三维VSP数据高效偏移成像的超道集方法
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摘要
当前的三维VSP地震数据偏移成像实现都是在共炮点道集或共检波点道集中逐个道集循环进行的,计算效率相对较低.根据三维VSP观测系统中炮点和检波点布置的特殊性和地震波场满足线性叠加的特性,本文提出了一种三维VSP数据的高效偏移成像方法,即首先通过对三维VSP共接收点道集进行地震数据的广义合成得到一种超道集,然后在共接收点道集的波场深度外推过程中逐步应用多震源波场对超道集进行偏移成像,即利用一次波场深度外推循环完成对所有共检波点道集数据的偏移成像.通过三维VSP模型数据与实际地震数据的偏移成像试验验证了这种高效的超道集偏移成像方法可取得与常规共检波点道集相当的偏移成像效果,还具有极高的计算效率,其计算量与单个共检波点道集的偏移成像计算量相当.
At present the migration of 3D VSP seismic data is implemented through the gathers one by one in common-shot-gather domain or common-receiver-gather domain,so its calculation efficiency is relatively low.Based on the special property of the shots and receivers configuration in 3D VSP survey geometry and the characteristic of linear stacking of seismic wavefield,in this paper a highly efficient migration method for 3D VSP data is proposed.It first generates one kind of super-gather by using the generalized synthesis of seismic data to the 3D VSP common-receiver gathers,and migrates the super-gather by recursively using multi-source wavefield in the depth extrapolation of common-receiver gathers,which uses one recursive depth extrapolation to implement the migration of all the common-receiver gathers.The migration tests of theoretical 3D VSP data and real 3D VSP data demonstrate that the high-efficiency super-gather migration method can get the same migration results as that of the conventional common-receiver gathers migration,and can have very high calculation efficiency,its computational amount is almost equal to that of one common-receiver gather migration.
At present the migration of 3D VSP seismic data is implemented through the gathers one by one in common-shot-gather domain or common-receiver-gather domain,so its calculation efficiency is relatively low.Based on the special property of the shots and receivers configuration in 3D VSP survey geometry and the characteristic of linear stacking of seismic wavefield,in this paper a highly efficient migration method for 3D VSP data is proposed.It first generates one kind of super-gather by using the generalized synthesis of seismic data to the 3D VSP common-receiver gathers,and migrates the super-gather by recursively using multi-source wavefield in the depth extrapolation of common-receiver gathers,which uses one recursive depth extrapolation to implement the migration of all the common-receiver gathers.The migration tests of theoretical 3D VSP data and real 3D VSP data demonstrate that the high-efficiency super-gather migration method can get the same migration results as that of the conventional common-receiver gathers migration,and can have very high calculation efficiency,its computational amount is almost equal to that of one common-receiver gather migration.
引文
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[11]陈生昌,马在田.广义地震数据合成及其偏移成像.地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1144-1149.Chen S C,Ma Z T.Generalized synthesis of seismic data andits migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1144-1149.
[12]Berkhout A J.Changing the mindset in seismic dataacquisition.The Leading Edge,2008,27(7):924-938.
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[14]Hill N R.Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration.Geophysics,2001,66(4):1240-1250.
[15]Wu R S,Chen L.Beamlet migration using Gabor-Daubechiesframe propagator.63rd Conference&Technical Exhibition,EAGE,Expanded Abstracts,2001:74.
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[18]Blacquière G,Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Survey designfor blended acquisition.83rd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded abstracts,2009:56-60.
[2]Chen G,Peron J F.Mapping of 3-D VSP data using quick raytracing.68th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded abstracts,1998,17:365-368.
[3]Chen G,Peron J,Canales C.Rapid VSP-CDP mapping of3-D VSP data.Geophysics,2000,65(5):1631-1640.
[4]Bicquart P.Application of Kirchhoff depth migration to 3-DVSP.68th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded abstracts,1998:389-392.
[5]Yilmaz O.Seismic data analysis.Soc.Expl.Geophys.,2001.
[6]王华忠,徐蔚亚,王建民等.VSP数据波动方程叠前深度偏移成像及立体地震成像.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):517-525.Wang H Z,Xu W Y,Wang J M,et al.Prestack depthmigration of VSP data and stereoscopic seismic imaging.OGP(in Chinese),2001,36(5):517-525.
[7]熊高君,庄志蕾,张树林等.混合法VSP共炮记录叠前深度偏移.天然气工业,2006,26(2):55-56.Xiong G J,Zhang Z L,Zhang S L,et al.VSP common shotpre-stack depth migration with hybrid method.Natural GasIndustry(in Chinese),2006,26(2):55-56.
[8]Graves J,Checkles S,Leveille J.3DVSP acquisition and 3Cprocessing on a deep subsalt prospect in the Gulf of Mexico.82nd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expandedabstracts,2008,27:3340-3344.
[9]陈生昌,马在田,陈林.三维VSP数据的波动方程偏移成像.天然气工业,2008,28(3):51-53.Chen S C,Ma Z T,Chen L.Wave equation migration for 3-D VSP data.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2008,28(3):51-53.
[10]陈生昌.波动方程叠前深度偏移成像与速度建模方法研究[博士论文].上海:同济大学,2002.Chen S C.Research on methods for wave equation pre-stackdepth migration and velocity model construction[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Shanghai:Tongji University,2002.
[11]陈生昌,马在田.广义地震数据合成及其偏移成像.地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1144-1149.Chen S C,Ma Z T.Generalized synthesis of seismic data andits migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1144-1149.
[12]Berkhout A J.Changing the mindset in seismic dataacquisition.The Leading Edge,2008,27(7):924-938.
[13]Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J,Blacquière G.Seismic imagingwith incoherent wavefields.83rd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded abstracts,2009:2894-2898.
[14]Hill N R.Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration.Geophysics,2001,66(4):1240-1250.
[15]Wu R S,Chen L.Beamlet migration using Gabor-Daubechiesframe propagator.63rd Conference&Technical Exhibition,EAGE,Expanded Abstracts,2001:74.
[16]Claerbout J F.Imaging the Earth's Interior.BlackwellScientific Publication,1985.
[17]陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法.地球物理学报,2001,44(5):692-698.Chen S C,Cao J Z,Ma Z T.Prestack depth migrationmethod based on quasi-linear Born approximation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5):692-698.
[18]Blacquière G,Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Survey designfor blended acquisition.83rd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded abstracts,2009:56-60.
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