跨断层流动形变监测环境及监测技术探讨
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摘要
对首都圈地区跨断层流动形变监测环境的考察发现,某些监测场地中(近20%)存在一定的非地震因素影响。为减少非地震因素的影响,跨断层流动形变水准和基线应该同桩观测;测量仪器应该由具有更高测量精度和稳定性的DiNi电子水准仪代替Ni002光学水准仪,用Di2002甚至TC2003和TCA系列仪器代替传统的24 m基线尺。
On the basis of the study of cross-fault mobile deformation monitoring environment in the Capital Region of China, it is found that there are a few sites(near 20%) impacted by the non-seismic factors. So we suggest that the crustal deformation monitoring techniques(instruments) and the cross-fault deformation surveying line layout should be improved and the cross-fault flow deformation level ling survey and baseline level of observation should be at the same pile.The baseline survey pile of existing level and baseline measurements should be technologically transformed at the appropriate time,in the measurement instrumentation: DiNi electronic level should be used instead of Ni002 Optical Level,Di2002 even TC2003 and TCA series of instruments should be used instead of the 24m traditional foot baseline deformation monitoring.
On the basis of the study of cross-fault mobile deformation monitoring environment in the Capital Region of China, it is found that there are a few sites(near 20%) impacted by the non-seismic factors. So we suggest that the crustal deformation monitoring techniques(instruments) and the cross-fault deformation surveying line layout should be improved and the cross-fault flow deformation level ling survey and baseline level of observation should be at the same pile.The baseline survey pile of existing level and baseline measurements should be technologically transformed at the appropriate time,in the measurement instrumentation: DiNi electronic level should be used instead of Ni002 Optical Level,Di2002 even TC2003 and TCA series of instruments should be used instead of the 24m traditional foot baseline deformation monitoring.
引文
1张国民,等.大同-阳高地震研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.(Zhang guomin,et al.Datong-Yanggao earthquake re-search[M].Beijing:Seimological Press,1993)
2车兆宏.唐山及大同-阳高地震大地形变与重力前兆综合研究[J].山西地震,1995,(1):34-38.(Che Zhaohong.Acomprehensive research on the precursory geodetic deforma-tion and gravity variation of Tangshan and Datong-Yanggaoearthquakes[J].Earthquake Research in Shanxi,1995,(1):34-38)
3张国民,等.一九九八年张北地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.(Zhang Guomin,et al.1998 Zhangbei earthquake[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1999)
4陆明勇.地壳形变与地下水相互作用及“双力源”前兆观点[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,(1):76-83.(LuMingyong.Muyual action between crustal deformation andunder ground water and view of seismic precursor of“doubleforce source”[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2006,(1):76-83)
5陆明勇,等.华北强震前地下流体长趋势变化特征及其产生机理的研究[J].西北地震学报,2010,32(2):129-138.(Lu Mingyong,et al.Study on characteristics of long-time trend change of subsurface fluid before strong earth-quake in North China and its mechanism[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,32(2):129-138)
6车兆宏,范燕,马牧军.华北地区震前断层异常活动方式[J].地震,2004,24(2):109-118.(Che Zhaohong,FanYan and Ma Mujun.Pattern of the fault movement beforeearthquakes in the North China region[J].Earthquake,24(2):109-118)
7车兆宏.我国断层形变观测在地震研究中的进展及问题[J].国际地震动态,2003,299:11-14.(Che Zhaohong.Progress and problems of the fault deformation observation inthe earthquake researches in China[J].Recent Develop-ments in World Seismology,2003,299:11-14)
8陈鑫连,顾国华.GPS精密卫星定位技术在我国地球科学中的应用——中国地壳运动观测网络工程进展[A].西部大开发:科教先行与可持续发展———中国科协2000年学术年会文集[C].北京:科学技术出版社,2000.(Chenxinlian and Gu guohua.Precise GPS satellite positioningtechnology in our earth science applications———China Crus-tal Movement Observation Network Engineering Progress[A].“Go West:advance science and education and sus-tainable development———China Association 2000 AnnualMeeting Proceedings”[C].Beijing:Science and Technolo-gy Press,2000)
9巩守文,祝意青,任道胜.威特DI2002测距仪性能及其与ME-3000反射镜匹配研究[J].地壳形变与地震,1995,(2):43-50.(Gong Shouwen,Zhu Yiqing and Ren Daosh-en.Performance wild DI2002 ranger and the investigation onmatching ME-3000 reflector[J].Crustal Deformation andEarthquake,1995,(2):43-50)
10顾庆华.DINI12电子水准仪在台站短水准测撬巾的应用[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2006,27(3):96-100.(Gu Qinghua.Application of DINI12 electron water levelfor the short distance level measure in seismostation[J].Seisological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2006,27(3):96-100)
11焦明连,蒋廷臣.PSInSAR技术在地表形变监测中的应用研究[J].全球定位系统,2008,33(4):7-10.(JiaoMinglian and Jiang Tingchen.Monitoring of ground deforma-tion with PSInSAR[J].GNSS World of China,2008,33(4):7-10)
12刘基余.60年距离测量的演变[J].海洋测绘,2010,30(2):74-78.(Liu Jiyu.he distance measurement evolutionin 60 years[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2010,30(2):74-78)
13陆盛泉.南通地震台数字水准仪观测效果的分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2009,30(5):65-70.(LuShengquan.Analysis on the effect of dgital level observationin Nantong Seismostation[J].Seisological and Geomagnet-ic Observation and Research,2009,30(5):65-70)
14牛之俊,等.中国地壳运动观测网络[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2002,(3):88-93.(Niu Zhijun,et al.Crutalmovement observation network of china[J].Journal of Ge-odesy and Geodynamics,2002,(3):88-93)
15卫建东,等.TCA2003测量机器人在南水大坝监测网测量中的应用[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2005,29(1):70-73.(Wei Jiandong,et al.Application of georobot tomonitoring network of Nanshui Dam[J].Hydropower Auto-mation and Dam Monitoring,2005,29(1):70-73)
16张景发,龚利霞,姜文亮.PS InSAR技术在地壳长期缓慢形变监测中的应用[J].国际地震动态,2006,(6):1-6.(Zhang Jingfa,Gong Lixia and Jiang Wenliang.Appli-cation of PS-InSAR technique to measurement of long-term crustal deformatio[J].Recent Developments in WorldSeismology,2006,(6):1-6)
17张祖胜.中国地壳运动观测网络[J].中国基础科学,2001,(3):45-49.(Zhang Zusheng.The crustal movementobservation network of China[J].China Basic Science,2001,(3):45-49)
18周昌贤.GPS技术在监测地震与地壳运动中的应用[N].科技创新导报-技术创新,2009,32:20.(ZhouChangxian.GPS technology to monitor earthquakes andcrustal movement in the application[N].Science and Tech-nology Consulting Herald,2009,32:20)
19祝意青,巩守义,刘练.威特DI2002测距仪实测精度分析[J].地震研究,1997,20(3):332-338.(Zhu Yiqing,Gong Shouwen and Liu Lian.Ranging precision analysis ofwild DI 2022 ranger[J].Journal of Seismological Re-search,1997,20(3):332-338)
20国家地震局.跨断层测量规范[S].北京:地震出版社,1991.(State Seismological Bureau.Cross-fault measure-ment standard[S].Beijing:Seismological Press,1991)
2车兆宏.唐山及大同-阳高地震大地形变与重力前兆综合研究[J].山西地震,1995,(1):34-38.(Che Zhaohong.Acomprehensive research on the precursory geodetic deforma-tion and gravity variation of Tangshan and Datong-Yanggaoearthquakes[J].Earthquake Research in Shanxi,1995,(1):34-38)
3张国民,等.一九九八年张北地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.(Zhang Guomin,et al.1998 Zhangbei earthquake[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1999)
4陆明勇.地壳形变与地下水相互作用及“双力源”前兆观点[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,(1):76-83.(LuMingyong.Muyual action between crustal deformation andunder ground water and view of seismic precursor of“doubleforce source”[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2006,(1):76-83)
5陆明勇,等.华北强震前地下流体长趋势变化特征及其产生机理的研究[J].西北地震学报,2010,32(2):129-138.(Lu Mingyong,et al.Study on characteristics of long-time trend change of subsurface fluid before strong earth-quake in North China and its mechanism[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,32(2):129-138)
6车兆宏,范燕,马牧军.华北地区震前断层异常活动方式[J].地震,2004,24(2):109-118.(Che Zhaohong,FanYan and Ma Mujun.Pattern of the fault movement beforeearthquakes in the North China region[J].Earthquake,24(2):109-118)
7车兆宏.我国断层形变观测在地震研究中的进展及问题[J].国际地震动态,2003,299:11-14.(Che Zhaohong.Progress and problems of the fault deformation observation inthe earthquake researches in China[J].Recent Develop-ments in World Seismology,2003,299:11-14)
8陈鑫连,顾国华.GPS精密卫星定位技术在我国地球科学中的应用——中国地壳运动观测网络工程进展[A].西部大开发:科教先行与可持续发展———中国科协2000年学术年会文集[C].北京:科学技术出版社,2000.(Chenxinlian and Gu guohua.Precise GPS satellite positioningtechnology in our earth science applications———China Crus-tal Movement Observation Network Engineering Progress[A].“Go West:advance science and education and sus-tainable development———China Association 2000 AnnualMeeting Proceedings”[C].Beijing:Science and Technolo-gy Press,2000)
9巩守文,祝意青,任道胜.威特DI2002测距仪性能及其与ME-3000反射镜匹配研究[J].地壳形变与地震,1995,(2):43-50.(Gong Shouwen,Zhu Yiqing and Ren Daosh-en.Performance wild DI2002 ranger and the investigation onmatching ME-3000 reflector[J].Crustal Deformation andEarthquake,1995,(2):43-50)
10顾庆华.DINI12电子水准仪在台站短水准测撬巾的应用[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2006,27(3):96-100.(Gu Qinghua.Application of DINI12 electron water levelfor the short distance level measure in seismostation[J].Seisological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2006,27(3):96-100)
11焦明连,蒋廷臣.PSInSAR技术在地表形变监测中的应用研究[J].全球定位系统,2008,33(4):7-10.(JiaoMinglian and Jiang Tingchen.Monitoring of ground deforma-tion with PSInSAR[J].GNSS World of China,2008,33(4):7-10)
12刘基余.60年距离测量的演变[J].海洋测绘,2010,30(2):74-78.(Liu Jiyu.he distance measurement evolutionin 60 years[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2010,30(2):74-78)
13陆盛泉.南通地震台数字水准仪观测效果的分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2009,30(5):65-70.(LuShengquan.Analysis on the effect of dgital level observationin Nantong Seismostation[J].Seisological and Geomagnet-ic Observation and Research,2009,30(5):65-70)
14牛之俊,等.中国地壳运动观测网络[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2002,(3):88-93.(Niu Zhijun,et al.Crutalmovement observation network of china[J].Journal of Ge-odesy and Geodynamics,2002,(3):88-93)
15卫建东,等.TCA2003测量机器人在南水大坝监测网测量中的应用[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2005,29(1):70-73.(Wei Jiandong,et al.Application of georobot tomonitoring network of Nanshui Dam[J].Hydropower Auto-mation and Dam Monitoring,2005,29(1):70-73)
16张景发,龚利霞,姜文亮.PS InSAR技术在地壳长期缓慢形变监测中的应用[J].国际地震动态,2006,(6):1-6.(Zhang Jingfa,Gong Lixia and Jiang Wenliang.Appli-cation of PS-InSAR technique to measurement of long-term crustal deformatio[J].Recent Developments in WorldSeismology,2006,(6):1-6)
17张祖胜.中国地壳运动观测网络[J].中国基础科学,2001,(3):45-49.(Zhang Zusheng.The crustal movementobservation network of China[J].China Basic Science,2001,(3):45-49)
18周昌贤.GPS技术在监测地震与地壳运动中的应用[N].科技创新导报-技术创新,2009,32:20.(ZhouChangxian.GPS technology to monitor earthquakes andcrustal movement in the application[N].Science and Tech-nology Consulting Herald,2009,32:20)
19祝意青,巩守义,刘练.威特DI2002测距仪实测精度分析[J].地震研究,1997,20(3):332-338.(Zhu Yiqing,Gong Shouwen and Liu Lian.Ranging precision analysis ofwild DI 2022 ranger[J].Journal of Seismological Re-search,1997,20(3):332-338)
20国家地震局.跨断层测量规范[S].北京:地震出版社,1991.(State Seismological Bureau.Cross-fault measure-ment standard[S].Beijing:Seismological Press,1991)
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