ZD地区复杂构造成像针对性处理技术
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摘要
ZD地区地表地震条件复杂,地下断层发育,构造较复杂,目的层地震反射信号弱,资料信噪比和分辨率低,常规的地震成像方法难以满足勘探开发的需要。为了改善该地区东部丘陵地带中深层反射的信噪比和分辨率,对静校正、叠前多域去噪、地表一致性处理、高精度偏移速度场建模与叠前时间偏移等技术手段进行了研究。通过多种静校正方法的试验与应用,解决了静校正问题;采用多域去噪技术进行叠前多域去噪,压制各种干扰,突出有效反射;利用地表一致性处理技术消除各种非一致性因素的影响;通过高精度偏移速度场建模与叠前时间偏移技术提高偏移成像效果。最终时间偏移剖面上的波组特征清楚,中深层信噪比有较大提高,连续性增强,断点、断面清晰可靠,成像精度比老剖面有明显提高。通过综合解释,对该区构造取得了新的认识,发现了一批新圈闭,经钻探见到了良好的油气显示。
The surface seismic condition of ZD area is complicated,and mature faults and complicated structures is developed,which causes weak seismic reflection signal on target interval,low signal-to-noise ratio and resolution.The conventional seismic imaging methods are difficult to meet the needs of the exploration and development.In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the middle-deep layer reflections of the hilly region in the east of the ZD area,some seismic data processing techniques were applied and analyzed,including static correction,prestack multi-domain denoising,surface consistent processing,high-precision migration velocity field modeling and prestack time migration.On the time migration profile achieved from the above techniques,the characteristics of wave group is clear,the signal-to-noise ratio of middle-deep layer reflections was largely increased;meanwhile,the continuity of the events were strengthened,the breakpoints and fault sections are clear and reliable.Through comprehensive interpretation,we achieved a new understanding of the structures in ZD area,discovered several new traps with good oil-gas show after drilling.
The surface seismic condition of ZD area is complicated,and mature faults and complicated structures is developed,which causes weak seismic reflection signal on target interval,low signal-to-noise ratio and resolution.The conventional seismic imaging methods are difficult to meet the needs of the exploration and development.In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the middle-deep layer reflections of the hilly region in the east of the ZD area,some seismic data processing techniques were applied and analyzed,including static correction,prestack multi-domain denoising,surface consistent processing,high-precision migration velocity field modeling and prestack time migration.On the time migration profile achieved from the above techniques,the characteristics of wave group is clear,the signal-to-noise ratio of middle-deep layer reflections was largely increased;meanwhile,the continuity of the events were strengthened,the breakpoints and fault sections are clear and reliable.Through comprehensive interpretation,we achieved a new understanding of the structures in ZD area,discovered several new traps with good oil-gas show after drilling.
引文
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[14]裴江云,陈树民,刘振宽,等.近地表Q值求取及振幅补偿[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):18-22 Pei J Y,Chen S M,Liu Z K,et al.Near surface Q value extraction and amplitude compensation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2001,16(4):18-22
[15]徐昕.陆地地震资料保持相对振幅处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,1982,17(6):19-34Xu X.The relative amplitude preservation of land seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prosprcting,1982,17(6):19-34
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[17]芮拥军,石林光.准噶尔盆地中部地震资料提高分辨率处理研究[J].石油物探,2007,46(2):181-186 Rui Y J,Shi G L.Study of processing technology for enhancing the resolution of seismic data in the cen-tral area of Jungar basin[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2007,46(2):181-186
[18]贺振华.反射地震资料偏移处理与反演方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1989 He Z H.Seismic reflection data migration processing and invertion method[M].Chongqing:Chongqing U-niversity Press,1989
[19]崔汝国,覃天,凌勋.叠前时间偏移成像技术及其应用[J].物探与化探,2006,30(6):541-544 Cui R G,Qin T,Ling X.The prestack time migration technology and its application[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2006,30(6):541-544
[20]张文生,宋海斌,崔兴福.双平方根算子波场外推叠前偏移速度分析[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):313-318 Zhang W S,Song H B,Cui X F.Prestack migration velocity analysis via double square-root operator wavefield continuation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):313-318
[21]王者顺,樊桂芳.叠前逐层成像速度建模方法及其应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):384-387 Wang Z S,Fan J F.Layer-by-layer prestack imaging velocity model building and application[J].Geophys-ical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):384-387
[22]方伍宝,周腾,袁联生,等.叠前深度偏移技术在复杂地区的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(1):68-71 Fang W B,Zhou T,Yuan L S,et al.Application of pres-tack depth migration in complex areas[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(1):68-71
[2]王顺国.复杂地区静校正方法研究及效果[J].石油物探,1998,37(4):93-103 Wang S G,Study of static correction methods in complex mountainous region and their sffects[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1998,37(4):93-103
[3]冯永强,顾汉明,谢辉,等.杭锦旗地区地貌与表层结构的关系及其对折射静校正的意义[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(5):349-352 Feng Y Q,Gu H M,Xie H,et al.The correlation be-tween topography and near surface structure and its implications to refraction statics in Hangjinqi area[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2005,28(5):349-352
[4]张荣忠,单联瑜.层析成像技术在静校正中的应用[J].国外油气勘探,1998,10(4):465-469 Zhang R Z,Shan L Y.Application of tomography in static correction[J].Oil&Gas Prospecting Abroad,1998,10(4):465-469
[5]刘学伟,勾丽敏.可展宽地震资料有效频宽的随机噪声衰减方法(英文)[J].Applied Geophysics,2007,4(1):37-44 Liu X W,Gou L M.Suppressing random noise to broaden the useful the bandwidth of seismic reflec-tion data(English)[J].Applied Geophysics,2007,4(1):37-44
[6]张恒超.叠前多域去噪技术应用开发研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2006 Zhang H C.Pre stack multi-domain denoise technol-ogy application and development research[D].Bei-jing:China University of Geosciences,2006
[7]冯兴强,郭建平,杨长春.三维地震资料空变f-x-y域预测滤波[J].信号处理,2007,23(4):553-557 Feng X Q,Guo J P,Yang C C.Three dimension seis-mic data prediction filtering using space varying[J].Signal Processing,2007,23(4):553-557
[8]冯兴强,杨长春,王勋杰,等.f-x-y域最小平方反演预测滤波[J].信号处理,2005,21(2):166-171 Feng X Q,Yang C C,Wang X J,et al.Prediction fil-tering by least-square inversion in f-x-y domain[J].Signal Processing,2005,21(2):166-171
[9]冯兴强,郭建平.两种压制随机噪声的滤波方法对比研究[J].物探与化探,2006,30(6):545-547,550 Feng X Q,Guo J P.The research about two filtering methods of eliminating random noise[J].Geophysi-cal&Geochemical Exploration,2006,30(6):545-547,550
[10]吕牛顿.连续介质中任意炮检距的球面扩散补偿因子[J].石油物探,1986,25(2)7-12 Lv N D.Compensation factor of spherical diffusion with arbitrary offsets in continuous medium[J].Ge-ophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1986,25(2):7-12
[11]王云专,王晓华,王丽英.分频球面扩散和频率吸收补偿[J].石油物探(增刊),1998,37(12):12-16 Wang Y Z,Wang X H,Wang L Y.Spherical diver-gence and frequency absorption compensation by fre-quency division[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-troleum(supplement),1998,37(12):12-16
[12]高军,凌云,周兴元,等.时频域球面发散和吸收补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(6):856-866 Gao J,Ling Y Zhou X Y,et al.Compensation for spherical divergence and absorption in time-frequen-cy domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prosprcting,1996,31(6):856-866
[13]刘财,刘洋,王典,等.均匀倾斜层状地层中地震波球面扩散补偿方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(3):590-595 Liu C,Liu Y,Wang D,et al.A Study on seismic wave spherical spreading compensation method in homogeneous tilted bedded formation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(3):590-595
[14]裴江云,陈树民,刘振宽,等.近地表Q值求取及振幅补偿[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):18-22 Pei J Y,Chen S M,Liu Z K,et al.Near surface Q value extraction and amplitude compensation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2001,16(4):18-22
[15]徐昕.陆地地震资料保持相对振幅处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,1982,17(6):19-34Xu X.The relative amplitude preservation of land seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prosprcting,1982,17(6):19-34
[16]王世瑞,狄邦让,任敦占,等.地震数据目标处理技术在松辽南部的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(5):518-525 Wang S R,Di B R,Ren D Z,et al.Application of ob-ject-oriented seismic data processing technique in southern part of songliao basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prosprcting,2008,43(5):518-525
[17]芮拥军,石林光.准噶尔盆地中部地震资料提高分辨率处理研究[J].石油物探,2007,46(2):181-186 Rui Y J,Shi G L.Study of processing technology for enhancing the resolution of seismic data in the cen-tral area of Jungar basin[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2007,46(2):181-186
[18]贺振华.反射地震资料偏移处理与反演方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1989 He Z H.Seismic reflection data migration processing and invertion method[M].Chongqing:Chongqing U-niversity Press,1989
[19]崔汝国,覃天,凌勋.叠前时间偏移成像技术及其应用[J].物探与化探,2006,30(6):541-544 Cui R G,Qin T,Ling X.The prestack time migration technology and its application[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2006,30(6):541-544
[20]张文生,宋海斌,崔兴福.双平方根算子波场外推叠前偏移速度分析[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):313-318 Zhang W S,Song H B,Cui X F.Prestack migration velocity analysis via double square-root operator wavefield continuation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):313-318
[21]王者顺,樊桂芳.叠前逐层成像速度建模方法及其应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):384-387 Wang Z S,Fan J F.Layer-by-layer prestack imaging velocity model building and application[J].Geophys-ical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):384-387
[22]方伍宝,周腾,袁联生,等.叠前深度偏移技术在复杂地区的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(1):68-71 Fang W B,Zhou T,Yuan L S,et al.Application of pres-tack depth migration in complex areas[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(1):68-71
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