桑塔木地区三叠系曲流河三角洲存在证据与沉积特征
摘要
为了厘清桑塔木地区三叠系砂体成因类型,指导油气勘探,利用岩心、钻测井、分析化验及高精度三维地震资料,研究碎屑岩的粒度、结构、沉积构造、砂体的空间展布、地震反射特征等.结果表明:三叠系TⅡ油组具有粒度细、分选磨圆好、发育小型交错层理、波状层理及水平层理,呈指状产出,地震剖面上具有前积反射构型,典型相干体地层切片见曲流特征的特点,是典型的曲流河三角洲沉积;同时,研究区曲流河三角洲发育2种亚相6种微相,其中平原亚相发育天然堤、水上分流河道及河漫沼泽微相,前缘亚相发育水下分流河道、河口坝和支流间湾3种微相;区内TⅡ油组以发育北部和西南部2个主要方向的曲流河三角洲为主,其中北部三角洲规模大,平原和前缘亚相较发育,西南部三角洲以前缘亚相为主,平原亚相以分流河道沉积为主,前缘亚相主要发育分流河道和河口坝微相.该三角洲的形成与地形坡度及气候的变化密切相关.
In order to identify the origin of Triassic sandstone of Sangtamu area to direct petroleum prospecting effectively,this paper recognized it through the comprehensive analysis of cores,logging,analysis assay as well as high resolution three dimension seismic data,by the grain size,the texture,sedimentary structure,distribution characteristics of sandstone,as well as seismic reflection and strata slice characteristics.The results show that the TⅡ oil-member is meandering river delta,which has characteristics of fine grain size,well sorted and roundness,developing small-scale cross beddings and wavy bedding,showing finger shape,as well as prograding reflection architecture and plain meandering features.Based on a synthetic study of its sedimentary characteristics of Triassic TⅡ oil-member,we identified 2 subfacis and 6 microfacies in the study area,including the meandering river delta plain distributary channel,levee,flood swamp,meandering river delta front subaqueous distributary channel,mouth bar and tributary bay.The meandering river delta mainly distributed in the north and southwest of study area,the north is more huge,developing delta plain and front subfacies,while the southwest only developed delta front subfacies.The delta plain primarily developed distributary channel,and the delta front mainly developed subaqueous distributary channel and mouth bar.The formation of meandering river delta is closely related to the topographic slope and climate change.
In order to identify the origin of Triassic sandstone of Sangtamu area to direct petroleum prospecting effectively,this paper recognized it through the comprehensive analysis of cores,logging,analysis assay as well as high resolution three dimension seismic data,by the grain size,the texture,sedimentary structure,distribution characteristics of sandstone,as well as seismic reflection and strata slice characteristics.The results show that the TⅡ oil-member is meandering river delta,which has characteristics of fine grain size,well sorted and roundness,developing small-scale cross beddings and wavy bedding,showing finger shape,as well as prograding reflection architecture and plain meandering features.Based on a synthetic study of its sedimentary characteristics of Triassic TⅡ oil-member,we identified 2 subfacis and 6 microfacies in the study area,including the meandering river delta plain distributary channel,levee,flood swamp,meandering river delta front subaqueous distributary channel,mouth bar and tributary bay.The meandering river delta mainly distributed in the north and southwest of study area,the north is more huge,developing delta plain and front subfacies,while the southwest only developed delta front subfacies.The delta plain primarily developed distributary channel,and the delta front mainly developed subaqueous distributary channel and mouth bar.The formation of meandering river delta is closely related to the topographic slope and climate change.
引文
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[12]文佳涛,吴爱成,但玲玲,等.石西地区八道湾组三段辫状河三角洲的识别与沉积特征研究[J].中国地质,2012,39(1):54-63.Wen Jiatao,Wu Aicheng,Dan Lingling,et al.The identification of the braided fluvial delta in the 3rd member of Badaowan forma-tion in Shixi area and a study of its sedimentary characteristics[J].Geology in China,2012,39(1):54-63.
[13]邱安南,王林生,高炎,等.准噶尔盆地百口泉油田八道湾组三段辫状河三角洲的识别与沉积特征[J].海洋地质前沿,2012,28(2):17-22.Qiu annan,Wang Linsheng,Gao Yan,et al.The braided fluvial deltaic deposits in the 3rd member of badaowan formation and theirdepositional characteristics,Baikouquan area,Junggar basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2012,28(2):17-22.
[14]刘海涛,蒲秀刚,张光亚,等.准噶尔盆地白家海地区侏罗系三角洲沉积体系[J].大庆石油学院学报,2010,34(6):37-41.Liu Haitao,Pu Xiugang,Zhang Guangya,et al.Comparative analysis of different types of delta sedimentary system of jurassic inBaijiahai area in Jungar basin[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2010,34(6):37-41.
[15]李建平,杨波,周心怀,等.渤中凹陷东营组层序地层及其沉积相分析[J].东北石油大学学报,2012,36(4):1-9.Li Jianping,Yang Bo,Zhou Xinhuai,et al.Analysis of sedimentary facies of Dongying formation in the Bozhong sag[J].Journal ofNortheast Petroleum University,2012,36(4):1-9...
[16]袁文芳,陈世悦,曾昌民,等.柴达木盆地西部地区第三系碎屑岩粒度概率累积曲线特征[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(5):12-18.Yuan Wenfang,Chen Shiyue,Zeng Changmin,et al.Probability cumulative grain size curves in terrigenous of the tertiary in westQaidam basin[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum:Science&Technology Edition,2005,29(5):12-18.
[17]赵怡文,陈中原.长江中下游河床沉积物分布特征[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):223-230.Zhao Yiwen,Chen Zhongyuan.Sediment distribution in the Yangtze river channel below Wuhan[J].Acta Geogaphica Sinica,2003,58(2):223-230.
[18]Miall A D.Architecture and sequence stratigraphy in pleistocene fluvial systems in the Malay basin,based on seismic time-slice analy-sis[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2003(86):1201-1216.
[19]Wood L J.Quantitative seismic geomorphology of pliocene and miocene fluvial systems in the northern gulf of Mexico,USA[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007(77):713-730.
[20]张云鹏,任建业,阳怀忠,等.塔里木盆地轮南低凸起构造特征及演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(3):440-447.Zhang Yunpeng,Ren Jianye,Yang Huaizhong,et al.Structure features and its evolution of Lunnan low uplift,the Tarim basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(3):440-447.
[21]黄克难,詹家祯,邹义声,等.新疆库车河地区三叠系和侏罗系沉积环境及古气候[J].古地理学报,2003,5(2):197-208.Huang Kenan,Zhan Jiazhen,Zou Yisheng,et al.Sedimentary environments and palaeoclimate of the triassic and jurassic in Kuqariver area,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(2):
[2]薛良清,G Galloway W E.扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲与三角洲体系的分类[J].地质学报,1991,65(2):141-153.Xue Liangqing,G Galloway W E.Fan-delta,braid delta and the classification of delta systems[J].Acta Geology Sinica,1991,65(2):141-153.
[3]Bhattacharya B,Bandyopadhyay S,Mahapatra S et al.Record of tide-wave influence on the coal-bearing permian barakar formation,Raniganj basin,India[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012(267):25-35.
[4]Milli S,Ambrog C D,Bellotti P,et al.The transition from wave-dominated estuary to wave-dominated delta:the late quaternary stra-tigraphic architecture of Tiber river deltaic succession(Italy)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2013(284):159-180.
[5]庞雯,郑浚茂.轮南地区三叠系辫状河三角洲沉积储层特征[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,30(1):58-62.Pang Wen,Zheng Junmao.Sedimentary characteristic and physical property of braid delta of triassic in Lunnan region[J].Journal ofSouthwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2008,30(1):58-62.
[6]李维锋,高振中,彭德堂.侧积交错层——辫状河道的主要沉积构造类型[J].石油实验地质,1996,18(3):298-302.Li Weifeng,Gao Zhenzhong,Peng Detang.Lateral accretion cross-bedding:the main type of sedimentary structure in the braidedchannel[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1996,18(3):298-302.
[7]吕雪雁,朱筱敏,申银民,等.塔里木盆地台盆区三叠系层序地层研究和有利勘探区预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):32-35.Lv Xueyan,Zhu Xiaomin,Shen Yinming,et al.The triassic sequence stratigraphy and the prediction of the favorable exploration tar-gets in Tarim basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):32-35.
[8]张希明,刘青芳.塔北地区辫状三角洲沉积特征及油气勘探意义[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(1):21-24.Zhang Ximing,Liu Qingfang.Depositional characteristics of braided river delta in northern Tarim basin and its significance in petrole-um exploration[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1999,26(1):21-24.
[9]周新源,王清华,杨文静,等.塔里木盆地天然气资源及勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(1):7-11.Zhou Xinyuan,Wang Qinghua,Yang Wenjing,et al.The resource and exploration of natural gas in Tarim basin[J].Natural Gas Ge-oscience,2005,16(1):7-11.
[10]Mcpherson J G,Shanmugam G,Moioia R J.Fan-deltas and braid deltas:varieties of coarse-grained deltas[J].Geological Society ofAmerica Bulletin,1987(99):331-340.
[11]李维锋,高振中,彭德堂,等.库车坳陷中生界三种类型三角洲的比较研究[J].沉积学报,1999,17(3):430-434.Li Weifeng,Gao Zhenzhong,Peng Detang,et al.Comparative study of fan-deltas,braided deltas and meandering-river deltas ofmesozoic erathem in kuche depression,Tarim basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(3):430-434.
[12]文佳涛,吴爱成,但玲玲,等.石西地区八道湾组三段辫状河三角洲的识别与沉积特征研究[J].中国地质,2012,39(1):54-63.Wen Jiatao,Wu Aicheng,Dan Lingling,et al.The identification of the braided fluvial delta in the 3rd member of Badaowan forma-tion in Shixi area and a study of its sedimentary characteristics[J].Geology in China,2012,39(1):54-63.
[13]邱安南,王林生,高炎,等.准噶尔盆地百口泉油田八道湾组三段辫状河三角洲的识别与沉积特征[J].海洋地质前沿,2012,28(2):17-22.Qiu annan,Wang Linsheng,Gao Yan,et al.The braided fluvial deltaic deposits in the 3rd member of badaowan formation and theirdepositional characteristics,Baikouquan area,Junggar basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2012,28(2):17-22.
[14]刘海涛,蒲秀刚,张光亚,等.准噶尔盆地白家海地区侏罗系三角洲沉积体系[J].大庆石油学院学报,2010,34(6):37-41.Liu Haitao,Pu Xiugang,Zhang Guangya,et al.Comparative analysis of different types of delta sedimentary system of jurassic inBaijiahai area in Jungar basin[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2010,34(6):37-41.
[15]李建平,杨波,周心怀,等.渤中凹陷东营组层序地层及其沉积相分析[J].东北石油大学学报,2012,36(4):1-9.Li Jianping,Yang Bo,Zhou Xinhuai,et al.Analysis of sedimentary facies of Dongying formation in the Bozhong sag[J].Journal ofNortheast Petroleum University,2012,36(4):1-9...
[16]袁文芳,陈世悦,曾昌民,等.柴达木盆地西部地区第三系碎屑岩粒度概率累积曲线特征[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(5):12-18.Yuan Wenfang,Chen Shiyue,Zeng Changmin,et al.Probability cumulative grain size curves in terrigenous of the tertiary in westQaidam basin[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum:Science&Technology Edition,2005,29(5):12-18.
[17]赵怡文,陈中原.长江中下游河床沉积物分布特征[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):223-230.Zhao Yiwen,Chen Zhongyuan.Sediment distribution in the Yangtze river channel below Wuhan[J].Acta Geogaphica Sinica,2003,58(2):223-230.
[18]Miall A D.Architecture and sequence stratigraphy in pleistocene fluvial systems in the Malay basin,based on seismic time-slice analy-sis[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2003(86):1201-1216.
[19]Wood L J.Quantitative seismic geomorphology of pliocene and miocene fluvial systems in the northern gulf of Mexico,USA[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007(77):713-730.
[20]张云鹏,任建业,阳怀忠,等.塔里木盆地轮南低凸起构造特征及演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(3):440-447.Zhang Yunpeng,Ren Jianye,Yang Huaizhong,et al.Structure features and its evolution of Lunnan low uplift,the Tarim basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(3):440-447.
[21]黄克难,詹家祯,邹义声,等.新疆库车河地区三叠系和侏罗系沉积环境及古气候[J].古地理学报,2003,5(2):197-208.Huang Kenan,Zhan Jiazhen,Zou Yisheng,et al.Sedimentary environments and palaeoclimate of the triassic and jurassic in Kuqariver area,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(2):
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