碳酸盐岩储层渗透率研究现状与前瞻
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摘要
在塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩储层实际评价工作基础上,结合近期大量发表文献,系统地总结当前碳酸盐岩储层渗透率研究新进展。基于孔隙结构是影响储层岩石渗透率的重要因素,首先论述应用2D/3D数字化成像技术定量地表征岩石孔隙结构;重点讨论将这些孔隙结构参数与储集岩类型的概念相结合,形成一种新的储集岩类型划分方法;接着综述了应用NMR和FMI测井及三维地震评价碳酸盐岩储层渗透率的研究新进展,进一步指出,综合2D/3D数字化成像技术、新储集岩类型划分方法、NMR和FMI测井及三维地震,将是一套新的碳酸盐岩储层渗透率评价思路。
Permeability that measures the ability of a rock transmit fluids is the key reservoir parameter in reservoir characterization and prediction,which is of paramount importance in exploration and development of carbonate petroleum reservoirs.This article aims to summarize the current state of the art in research on carbonate rocks'permeability.Based on the fact that pore networks of reservoir rock primarily influence the intrinsic permeability,so,firstly,it discusses quantitative characterization of pore structure in sidewall plugs and/or drill cuttings by employing 2D/3D digital image analysis(DIA)technologies.As permeability is predominantly a function of rock type,it subsequently emphasizes an alternative method to determine reservoir rock types with the combination of those forenamed 2D/3DDIA parameters.Meanwhile,new progresses on the utilization of NMR,FMI logs and 3Dseismic data to predict spatial distribution of reservoirs rocks'permeability are overviewed.Further,it is argued that a new approach integrating 2D/3DDIA technologies,new reservoir rock classification method and NMR,FMI logging and 3Dseismic interpretation should be promoted extensively and treated as a critical part in carbonate reservoir characterization and prediction.
Permeability that measures the ability of a rock transmit fluids is the key reservoir parameter in reservoir characterization and prediction,which is of paramount importance in exploration and development of carbonate petroleum reservoirs.This article aims to summarize the current state of the art in research on carbonate rocks'permeability.Based on the fact that pore networks of reservoir rock primarily influence the intrinsic permeability,so,firstly,it discusses quantitative characterization of pore structure in sidewall plugs and/or drill cuttings by employing 2D/3D digital image analysis(DIA)technologies.As permeability is predominantly a function of rock type,it subsequently emphasizes an alternative method to determine reservoir rock types with the combination of those forenamed 2D/3DDIA parameters.Meanwhile,new progresses on the utilization of NMR,FMI logs and 3Dseismic data to predict spatial distribution of reservoirs rocks'permeability are overviewed.Further,it is argued that a new approach integrating 2D/3DDIA technologies,new reservoir rock classification method and NMR,FMI logging and 3Dseismic interpretation should be promoted extensively and treated as a critical part in carbonate reservoir characterization and prediction.
引文
[1]Weger R J,Eberli G P,Baechle G T,et al.Quantification of pore structure and its effect on sonic velocity and permeability in carbonates[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(10):1297-1317.
[2]张亚范,邢志贵,杜韫华,等.中国油气储层研究图集(卷三)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:73-81.
[3]罗哲潭,王允诚.油气储集层的孔隙结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:31-40.
[4]Zinsner B,Pellerin F M.A Geoscientist's Guide to Petrophysics[M].Paris:Editions Technip,2007:144-158.
[5]Nelson P H.Permeability-porosity relationships in sedimentary rocks[J].The Log Analyst,1994,35(3):38-62.
[6]Lucia F J.Carbonate Reservoir Characterization[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2007:29-65.
[7]Sok R,Knackstedt M,Ghous A,et al.Integrating Petrographic,Petrophysical,and 3DPore-Scale Measurements of Core Material from the Shuaiba Reservoir in Al Shaheen,Qatar[R].AAPG Annual Convention,Denver,Colorado,2009,June 7-10.
[8]Baechle G T,Colpaert A,Eberli G P,et al.Effects of microporosity on sonic velocity in carbonate rocks[J].The Leading Edge,2008,27(8):1012-1018.
[9]Verwer K,Eberli G P,Baechle G T,et al.Effect of carbonate pore structure on dynamic shear moduli[J].Geophysics,2010,75(1):E1-E8.
[10]Verwer K,Eberli G P,Weger R J.Effect of pore structure on electrical resistivity in carbonates[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(2):175-190.
[11]Anselmetti F S,Eberli G P.Sonic velocity in carbonate sediments and rocks[M]∥Palaz I,Marfurt K J.Carbonate Seismology.Geophysical Developments Series 6.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1997:53-74.
[12]Eberli G P,Baechle G T,Anselmetti F S,et al.Factors controlling elastic properties in carbonate sediments and rocks[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(7):654-660.
[13]Ahr W M.Geology of Carbonate reservoirs:The Identification,Description,and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in Carbonate Rocks[M].Hoboken,New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons,Inc,2008:13-55.
[14]Grtsch J,Mercadier C.Integrated 3Dreservoir modeling based on 3Dseismic:The Tertiary Malampaya and Camago buildups,offshore Palawan,Philippines[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(11):1703-1728.
[15]Grtsch J,Suwaina O,Ajlani G,et al.The Arab Formation in central Abu Dhabi:3Dreservoir architecture and static and dynamic modeling[J].GeoArabia,2003,8(1):47-86.
[16]王小敏,樊太亮.碳酸盐岩礁滩相储层分类[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,43(5):1837-1844.
[17]Hollis C,Vahrenkamp V,Tull S,et al.Pore system characterisation in heterogeneous carbonates:An alternative approach to widely-used rock-typing methodologies[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2010,27:772-793.
[18]Delhomme J P.The quest for permeability evaluation in wireline logging[M]∥Chery L,Marsily C G.Aquifer Systems Management:Darcy's Legacy in a World of Impending Water Shortage.London:Taylor&Francis,2007:55-70.
[19]Vincent B,Fleury M,Santerre Y,et al.NMR relaxation of neritic carbonates:An integrated petrophysical and petrographical approach[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2011,74(1):38-58.
[20]贾文玉,田素月,孙耀庭,等.成像测井技术与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:15-20.
[21]Xu C Y,Qian L,Hong W H,et al.FMI image based rock structure classification using classifier combination[J].Neural Computing and Application,2010,20(7):955-963.
[22]Russell S D,Akbar M,Vissapragada B,et al.Rock types and permeability prediction from dipmeter and image logs:Shuaiba reservoir(Aptian),Abu Dhabi[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(10):1709-1732.
[23]Steven R P,Jerry M H,David L J,et al.Permeability dependence of seismic amplitudes[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(6):518-525.
[24]Parra J,Hackert C,Richardson E,et al.Porosity and permeability images based on crosswell seismic measurements integrated with FMI logs at the Port Mayaca aquifer,South Florida[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28(10):1212-1219.
[25]Vahrenkamp V C,Creusen A.The Role of Sedimentary Fabric for Rock Typing and Model Upscaling in Carbonate Reservoirs[R].AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA,2010,April 11-14.
[2]张亚范,邢志贵,杜韫华,等.中国油气储层研究图集(卷三)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:73-81.
[3]罗哲潭,王允诚.油气储集层的孔隙结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:31-40.
[4]Zinsner B,Pellerin F M.A Geoscientist's Guide to Petrophysics[M].Paris:Editions Technip,2007:144-158.
[5]Nelson P H.Permeability-porosity relationships in sedimentary rocks[J].The Log Analyst,1994,35(3):38-62.
[6]Lucia F J.Carbonate Reservoir Characterization[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2007:29-65.
[7]Sok R,Knackstedt M,Ghous A,et al.Integrating Petrographic,Petrophysical,and 3DPore-Scale Measurements of Core Material from the Shuaiba Reservoir in Al Shaheen,Qatar[R].AAPG Annual Convention,Denver,Colorado,2009,June 7-10.
[8]Baechle G T,Colpaert A,Eberli G P,et al.Effects of microporosity on sonic velocity in carbonate rocks[J].The Leading Edge,2008,27(8):1012-1018.
[9]Verwer K,Eberli G P,Baechle G T,et al.Effect of carbonate pore structure on dynamic shear moduli[J].Geophysics,2010,75(1):E1-E8.
[10]Verwer K,Eberli G P,Weger R J.Effect of pore structure on electrical resistivity in carbonates[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(2):175-190.
[11]Anselmetti F S,Eberli G P.Sonic velocity in carbonate sediments and rocks[M]∥Palaz I,Marfurt K J.Carbonate Seismology.Geophysical Developments Series 6.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1997:53-74.
[12]Eberli G P,Baechle G T,Anselmetti F S,et al.Factors controlling elastic properties in carbonate sediments and rocks[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(7):654-660.
[13]Ahr W M.Geology of Carbonate reservoirs:The Identification,Description,and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in Carbonate Rocks[M].Hoboken,New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons,Inc,2008:13-55.
[14]Grtsch J,Mercadier C.Integrated 3Dreservoir modeling based on 3Dseismic:The Tertiary Malampaya and Camago buildups,offshore Palawan,Philippines[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(11):1703-1728.
[15]Grtsch J,Suwaina O,Ajlani G,et al.The Arab Formation in central Abu Dhabi:3Dreservoir architecture and static and dynamic modeling[J].GeoArabia,2003,8(1):47-86.
[16]王小敏,樊太亮.碳酸盐岩礁滩相储层分类[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,43(5):1837-1844.
[17]Hollis C,Vahrenkamp V,Tull S,et al.Pore system characterisation in heterogeneous carbonates:An alternative approach to widely-used rock-typing methodologies[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2010,27:772-793.
[18]Delhomme J P.The quest for permeability evaluation in wireline logging[M]∥Chery L,Marsily C G.Aquifer Systems Management:Darcy's Legacy in a World of Impending Water Shortage.London:Taylor&Francis,2007:55-70.
[19]Vincent B,Fleury M,Santerre Y,et al.NMR relaxation of neritic carbonates:An integrated petrophysical and petrographical approach[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2011,74(1):38-58.
[20]贾文玉,田素月,孙耀庭,等.成像测井技术与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:15-20.
[21]Xu C Y,Qian L,Hong W H,et al.FMI image based rock structure classification using classifier combination[J].Neural Computing and Application,2010,20(7):955-963.
[22]Russell S D,Akbar M,Vissapragada B,et al.Rock types and permeability prediction from dipmeter and image logs:Shuaiba reservoir(Aptian),Abu Dhabi[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(10):1709-1732.
[23]Steven R P,Jerry M H,David L J,et al.Permeability dependence of seismic amplitudes[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(6):518-525.
[24]Parra J,Hackert C,Richardson E,et al.Porosity and permeability images based on crosswell seismic measurements integrated with FMI logs at the Port Mayaca aquifer,South Florida[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28(10):1212-1219.
[25]Vahrenkamp V C,Creusen A.The Role of Sedimentary Fabric for Rock Typing and Model Upscaling in Carbonate Reservoirs[R].AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA,2010,April 11-14.
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