自流井水温固体潮效应及其应变响应能力
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摘要
井水温度观测是一项重要的地震前兆观测手段,旨在捕捉地震孕育过程中的应力-应变信息。水温固体潮效应作为地壳应力-应变信息的真实反映和地震前兆观测的干扰因素,具有重要的研究意义。本文首先依据对自流井中热状态的分析,认为自流井水温固体潮效应可能主要存在两种机制,即热传导机制和热对流机制;据此,推导出热传导机制中水温与固体潮体应变变化的定量关系;最后以流量相对较大的本溪自流井为例进行分析。结果表明,本溪井水温固体潮效应是热传导机制和热对流机制共同作用的结果,其中,热传导机制起主要作用。
Water temperature observation in boreholes,as a precursor observation project in China,is to capture the stress-strain information during the preparation of an earthquake. The study of the water temperature tidal effect has an important scientific significance,for water temperature tidal effect is both a reflection of stress-strain in crust and an interference factor of precursor observation. With a view to the thermal conditions in artesian wells,the paper holds that there may be two mechanisms for tidally induced water temperature changes in artesian wells,namely the thermal conduction mechanism and the thermal convection mechanism. The paper then derives the quantitative relationship between the water temperature and tidal volumetric strain changes in an ideal artesian well. Finally,the water temperature tidal effect in Benxi artesian well is analyzed. The results show that water temperature tidal effect in Benxi well is the result of both the thermal conduction mechanism and the thermal convection mechanism,in which heat mechanism is the main one.
Water temperature observation in boreholes,as a precursor observation project in China,is to capture the stress-strain information during the preparation of an earthquake. The study of the water temperature tidal effect has an important scientific significance,for water temperature tidal effect is both a reflection of stress-strain in crust and an interference factor of precursor observation. With a view to the thermal conditions in artesian wells,the paper holds that there may be two mechanisms for tidally induced water temperature changes in artesian wells,namely the thermal conduction mechanism and the thermal convection mechanism. The paper then derives the quantitative relationship between the water temperature and tidal volumetric strain changes in an ideal artesian well. Finally,the water temperature tidal effect in Benxi artesian well is analyzed. The results show that water temperature tidal effect in Benxi well is the result of both the thermal conduction mechanism and the thermal convection mechanism,in which heat mechanism is the main one.
引文
车用太、刘成龙、鱼金子,2008,井水温度动态及其形成机制,地震,28(4):20～28。
车用太、鱼金子、刘春国,1996,我国地震地下水温度观测与研究,水文地质工程地质,23(4):34～37。
陈立军,1993,动水位观测原理,地震,(2):55～60。
杜品仁,1991,气压变化及其对地壳形变和深井水位的影响,地球物理学报,34(1):73～81。
付子忠,1988,地热动态观测与地热前兆,地壳构造与地壳应力文集,(1),1～7。
孙小龙、刘耀炜,2007,本溪自流井水位与水温同震变化关系研究,大地测量与地球动力学,27(6),100～104。
张国民、傅征祥、桂燮泰等,2001,地震预报引论,北京:科学出版社,321。
张永仙、石耀霖、张国民,1991,流量与水温关系的模型研究及地震水温前兆机制的探讨,中国地震,7(3),88～94。
张昭栋、郑金涵、耿杰等,2002,地下水潮汐现象的物理机制和统一数学方程,地震地质,24(2),208～214。
中国地震局,2001,地震及前兆数字观测技术规范(地下流体观测),北京:地震出版社,5～56。
Koizumi N,满开信译,1990,固体潮引起流量变化的地下水化学组分与温度分析,地震地质译丛,1,29～35。
Bredehoeft J D,1967,Response of Well-Aquifer Systems to Earth Tides,Journal of Geophysical Research,72(12),3075～3087.
Cermak V,Safanda J,Bodri L,2008,Precise temperature monitoring in boreholes:evidence for oscillatory convection-Part I:Experiments and field data,Int.J.Earth Sci,97:365～373.
Cermak V,Bodri L,Safanda J,2009,Tidal modulation of temperature oscillations monitored in borehole Yaxcopoil-1(Yucatán,Mexico),Earth and Planetary Science Letters,282,131～139.
Furuya I,Shimamura H,1988,Groundwater microtemperature and strain,Geophys.J,94,345～353.
Esipko O A,Rosaev A E,2007,The temperature monitoring in Vorotilovo deep well and global climate warming,Geophys.Res.Abst,9:00533.
Kitagawa Y,Koizumi N,Tsuskutta T,1996,Comparison of post-seismic groundwater temperature changes with earthquake-induced volumetric strain release:Yundani hot spring,Japan,Geophysical Research Letters,23(22),3147～3150.
Mogi K,Mochizuki H,Kurokawa Y,1989,Temperature changes in an artesian spring at Usami in the Izu Peninsula(Japan)andtheir relation to earthquakes,Tectonophysics,159,95～108.
Rosaev,A.E.,Esipko,O.A.,2003,Lithospheric tidal effects from observation in deep wells,Celestial Mechanics andDynamical Astronomy,87,203～207.
Shimamura A,Ino M,Hikawa H,1984,Groundwater microtemperature in earthquake regions,PAGEOPH.,122,932～946.
车用太、鱼金子、刘春国,1996,我国地震地下水温度观测与研究,水文地质工程地质,23(4):34～37。
陈立军,1993,动水位观测原理,地震,(2):55～60。
杜品仁,1991,气压变化及其对地壳形变和深井水位的影响,地球物理学报,34(1):73～81。
付子忠,1988,地热动态观测与地热前兆,地壳构造与地壳应力文集,(1),1～7。
孙小龙、刘耀炜,2007,本溪自流井水位与水温同震变化关系研究,大地测量与地球动力学,27(6),100～104。
张国民、傅征祥、桂燮泰等,2001,地震预报引论,北京:科学出版社,321。
张永仙、石耀霖、张国民,1991,流量与水温关系的模型研究及地震水温前兆机制的探讨,中国地震,7(3),88～94。
张昭栋、郑金涵、耿杰等,2002,地下水潮汐现象的物理机制和统一数学方程,地震地质,24(2),208～214。
中国地震局,2001,地震及前兆数字观测技术规范(地下流体观测),北京:地震出版社,5～56。
Koizumi N,满开信译,1990,固体潮引起流量变化的地下水化学组分与温度分析,地震地质译丛,1,29～35。
Bredehoeft J D,1967,Response of Well-Aquifer Systems to Earth Tides,Journal of Geophysical Research,72(12),3075～3087.
Cermak V,Safanda J,Bodri L,2008,Precise temperature monitoring in boreholes:evidence for oscillatory convection-Part I:Experiments and field data,Int.J.Earth Sci,97:365～373.
Cermak V,Bodri L,Safanda J,2009,Tidal modulation of temperature oscillations monitored in borehole Yaxcopoil-1(Yucatán,Mexico),Earth and Planetary Science Letters,282,131～139.
Furuya I,Shimamura H,1988,Groundwater microtemperature and strain,Geophys.J,94,345～353.
Esipko O A,Rosaev A E,2007,The temperature monitoring in Vorotilovo deep well and global climate warming,Geophys.Res.Abst,9:00533.
Kitagawa Y,Koizumi N,Tsuskutta T,1996,Comparison of post-seismic groundwater temperature changes with earthquake-induced volumetric strain release:Yundani hot spring,Japan,Geophysical Research Letters,23(22),3147～3150.
Mogi K,Mochizuki H,Kurokawa Y,1989,Temperature changes in an artesian spring at Usami in the Izu Peninsula(Japan)andtheir relation to earthquakes,Tectonophysics,159,95～108.
Rosaev,A.E.,Esipko,O.A.,2003,Lithospheric tidal effects from observation in deep wells,Celestial Mechanics andDynamical Astronomy,87,203～207.
Shimamura A,Ino M,Hikawa H,1984,Groundwater microtemperature in earthquake regions,PAGEOPH.,122,932～946.
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