic of Electrical Instal-lations(GB 50260-96)[S].Beijing:China PlanningPress,1996.(in Chinese))
[20]田利,李宏男.基于《电力设施抗震设计规范》的地震动随机模型参数研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(1):18-22.(TIAN Li,LI Hong-nan.Parame-ter study on seismic random model based on code fordesign of seismic of electrical installation[J].Journalof Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(1):18-22.(in Chinese))
[21]黄少鹏.我国大陆地区大地热流与地壳厚度的变化[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(4):441-450.(HUANGShao-peng.Variations of heat flow and crustal thick-ness in the continental area of China[J].Acta Geo-physica Sinica,1992,35(4):441-450.(in Chinese))
[2]Brune J N.Correction[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1971,76(20):5002.
[3]Atkinson G M.Earthquake source spectra in easternNorth America[J].Bulletin of Seismological Societyof America,1993,83(6):1778-1798.
[4]Atkinson G M,BOORE D M.Ground-motion rela-tions for eastern North America[J].Bulletin of Seis-mological Society of America,1995,85(1):17-30.
[5]Masuda T.Scaling Relations for Source Parameters ofMicroearthquakes in the Northeastern Part of Japan[D].Tohoku University,Senda City,Japan,1982.
[6]王国新.强震地震动衰减研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2001.(WANG Guo-xin.A Studyon Strong Ground Motion Attenuation[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics of China Seismo-logical Bureau,2001.(in Chinese))
[7]Hao H,Gaull B A.Prediction of seismic ground mo-tion in Perth Western Australia for engineering appli-cation[A].Proceedings of the 13th World Conferenceon Earthquake Engineering[C].Vancouver,Canada,August 2004,1892.
[8]Atkinson G M.Earthquake source spectra in easternNorth America[J].Bulletin of Seismological Societyof America,1993,83(6):1778-1798.
[9]柳国环,陆新征.基岩地震谱与地震动位移输入的土-结构相互作用(SSI)计算模型改进[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(5):884-892.(LIU Guo-huan,LUXin-zheng.Spectra of bedrock earthquake motion andimprovement of soil-structure interaction(SSI)calcu-lation model for seismic displacement inputting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2011,30(5):884-892.(in Chinese))
[10]Safak E.Discrete-time analysis of seismic site amplifi-cation[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE,1995,121(7):801-809.
[11]Hao H,Chouw N.Modelling of earthquake groundmotion spatial variation on uneven sites with varyingsoil conditions[A].The Ninth International Symposi-um on Structural Engineering for Young Experts[C].August:18-21,2006,Fuzhou,Xiamen,China.
[12]柳国环,李宏男,田利.九江长江大桥在多点多维地震激励下的反应分析[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(9):204-209.(LIU Guo-huan,LI Hong-nan,TIAN Li.Response analysis of JIUJING Yangtze River high-way bridge under spatially variable earthquake groundmotions[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(9):204-209.(in Chinese))
[13]田玉基,杨庆山.地震地面运动作用下结构反应的分析模型[J].工程力学,2005,22(6):170-174.(TIANYu-ji,YANG Qing-shan.Analysis models and meth-ods for structural seismic responses[J].EngineeringMechanics,2005,22(6):170-174.(in chinese))
[14]柳国环,李宏男,林海.结构地震响应计算模型的比较与分析[J].工程力学,2009,26(2):10-15.(LIUGuo-huan,LI Hong-nan,LIN Hai.Model comparisonand analysis for structural seismic responses[J].En-gineering Mechanics,2009,26(2):10-15.(in Chi-nese))
[15]柳国环,李宏男,国巍.求解结构地震响应位移输入模型存在的问题及其AMCE实效对策[J].计算力学学报,2009,26(6):862-869.(LIU Guo-huan,LIHong-nan,GUO Wei.Existing problem of displace-ment input model for calculating structural responsesunder earthquake ground motion and its an actual ef-fective solution method called AMCE[J].ChineseJournal of Computational Mechanics,2009,26(6):862-869.(in Chinese))
[16]柳国环,李宏男,国巍,等.求解结构地震响应位移输入模型中存在问题的一种新解决方法[J].工程力学,2010,27(9):55-62.(LIU Guo-huan,LI Hong-nan,GUO Wei,et al.A new method for solving exist-ing problem of current displacement input model forcalculating structural seismic responses[J].Engi-neering Mechanics,2010,27(9):55-62.(in Chinese))
[17]重庆交通科研设计院.《公路桥梁抗震设计细则》(JTG/T B02-01-2008)[S].人民交通出版社,2008.(Chongqing Communications Research and Design In-stitute.Guidelines for Seismic Design of HighwayBridges(JTG/T B02-01-2008)[S].Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[18]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2010)[S].中国建筑工业出版社,2010.(Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Devel-opment of the People's Republic of China.Code forSeismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011-2010)[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2010.(in Chinese))
[19]中华人民共和国电力工业部.《电力设施抗震设计规范》(GB50260-96)[S].中国计划出版社,1996.(Min-istry of Power Industry of the People's Republic ofChina.Code for Design of Seismic of Electrical Instal-lations(GB 50260-96)[S].Beijing:China PlanningPress,1996.(in Chinese))
[20]田利,李宏男.基于《电力设施抗震设计规范》的地震动随机模型参数研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(1):18-22.(TIAN Li,LI Hong-nan.Parame-ter study on seismic random model based on code fordesign of seismic of electrical installation[J].Journalof Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(1):18-22.(in Chinese))
[21]黄少鹏.我国大陆地区大地热流与地壳厚度的变化[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(4):441-450.(HUANGShao-peng.Variations of heat flow and crustal thick-ness in the continental area of China[J].Acta Geo-physica Sinica,1992,35(4):441-450.(in Chinese))
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