基于S变换的吸收衰减技术在含气储层预测中的应用研究
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摘要
地层品质因子Q值反映了介质的吸收衰减特性,是检测气藏的重要参数。当研究区地质情况较复杂,存在如火成岩等高阻抗体时,难以区分强振幅是由含气还是高阻抗体引起。首先利用相似背景分离技术对地震资料进行预处理,去除与地层特征无关的信息;然后对叠前地震资料进行S变换,得到S域时频谱,再利用S域谱比法逐道求取频谱比斜率值;最后通过线性回归得到零偏移距地层Q值。该方法充分利用了叠前地震资料含有丰富的地层信息和S变换具有较高的时频分辨率等优点。将该方法应用于实际地震资料提取地层Q值,计算结果表明,在含气区Q值比较低,异常现象明显,在非含气区例如高阻抗体处Q值比较高,无异常现象,从而更真实地反应出地层的吸收特征,提高了含气储层的预测精度。
The formation quality value Q reflects the absorption and attenuation characteristics of medium,which is an important parameter for gas detection.When the geologic conditions are complex,for example,existing high-impedance geologic bodies such as igneous rock,it is difficult to distinguish the strong amplitude caused by gas or high-impedance geologic bodies.In order to solve the problem,firstly,pre-processing is carried out on seismic data by using the similar background separation technique to remove the information irrelevant to stratigraphic characteristics.Then,time-frequency spectrum in S domain is obtained by applying the S transform on pre-stack seismic data,combined with spectral ratio method in S domain,the slope of spectral ratio.Finally,by linear regression we can obtain the Q value of zero-offset seismic data.This method makes full use of the advantages of the pre-stack seismic data containing more information than the post-stack seismic data and high time-frequency resolution of the S transform.Moreover,the method was applied to extract the Q value of actual seismic data.The results show that Q values in the gas-bearing zone are relatively low and anomalies are obvious;on the contrary,in the non-gas-bearing zone such as high-impedance geologic bodies,Q values are relatively high,and there is no anomaly.Thus,the technique can better reflect the absorption characteristics of formation and improves the prediction accuracy of gas-bearing reservoir.
The formation quality value Q reflects the absorption and attenuation characteristics of medium,which is an important parameter for gas detection.When the geologic conditions are complex,for example,existing high-impedance geologic bodies such as igneous rock,it is difficult to distinguish the strong amplitude caused by gas or high-impedance geologic bodies.In order to solve the problem,firstly,pre-processing is carried out on seismic data by using the similar background separation technique to remove the information irrelevant to stratigraphic characteristics.Then,time-frequency spectrum in S domain is obtained by applying the S transform on pre-stack seismic data,combined with spectral ratio method in S domain,the slope of spectral ratio.Finally,by linear regression we can obtain the Q value of zero-offset seismic data.This method makes full use of the advantages of the pre-stack seismic data containing more information than the post-stack seismic data and high time-frequency resolution of the S transform.Moreover,the method was applied to extract the Q value of actual seismic data.The results show that Q values in the gas-bearing zone are relatively low and anomalies are obvious;on the contrary,in the non-gas-bearing zone such as high-impedance geologic bodies,Q values are relatively high,and there is no anomaly.Thus,the technique can better reflect the absorption characteristics of formation and improves the prediction accuracy of gas-bearing reservoir.
引文
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[11]Wang X J,Yin X Y,Wu G C.Estimation of layerquality factors from pre-stack seismic data[J].Ex-panded Abstracts of 80th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2010,192–196
[12]黄饶,陈小宏,李景叶.基于谱分解的气藏识别技术与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):35-39Huang R,Chen X H,Li J Y.Gas reservoir identifi-cation technique and its application based on spectradecomposition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(1):35-39
[13]邹文.S-变换时频分析技术及其在地震勘探中的应用研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2005:17-26Zou W.S-Transform Time-frequency analysis tech-nology and its application research in seismic pros-pecting[D].Beijing:China University of Geosci-ences,2005:17-26
[14]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology[M].SanFransisco,U S A:W H Freeman and Company,1980
[15]赵铭海.地震相似背景分离技术在东营凹陷的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(4):25-27Zhao M H.Application of separation technology inseismic similar background to Dongying sag[J].Pe-troleum Geology and Recovery efficiency,2004,11(4):25-27
[16]汪恩华,万忠宏.基于相似背景的储层预测方法及效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):85-89Wang E H,Wan Z H.Predicting method for reser-voir based on similar background and its effects[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(1):85-89
[17]Lichman E,GoloshubinG.Unified Approach to Gasand Fluid Detection on Instantaneous Seismic Wave-lets[J].Expanded Abstracts of 73rd Annual InternatSEG Mtg,2003,1699-1702
[18]Dasgupta R,Clark R A.Estimation of Qfrom sur-face reflection data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6):2120-2128
[19]王小杰,印兴耀,吴国忱.基于叠前地震数据的地层Q值估计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):423-428Wang X J,Yin X Y,Wu G C.Estimation of strati-graphic quality factors on pre-stack seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):423-428
[20]李生杰,施行觉,王宝善,等.地层衰减在地震记录上的特征分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):248-253Li S J,Shi X J,Wang B S,et al.Analyzing charactersof formation attenuation on seismic records[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,2002,37(3):248-253
[2]李振春,王清振.地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1147-1152Li Z C,Wang Q Z.A review of research on mecha-nism of seismic attenuation and energy compensation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,2(4):1147-1152
[3]王建民,陈树民,苏茂鑫,等.近地表高频补偿技术在三维地震勘探中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1837-1843Wang J M,Chen S M,Su M X,et al.A study of thenear surface high-frequency compensation technolo-gy in 3-D seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2007,50(6):1837-1843
[4]Rainer T.The determination of the seismic qualityfactor Qfrom VSP data:a comparison of differentcomputational methods[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting,1991,39(1):1-27
[5]Futterman W I.Dispersive body waves[J].Journalof Geophysical research,1962,7(13):5279-5291
[6]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:35-56Yu S P.High resolution seismic exploration[M].Beijing:The Press of Petroleum Industry,1993:35-56
[7]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1993:261-270Lu J M.The principle of seismic exploration[M].Dongying:The Press of China University of Petrole-um,1993:261-270
[8]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭,等.基于广义S变换研究地震地层特征[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):440-451Liu X W,Liu H,Li Y M,et al.Study on characteris-tics of seismic stratigraphy by generalized S-trans-form[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):440-451
[9]董宁,杨立强.基于小波变换的吸收衰减技术在塔河油田储层预测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):533-538Dong N,Yang L Q.Application of absorption andattenuation based on wavelet transform for predic-tion of reservoir in tahe oilfield[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2008,23(2):533-538
[10]李军亮.相似背景目标分离技术在滩坝砂储层预测中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2008,5(3):332-336Li J L.The application of separation technology inseismic semblance background to reservoir predic-tion of Beach-Bar sandbody[J].Chinese Journal ofEngineering Geophysics,2008,5(3):332-336
[11]Wang X J,Yin X Y,Wu G C.Estimation of layerquality factors from pre-stack seismic data[J].Ex-panded Abstracts of 80th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2010,192–196
[12]黄饶,陈小宏,李景叶.基于谱分解的气藏识别技术与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):35-39Huang R,Chen X H,Li J Y.Gas reservoir identifi-cation technique and its application based on spectradecomposition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(1):35-39
[13]邹文.S-变换时频分析技术及其在地震勘探中的应用研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2005:17-26Zou W.S-Transform Time-frequency analysis tech-nology and its application research in seismic pros-pecting[D].Beijing:China University of Geosci-ences,2005:17-26
[14]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology[M].SanFransisco,U S A:W H Freeman and Company,1980
[15]赵铭海.地震相似背景分离技术在东营凹陷的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(4):25-27Zhao M H.Application of separation technology inseismic similar background to Dongying sag[J].Pe-troleum Geology and Recovery efficiency,2004,11(4):25-27
[16]汪恩华,万忠宏.基于相似背景的储层预测方法及效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):85-89Wang E H,Wan Z H.Predicting method for reser-voir based on similar background and its effects[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(1):85-89
[17]Lichman E,GoloshubinG.Unified Approach to Gasand Fluid Detection on Instantaneous Seismic Wave-lets[J].Expanded Abstracts of 73rd Annual InternatSEG Mtg,2003,1699-1702
[18]Dasgupta R,Clark R A.Estimation of Qfrom sur-face reflection data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6):2120-2128
[19]王小杰,印兴耀,吴国忱.基于叠前地震数据的地层Q值估计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):423-428Wang X J,Yin X Y,Wu G C.Estimation of strati-graphic quality factors on pre-stack seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):423-428
[20]李生杰,施行觉,王宝善,等.地层衰减在地震记录上的特征分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):248-253Li S J,Shi X J,Wang B S,et al.Analyzing charactersof formation attenuation on seismic records[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,2002,37(3):248-253
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