四川盆地及邻区晚震旦世古地理与构造—沉积环境演化
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摘要
利用最新的地震资料、探井资料及区域地质资料等,结合前人的研究成果,建立四川盆地及邻区晚震旦世区域地层格架,编制晚震旦世各沉积时期构造—沉积环境图,并探讨构造—沉积演化过程。研究认为,四川盆地及邻区晚震旦世构造—沉积环境展布受基底构造限制,并具一定继承性。晚震旦世开始大规模的碳酸盐岩台地沉积,整体来看自西向东海域环境由浅变深,由古陆过渡至碳酸盐岩台地、向东至台地边缘—斜坡沉积泥质岩,至深水盆地相沉积硅质岩,各相带总体呈南西—北东走向。上震旦统灯影组一段 ( 简称灯一段) 沉积时期—灯二段沉积中期为填平补齐沉积充填过程; 灯二段沉积时期末—灯三段沉积期在克拉通内拗陷盆地基础上初步形成了平缓的克拉通内部隆起; 灯四段沉积时期伴随着海平面的下降,碳酸盐岩台地边界整体向东迁移。灯二、灯四段沉积时期末受桐湾运动两期抬升的影响,川中部分地区形成岩溶不整合面,盆地西部灯三、灯四段遭受强烈剥蚀。灯影组是四川盆地及邻区重要的油气储集层。
With the newly seismic data,drilling,regional geological data and the basis of previous studies,this paper establishes a district sequence stratigraphic framework of the Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas.The tectonic-depositional environment maps of the Late Sinian are compiled and the tectonic-depositional evolution history is studied.The tectonic-depositional environment is controlled by the structure of basement with inheritance.A large-scale carbonate platform deposition started at the Late Sinian.From west to east,the sea level changed from shallow to deep,with the sediments changing from mudstones of residual land, carbonate platform and platform margin-slope eastwards, to sedimentary siliceous rock of deep water basin.The strike of each facies belt is generally from southwest to northeast.During the depositional stage between the sedimentary periods of the Member 1 and the middle of Member 2 of Dengying Formation of Upper Sinian,this area was filled up by sediments.The flattened intracratonic uplift was forming on the intracrationic basin during the depositional periods between the end of Member 2 and the Member 3 of Dengying Formation.And during the Member 4 of Dengying Formation,the platform boundary moved eastward with the decline of the sea level.Affected by two periods of Tongwan tectonic movement,some areas of central basin formed palaeokarst unconformity during the depositional periods of the Members 2 and 4 of Dengying Formation,and the Members 3 and 4 of Dengying Formation suffered a strong denudation in the western basin.The Dengying Formation is an important oil reservoir in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas.
With the newly seismic data,drilling,regional geological data and the basis of previous studies,this paper establishes a district sequence stratigraphic framework of the Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas.The tectonic-depositional environment maps of the Late Sinian are compiled and the tectonic-depositional evolution history is studied.The tectonic-depositional environment is controlled by the structure of basement with inheritance.A large-scale carbonate platform deposition started at the Late Sinian.From west to east,the sea level changed from shallow to deep,with the sediments changing from mudstones of residual land, carbonate platform and platform margin-slope eastwards, to sedimentary siliceous rock of deep water basin.The strike of each facies belt is generally from southwest to northeast.During the depositional stage between the sedimentary periods of the Member 1 and the middle of Member 2 of Dengying Formation of Upper Sinian,this area was filled up by sediments.The flattened intracratonic uplift was forming on the intracrationic basin during the depositional periods between the end of Member 2 and the Member 3 of Dengying Formation.And during the Member 4 of Dengying Formation,the platform boundary moved eastward with the decline of the sea level.Affected by two periods of Tongwan tectonic movement,some areas of central basin formed palaeokarst unconformity during the depositional periods of the Members 2 and 4 of Dengying Formation,and the Members 3 and 4 of Dengying Formation suffered a strong denudation in the western basin.The Dengying Formation is an important oil reservoir in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas.
引文
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尹崇玉,唐烽,刘鹏举,等.2009.华南埃迪卡拉(震旦)系陡山沱组生物地层学研究的新进展[J].地球学报,30(4):421-432.
郑和荣,胡宗全,周小进,等.2010.中国前中生代构造—岩相古地理图集[M].北京:地质出版社,1-193.
赵自强,丁启秀.1996.中南区区域地层[M].湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1-170.
Liu Shugen,Qin Chuan,Jansa L,et al.2011.Transformation of oil pools into gas pools as results of multiple tectonic events in Upper Sinian(Upper Neoproterozoic),deep part of Sichuan Basin,China[J].Energy Exploration & Exploitation,29(6):679-698.
Wei Guoqi,Chen Gengsheng,Du Shangming et al.2008.Petroleum systems of the oldest gas field in China: Neoproterozoic gas pools in the Weiyuan gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,25(4-5):371-386.
Yuan Haifeng,Liang Jiaju,Gong Dengyu,et al.2012.Formation and evolution of Sinian oil and gas pools in typical structures,Sichuan Basin,China[J].Petroleum Science,9(2):129-140.
Zhou Chuanming,Tucker R,Xiao Shuhai,et al.2004.New constraints on the ages of Neoproterozoic glaciations in South China[J].Geology,32(5):437-440.
代寒松,刘树根,孙玮,等.2010.米仓山前缘震旦系灯影组天然气勘探前景探讨[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),32(5):16-26.
冯增昭.2009.中国古地理学的定义、内容、特点和亮点[J].古地理学报,11(1):1-11.
辜学达,刘啸虎,等.1997.四川省岩石地层[M].湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,51-110.
何登发,李德生,张国伟,等.2011.四川多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].地质科学,46(3):589-606.
刘宝珺,许效松.1994.中国南方岩相古地理图集(震旦纪—三叠纪)[M].北京:科学出版社,1-188.
刘宝珺,许效松,潘杏南,等.1993.中国南方古大陆沉积地壳演化与成矿[M].北京:科学出版社,31-34.
隆轲,陈洪德,林良彪,等.2011.四川盆地白垩纪构造层序、岩相古地理及演化[J].地层学杂志,35(3):328-335.
梅冥相,周鹏,张海,等.2006.上扬子区震旦系层序地层格架及其形成的古地理背景[J].古地理学报,8(2):219-231.
马永生,陈洪德,王国力,等.2009.中国南方层序地层与古地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1-591.
宋文海.1996.乐山龙女寺古隆起大中型气田成藏条件研究[J].天然气工业,16(增):13-26.
王鸿祯.1986.论中国前寒武纪地质时代及年代地层的划分[J].武汉地质学院学报(地球科学),11(5):447-453.
王伟,周传明,袁训来,等.2011.华南埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱海洋中无机碳同位素组成变化[J].地层学杂志,35(4):349-360.
汪泽成.2002.四川盆地构造层序与天然气勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1-140.
谢尚克,汪正江,王剑.2011.黔东北地区晚奥陶世岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,13(5):539-549.
夏文杰,杜森官,徐新煌,等.1994.中国南方震旦纪岩相古地理与成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,1-111.
薛耀松,曹瑞骥,唐天福,等.2001.扬子区震旦纪地层序列和南北方震旦系对比[J].地层学杂志,25(3):207-216.
邢裕盛,高振家,王自强,等.1996.中国地层典(新元古界) [M].北京:地质出版社,1-117.
殷继成,何廷贵,李世麟,等.1993.四川盆地周边及邻区震旦亚带地质演化与成矿作用[M].四川成都:成都科技大学出版社.
尹崇玉,高林志,邢裕盛,等.2004.新元古界南华系及其候选层型剖面研究进展[C].地层古生物论文集,(28):1-10.
尹崇玉,唐烽,刘鹏举,等.2009.华南埃迪卡拉(震旦)系陡山沱组生物地层学研究的新进展[J].地球学报,30(4):421-432.
郑和荣,胡宗全,周小进,等.2010.中国前中生代构造—岩相古地理图集[M].北京:地质出版社,1-193.
赵自强,丁启秀.1996.中南区区域地层[M].湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1-170.
Liu Shugen,Qin Chuan,Jansa L,et al.2011.Transformation of oil pools into gas pools as results of multiple tectonic events in Upper Sinian(Upper Neoproterozoic),deep part of Sichuan Basin,China[J].Energy Exploration & Exploitation,29(6):679-698.
Wei Guoqi,Chen Gengsheng,Du Shangming et al.2008.Petroleum systems of the oldest gas field in China: Neoproterozoic gas pools in the Weiyuan gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,25(4-5):371-386.
Yuan Haifeng,Liang Jiaju,Gong Dengyu,et al.2012.Formation and evolution of Sinian oil and gas pools in typical structures,Sichuan Basin,China[J].Petroleum Science,9(2):129-140.
Zhou Chuanming,Tucker R,Xiao Shuhai,et al.2004.New constraints on the ages of Neoproterozoic glaciations in South China[J].Geology,32(5):437-440.
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