尼日尔三角洲盆地深水沉积的二元结构特征及层序划分
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摘要
本文根据测井曲线及地震相特征,建立了深水层序界面划分的5种判别标准,将尼日尔三角洲盆地深水区中中新统—上中新统地层划分了6个三级层序,2个二级层序。根据深水沉积自身沉积旋回所具有的二元结构特征及三角洲与陆架区相对海平面变化之间的关系,将经典的三分体系域划分为二分体系域:异地沉积体系域和原地沉积体系域。其中,异地沉积体系域从基准面下降开始—海侵早期,主要发育重力流沉积(块状搬运沉积、浊积扇);原地沉积体系域从海侵中、晚期—基准面上升最大位置结束,主要以原地沉降的泥质披覆沉积为主。本文分析了层序发育的影响因素,综合研究认为:气候条件、海平面变化、构造抬升、沉积物供给、大陆架宽窄等共同制约了研究区深水沉积层序的发育。
Based on bore logs and seismic facies characters,the article establishes five criteria for judging sequence boundary of deep-water setting.The strata of middle-upper Miocene in the Nigeria deep-water setting areas were divided into six third-order sequences,two second-order sequences.According to two-component constitution feature of deep-water depositional cycle,the relation between the deltas and the relative sea-level change in shelf area,this study modified classic threefold division of system tracts into twofold division of system tracts:allogenetic system tract and autogenetic system tract.Allogenetic system tract starts from base level descending to early stage of transgression,and it mainly has gravity current deposits that are composed of mass transport deposits and turbidite fans.Autogenetic systems tract starts from middle-late stage of transgression to base level rising to the highest position,and it mainly deposits pelagic and hemipelagic argillaceous sediments.This study also analyzed controlling factors of sequence stratigraphy development.Comprehensive study shows that many factors such weather condition,seal level change,tectonic lifting,sediments supply,and width of continental shelf jointly determine sequence development of deep-water deposit sequences.
Based on bore logs and seismic facies characters,the article establishes five criteria for judging sequence boundary of deep-water setting.The strata of middle-upper Miocene in the Nigeria deep-water setting areas were divided into six third-order sequences,two second-order sequences.According to two-component constitution feature of deep-water depositional cycle,the relation between the deltas and the relative sea-level change in shelf area,this study modified classic threefold division of system tracts into twofold division of system tracts:allogenetic system tract and autogenetic system tract.Allogenetic system tract starts from base level descending to early stage of transgression,and it mainly has gravity current deposits that are composed of mass transport deposits and turbidite fans.Autogenetic systems tract starts from middle-late stage of transgression to base level rising to the highest position,and it mainly deposits pelagic and hemipelagic argillaceous sediments.This study also analyzed controlling factors of sequence stratigraphy development.Comprehensive study shows that many factors such weather condition,seal level change,tectonic lifting,sediments supply,and width of continental shelf jointly determine sequence development of deep-water deposit sequences.
引文
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何幼斌,李向东,罗进雄,罗顺社,刘学锋.2009.宁夏香山群深水沉积类型及其研究意义.石油天然气学报,31(6):11～17.
郭成贤.2000.我国深水异地沉积研究三十年.古地理学报,2(1):1～9.
蒋恕,王华,Paul W.2008.深水沉积层序特点及构成要素.地球科学,33(6):825～833.
李东海.2002.深水异地沉积与油气勘探.江汉石油学院学报,24(1):5～25.
李国玉,金之均主编.2005.世界含油气盆地图集.北京:石油工业出版社,320～321.
李磊,王英民,黄志超,任亚红,张莲美.2008.尼日尔三角洲深水区层序地层及地震相研究.沉积学报,26(3):407～416.
李磊,王英民,张莲美,黄志超.2010.尼日尔三角洲下陆坡限定性重力流沉积过程及响应.中国科学(D辑):地球科学,40(11):1591～1597.
童晓光,关增淼编.2002.世界石油勘探开发图集(非洲地区分册).北京:石油工业出版社,9～13.
Blum M D,Price D M.1998.Quaternary alluvial plain construction inresponse to glacio-eustatic and climatic controls,Texas Gulfcoastal plain.Society for Sedimentary Geology,42:110～124.
Blum M B,Womack J H.2009.Climate change,sea-level change,and fluvial sediment supply to deepwater depositional systems:areview.Society for Sedimentary Geology,92:15～39.
Corredor F,Shaw J H,Bilotti F.2005.Structural styles in the deep-water fold and thrust belts of the Niger Delta.AAPG Memoir,89:753～780.
Carvajal C R,Steel R J.2006.Thick turbidite successions fromsupply-dominated shelves during sea-level highstand.GeologicalSociety of America,34(8):665～668.
Gibling M R,Tandon S K,Sinha R,Jain M.2005.Discontinuity-bounded alluvial sequences of the southern Gangetic Plains,India:aggradation and degradation inresponse to monsoonal strength.Journal of Sedimentary Research,75(3):369～385.
Lavier L L,Steckler M S,Brigaud F.2001.Climatic and tectoniccontrol on the cenozoic evolution of the West African margin.Marine Geology,178:63～80.
Nwachukwu S O.1972.The tectonic evolution of the southern portionof the Benue Trough,Nigeria.Geological Magazine,109(5):411～419.
Catuneanu O,Abreub V,Bhattacharya J P,Blum M D,Dalrymple RW,Eriksson P G,Fielding C R,Fisher W L,Galloway W E,Gibling M R,Giles K A,Holbrook J M,Jordan R,Kendall C G SC,Macurda B,Martinsen O J,Miall A D,Neal J E,Nummedal D,Pomar L,Posamentier H W.2009.Towards the standardizationof sequence stratigraphy.Earth-Science Reviews,92:1～33.
Catuneanu O.2009.Principles of sequence stratigraphy.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,165～234.
Olariu C,Steel R J.2009.Influence of point-source sediment-supply onmodern shelf-slope morphology:implications for interpretation ofancient shelf margins.Basin Research,21:484～501.
Posamentier H W,Vail P R.1988.Eustatic controls on clasticdepositionⅡ-sequence and systems tract models.Society forSedimentary Geology,42:110～124.
Posamentier H W,Allen G P.1999.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy:concepts and applications.Society for Sedimentary Geology,98～158.
Posamentier H W,Kolla V.2003.Seismic geomorphology andstratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings.Journal of Sedimentary Research,73(3):367～388.
Porebski S J,Steel R J.2006.Deltas and sea-level change.Journal ofSedimentary Research,76:390～403.
Reijers T J,Petters S W,Nwajide C S.1997.The Niger Delta basin.In:Selley R C(Eds).Sedimentary Basins of the World,Africanbasins.Amsterdam:Elsevier Science,151～172.
Séranne M.1999.Early Oligocene stratigraphic turnover on the westAfrica continental margin:a signature of the Tertiary greenhouse-to-icehouse transition?Terra Nova,11(4):135～140.
Saugy L,Eyer J A.2003.Fifty years of exploration in the NigerDelta,West Africa.In:Halbouty M,Horn M(Eds).Giant Oiland Gas Fields of the Decade,1990-2000.AAPG Memoir,78:211～226.
Saller A H,Noah J T,Ruzuar A P,Schneider R.2004.Linkedlowstand delta to basin-floor fan deposition offshore Indonesia:An analog for deep-water reservoir systems.AAPG Memoir,88(1):21～46.
Séranne M,Anka Z.2005.South Atlantic continental margins ofAfrica:A comparison of the tectonic vs climate interplay on theevolution of equatorial west Africa and SW Africa margins.Journal of African Earth Sciences,43(1-3):283～300.
何幼斌,李向东,罗进雄,罗顺社,刘学锋.2009.宁夏香山群深水沉积类型及其研究意义.石油天然气学报,31(6):11～17.
郭成贤.2000.我国深水异地沉积研究三十年.古地理学报,2(1):1～9.
蒋恕,王华,Paul W.2008.深水沉积层序特点及构成要素.地球科学,33(6):825～833.
李东海.2002.深水异地沉积与油气勘探.江汉石油学院学报,24(1):5～25.
李国玉,金之均主编.2005.世界含油气盆地图集.北京:石油工业出版社,320～321.
李磊,王英民,黄志超,任亚红,张莲美.2008.尼日尔三角洲深水区层序地层及地震相研究.沉积学报,26(3):407～416.
李磊,王英民,张莲美,黄志超.2010.尼日尔三角洲下陆坡限定性重力流沉积过程及响应.中国科学(D辑):地球科学,40(11):1591～1597.
童晓光,关增淼编.2002.世界石油勘探开发图集(非洲地区分册).北京:石油工业出版社,9～13.
Blum M D,Price D M.1998.Quaternary alluvial plain construction inresponse to glacio-eustatic and climatic controls,Texas Gulfcoastal plain.Society for Sedimentary Geology,42:110～124.
Blum M B,Womack J H.2009.Climate change,sea-level change,and fluvial sediment supply to deepwater depositional systems:areview.Society for Sedimentary Geology,92:15～39.
Corredor F,Shaw J H,Bilotti F.2005.Structural styles in the deep-water fold and thrust belts of the Niger Delta.AAPG Memoir,89:753～780.
Carvajal C R,Steel R J.2006.Thick turbidite successions fromsupply-dominated shelves during sea-level highstand.GeologicalSociety of America,34(8):665～668.
Gibling M R,Tandon S K,Sinha R,Jain M.2005.Discontinuity-bounded alluvial sequences of the southern Gangetic Plains,India:aggradation and degradation inresponse to monsoonal strength.Journal of Sedimentary Research,75(3):369～385.
Lavier L L,Steckler M S,Brigaud F.2001.Climatic and tectoniccontrol on the cenozoic evolution of the West African margin.Marine Geology,178:63～80.
Nwachukwu S O.1972.The tectonic evolution of the southern portionof the Benue Trough,Nigeria.Geological Magazine,109(5):411～419.
Catuneanu O,Abreub V,Bhattacharya J P,Blum M D,Dalrymple RW,Eriksson P G,Fielding C R,Fisher W L,Galloway W E,Gibling M R,Giles K A,Holbrook J M,Jordan R,Kendall C G SC,Macurda B,Martinsen O J,Miall A D,Neal J E,Nummedal D,Pomar L,Posamentier H W.2009.Towards the standardizationof sequence stratigraphy.Earth-Science Reviews,92:1～33.
Catuneanu O.2009.Principles of sequence stratigraphy.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,165～234.
Olariu C,Steel R J.2009.Influence of point-source sediment-supply onmodern shelf-slope morphology:implications for interpretation ofancient shelf margins.Basin Research,21:484～501.
Posamentier H W,Vail P R.1988.Eustatic controls on clasticdepositionⅡ-sequence and systems tract models.Society forSedimentary Geology,42:110～124.
Posamentier H W,Allen G P.1999.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy:concepts and applications.Society for Sedimentary Geology,98～158.
Posamentier H W,Kolla V.2003.Seismic geomorphology andstratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings.Journal of Sedimentary Research,73(3):367～388.
Porebski S J,Steel R J.2006.Deltas and sea-level change.Journal ofSedimentary Research,76:390～403.
Reijers T J,Petters S W,Nwajide C S.1997.The Niger Delta basin.In:Selley R C(Eds).Sedimentary Basins of the World,Africanbasins.Amsterdam:Elsevier Science,151～172.
Séranne M.1999.Early Oligocene stratigraphic turnover on the westAfrica continental margin:a signature of the Tertiary greenhouse-to-icehouse transition?Terra Nova,11(4):135～140.
Saugy L,Eyer J A.2003.Fifty years of exploration in the NigerDelta,West Africa.In:Halbouty M,Horn M(Eds).Giant Oiland Gas Fields of the Decade,1990-2000.AAPG Memoir,78:211～226.
Saller A H,Noah J T,Ruzuar A P,Schneider R.2004.Linkedlowstand delta to basin-floor fan deposition offshore Indonesia:An analog for deep-water reservoir systems.AAPG Memoir,88(1):21～46.
Séranne M,Anka Z.2005.South Atlantic continental margins ofAfrica:A comparison of the tectonic vs climate interplay on theevolution of equatorial west Africa and SW Africa margins.Journal of African Earth Sciences,43(1-3):283～300.
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