基于改进的广义S变换求取地层品质因子Q值
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摘要
地层的品质因子Q值对衡量地震波传播过程中的能量衰减以及地震资料的处理、解释有重要意义。在实际生产中求取品质因子最实用的方法是频谱比法,但传统的频谱比法面临时窗选取等问题。本文利用改进的广义S变换时频特性及与傅里叶谱相联系的特性,提取地层上、下界面对应的瞬时频谱,并通过拟合振幅比与频率的关系得到地层的品质因子Q值。数值模拟及实际资料处理均证明了该方法的有效性。
It is important to measure quality factor Q in seismic data processing and interpretation.In practice,the most commonly used estimation method of quality factor Q is the spectral ratio method.However,the window selection is always a main issue in this traditional spectral ratio method.With superior time-frequency characteristics and the Fourier spectrum of the improved generalized S-transform,we extract the corresponding instantaneous spectrum of upper and lower interfaces of formation.By fitting the relationship between frequency and amplitude ratio,we estimate finally the quality factor.Both numerical simulation and field data show the effectiveness of this method.
It is important to measure quality factor Q in seismic data processing and interpretation.In practice,the most commonly used estimation method of quality factor Q is the spectral ratio method.However,the window selection is always a main issue in this traditional spectral ratio method.With superior time-frequency characteristics and the Fourier spectrum of the improved generalized S-transform,we extract the corresponding instantaneous spectrum of upper and lower interfaces of formation.By fitting the relationship between frequency and amplitude ratio,we estimate finally the quality factor.Both numerical simulation and field data show the effectiveness of this method.
引文
[1]孙成禹.地震波理论与方法.山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007,124～128
[2]Aki K and Richards P G.Quantitative SeismologyTheory and Methods.W H Freeman and Company,1980,Vol.1
[3]Toksoz M N,Johnston D H.Seismic Wave Attenua-tion.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicsts,1981,45
[4]Klimentos T and McCann C.Relationships amongcompressional wave attenuation,porosity,clay con-tent,and permeability in sandstones.Geophysics,1990,55(8):998～1014
[5]Toksoz M N,Johnston G H and Timur A.Attenua-tion of seismic waves in dry and saturated rocks,1.Laboratory measurements.Geophysics,1979,44(4):681～690
[6]Tonn R.The determination of seismic quality factorQfrom VSP data:A comparison of different compu-tational method.Geophysics,36(1):9～18
[7]Kjartansson E.Constant Q-wave propagation and at-tenuation.Geophysics Res,1979,84(B9):4737～4748
[8]Bregman N D,Bailey R C and Chapman C H.Trav-eltime and amplitude inversion in crosshole seismolo-gy.J Geophysics Res,1989,94(B6):7577～7587
[9]Dasgupta R,Roger A C.Estimation the Qfrom sur-face seismic reflection data.Geophysics,1998,63(6):2120～2128
[10]Quan Y and Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomo-graphy using the frequency shift method.Geophy-sics,1997,62(3):895～905
[11]James Rickett.Estimating attenuation and the rela-tive information content of amplitude and phase spec-tra.Geophysics,2007,72(1):20～27
[12]Taner M T.Joint Time/Frequency Analysis QQuality Factor and Dispersion Computation UsingGabor-Morlet wavelets or Gabor-Morlet Transform.Rock Solid Images,1983,1～5
[13]刘希强等.高斯线调频连续小波变换的时频能量衰减因子方法及其应用.中国地震,2003,19(3):225～235Liu Xiqiang et al.Time-frequency energy attenuationfactor and its application on the basis of Gauss linearmodulation frequency continuous wavelet transform.EarthquakeResearchinChina,2003,19(3):225～235
[14]Li Yandong and Zheng Xiaodong Wigner-Ville distri-bution and its application in seismic attenuation esti-mation.Applied Geophysics,2007,4(4):245～254
[15]Li Hongbing,Zhao Wenzhi.Measures of scale basedon the wavelet scalogram with applications to seismicattenuation.Geophysics,71(5):V110～V118
[16]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localizationof the complex spectrum:the S transform.IEEETrans on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998～1001
[17]刘喜武等.基于广义S变换研究地震地层特征.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):440～451Liu Xiwu et al.Study on characteristics of seismicstratigraphy by generalized S transform.PEG,2006,21(2):440～451
[18]齐春艳.李彦鹏等.一种改进的广义S变换.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):215～218Qi Chunyan,Li Yanpeng et al.An improved general-ized S transform.OGP,2010,45(2):215～218
[19]陈学华,贺振华.改进的S变换及在地震信号处理中的应用.数据采集与处理,2005,20(4):449～453Chen Xuehua,He Zhenhua.Improved S-transformand its application in seismic signal processing.Jour-nal of Data Acquisition&Processing,2005,20(4):449～453
[20]Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.The S Transform withwindows of arbitrary and varying shape.Geophysics,2003,68(1):381～385
[21]Varela C L R,Ulrych J.Modeling of attenuation anddispersion.Geophysics,1993,58(8):1167～1173
[2]Aki K and Richards P G.Quantitative SeismologyTheory and Methods.W H Freeman and Company,1980,Vol.1
[3]Toksoz M N,Johnston D H.Seismic Wave Attenua-tion.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicsts,1981,45
[4]Klimentos T and McCann C.Relationships amongcompressional wave attenuation,porosity,clay con-tent,and permeability in sandstones.Geophysics,1990,55(8):998～1014
[5]Toksoz M N,Johnston G H and Timur A.Attenua-tion of seismic waves in dry and saturated rocks,1.Laboratory measurements.Geophysics,1979,44(4):681～690
[6]Tonn R.The determination of seismic quality factorQfrom VSP data:A comparison of different compu-tational method.Geophysics,36(1):9～18
[7]Kjartansson E.Constant Q-wave propagation and at-tenuation.Geophysics Res,1979,84(B9):4737～4748
[8]Bregman N D,Bailey R C and Chapman C H.Trav-eltime and amplitude inversion in crosshole seismolo-gy.J Geophysics Res,1989,94(B6):7577～7587
[9]Dasgupta R,Roger A C.Estimation the Qfrom sur-face seismic reflection data.Geophysics,1998,63(6):2120～2128
[10]Quan Y and Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomo-graphy using the frequency shift method.Geophy-sics,1997,62(3):895～905
[11]James Rickett.Estimating attenuation and the rela-tive information content of amplitude and phase spec-tra.Geophysics,2007,72(1):20～27
[12]Taner M T.Joint Time/Frequency Analysis QQuality Factor and Dispersion Computation UsingGabor-Morlet wavelets or Gabor-Morlet Transform.Rock Solid Images,1983,1～5
[13]刘希强等.高斯线调频连续小波变换的时频能量衰减因子方法及其应用.中国地震,2003,19(3):225～235Liu Xiqiang et al.Time-frequency energy attenuationfactor and its application on the basis of Gauss linearmodulation frequency continuous wavelet transform.EarthquakeResearchinChina,2003,19(3):225～235
[14]Li Yandong and Zheng Xiaodong Wigner-Ville distri-bution and its application in seismic attenuation esti-mation.Applied Geophysics,2007,4(4):245～254
[15]Li Hongbing,Zhao Wenzhi.Measures of scale basedon the wavelet scalogram with applications to seismicattenuation.Geophysics,71(5):V110～V118
[16]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localizationof the complex spectrum:the S transform.IEEETrans on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998～1001
[17]刘喜武等.基于广义S变换研究地震地层特征.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):440～451Liu Xiwu et al.Study on characteristics of seismicstratigraphy by generalized S transform.PEG,2006,21(2):440～451
[18]齐春艳.李彦鹏等.一种改进的广义S变换.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):215～218Qi Chunyan,Li Yanpeng et al.An improved general-ized S transform.OGP,2010,45(2):215～218
[19]陈学华,贺振华.改进的S变换及在地震信号处理中的应用.数据采集与处理,2005,20(4):449～453Chen Xuehua,He Zhenhua.Improved S-transformand its application in seismic signal processing.Jour-nal of Data Acquisition&Processing,2005,20(4):449～453
[20]Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.The S Transform withwindows of arbitrary and varying shape.Geophysics,2003,68(1):381～385
[21]Varela C L R,Ulrych J.Modeling of attenuation anddispersion.Geophysics,1993,58(8):1167～1173
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