延怀盆地土壤气体地球化学特征
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摘要
报道了延怀盆地422个测点的土壤气测量结果,讨论了各气体组分的区域地球化学特征及其控制因素,并探讨了气体地球化学背景场与区域地震地质的关系.2007年9—10月在首都圈西北部延怀盆地进行了野外土壤气体测量,获得该地区土壤气中Rn,Hg,CO2,H2,He和CH4的地球化学背景值分别为8105.8(±5937.4)Bq/m3,9.7(±5.8)ng/m3,395.9(±35.3)×10-6,4.0(±2.3)×10-6,15.9(±10.4)×10-6和12.7(±8.1)×10-6.延怀盆地土壤Rn,Hg,He和CO2气体地球化学背景场在空间上呈现东部高、西部低(以延矾盆地北缘断裂为界)的特征.控制土壤气体地球化学背景场的主要因素是气体组分的来源、地壳结构、断裂构造、地层和微生物作用.延怀盆地内东部上地壳内存在的低速体,构造活动性较强,深部来源的Hg和He,以及来源于花岗岩的Rn等对土壤气的贡献较大,是盆地东部土壤地球化学背景值较高的原因.这与延怀盆地东部地震活动性较强相对应.研究结果为研究区地震地球化学流动测量和异常判识奠定了基础.
Geochemical background and origin of soil gases in the Yanhuai basin are discussed based on the regional seismogeological data and concentration of Rn,Hg,CO2,H2,He and CH4 in soil gas measured at 422 investigating sites in field during September to October 2007.The geochemical background values of Rn,Hg,CO2,H2,He and CH4 are 8105.8(±5937.4)Bq/m3,9.7(±5.8)ng/m3,395.9(±35.3)×10-6,4.0(±2.3)×10-6,15.9(±10.4)×10-6 and 12.7(±8.1)×10-6,respectively.The geochemical backgrounds of the soil gases are higher in the eastern part of the Yanhuai basin.The main factors affecting the gasgeochemical background are gaseous origin structure of the crust,faults,stratum and microbe activity.The higher values of gasgeochemical background in the eastern part are attributed to the existence of low-velocity zones in the upper crust,stronger activity of tectonics and more contributions of Hg and He derived from the deep-earth and Rn originated from granite,corresponding to stronger earthquake activity.The result can be applied to identify seismic precursor from monitoring data of gases in the studied area.
Geochemical background and origin of soil gases in the Yanhuai basin are discussed based on the regional seismogeological data and concentration of Rn,Hg,CO2,H2,He and CH4 in soil gas measured at 422 investigating sites in field during September to October 2007.The geochemical background values of Rn,Hg,CO2,H2,He and CH4 are 8105.8(±5937.4)Bq/m3,9.7(±5.8)ng/m3,395.9(±35.3)×10-6,4.0(±2.3)×10-6,15.9(±10.4)×10-6 and 12.7(±8.1)×10-6,respectively.The geochemical backgrounds of the soil gases are higher in the eastern part of the Yanhuai basin.The main factors affecting the gasgeochemical background are gaseous origin structure of the crust,faults,stratum and microbe activity.The higher values of gasgeochemical background in the eastern part are attributed to the existence of low-velocity zones in the upper crust,stronger activity of tectonics and more contributions of Hg and He derived from the deep-earth and Rn originated from granite,corresponding to stronger earthquake activity.The result can be applied to identify seismic precursor from monitoring data of gases in the studied area.
引文
曹志成.2005.河北省地震监测志[M].北京:地震出版社:1-356.
车用太.2002.地下流体数字观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社:1-120.
车用太,王基华,鱼金子,刘五洲,宋贯一.2001.延怀盆地上地壳热流体特征及其与地震活动的关系[J].地震地质,23(1):49-54.
成瑾,李清河.1998.联合利用地震深反射与折射资料研究延怀盆地壳-幔过渡带的性质[J].地震学报,20(1):68-75.
杜建国,康春丽.2000a.地震地下流体发展概述[J].地震,20(增刊):107-113.
杜建国,康春丽.2000b.强地震前兆异常特征与深部流体作用探讨[J].地震,20(3):95-101.
杜建国,刘连柱,康春丽.1997.地震活动中地壳深部流体的作用研究进展[J].地球科学进展,12(5):416-420.
杜乐天.2005.地球排气作用的重大意义及研究进展[J].地质论评,51(2):174-180.
高文学,马瑾.1993.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害[M].北京:地震出版社:1-249.
谷元珠,林元武,张培仁.2001.气体地球化学方法在震后趋势判断中的应用[J].地震,21(2):102-105.
刘昌铨,嘉世旭,刘明军,李长法.1997.延庆-怀来盆地大震危险性分析研究[J].地震学报,19(5):517-523.
刘启元,王峻,陈九辉,李顺成,郭飚.2007.1976年唐山大地震的孕震环境:密集地震台阵观测得到的结果[J].地学前缘,14(6):205-213.
刘耀炜,陈华静,车用太.2006.我国地震地下流体观测研究40年发展与展望[J].国际地震动态,(7):3-12.
万永革,吴忠良,周公威,黄静,秦立新.2002.地震应力触发研究[J].地震学报,21(5):533-551.
汪成民.1990.中国地震地下水动态观测网[M].北京:地震出版社:5-50.
王广才,张作辰,汪民,王基华,刘五洲,易立新,孙明良.2003.延怀盆地地下热水与稀有气体的地球化学特征[J].地震地质,25(3):422-430.
王喜元,朱立,吕磊,王志龙,范光.2006.中国土壤氡概况[M].北京:科学出版社:1-277.
魏家珍,申春生.1995.汞测量用于地震预报研究实例剖析[J].物探与化探,18(3):216-222.
徐平.2006.北京市地震监测志[M].北京:地震出版社:1-200.
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,马胜利,马文涛,余贵华,顾梦林,江娃利.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社:1-376.
张炜,王吉易,鄂秀满.1988.水文地球化学预报地震的原理与方法[M].北京:教育科学出版社:1-277.
张炜,邢玉安,王吉易.1990.水化测报区和水预报指标的讨论[C]∥国家地震局科技监测司编.地震预报方法,实用化研究文集:水位水化专辑.北京:地震出版社:289-295.
周晓成,杜建国,王传远,曹忠权,易丽,刘雷.2007.西藏拉萨市土壤气中氡、汞环境地球化学特征[J].环境科学,28(3):659-663.
朱海生,赵赪民,李广辉,薛志芳,姜维.2006.延怀盆地构造特征及未来地震危险性评价[J].华北地震科学,24(1):38-42.
祖金华,吴乾蕃,廉雨方.1997.延庆-怀来盆地及其邻区地热研究[J].地震学报,19(4):442-444.
Annunziatellis A,Ciotoli G,Lombardi S,Nolasco F.2003.Short andlongtermgas hazard:The release of toxic gasesinthe Alban Hills volcanic area(Italy)[J].J Geochem Explor,77:93-108.
Baubron J C,Rigo A,Toutain J P.2002.Soil gas profiles as a tool to characterize active tectonic areas:The Jaut Passexample(Pyrenees,France)[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,196:69-81.
Chiodini G,Cardellini C,Amato A,Boschi E,Caliro S,Frondini F,Ventura G.2004.Carbon dioxide Earth degassingand seismogenesis in central and southern Italy[J].Geophys Res Lett,31,L07615,doi:10.1029/2004GL019480.
Ciotoli G,Guerra M,Lombardi S,Vittori E.1998.Soil gas survey for tracing seismogenic faults:A case study in theFucino Basin,central Italy[J].J Geophys Res,103:23781-23794.
Ciotoli G,Lombardi S,Annunziatellis A.2007.Geostatistical analysis of soil gas datain a high seismicintermontane ba-sin:Fucino Plain,central Italy[J].J Geophys Res,112,B05407,doi:10.1029/2005JB004044.
Ciotoli G,Lombardi S,Morandi S,Zarlenga F.2005.A multidisciplinary statistical approach to study the relationshipsbetween heliumleakage and neo-tectonic activity in a gas province:The Vasto Basin,Abruzzo-Molise(central Italy)[J].AAPG Bull,88(3):355-372.
Du J G,Si X Y,Chen Y X,Fu H,Jian C L,Guo WS.2008.Geochemical anomalies connected with great earthquakesin China∥Stefánssoned.Geochemistry Research Advances[M].New York:Nova Science Publishers Inc:57-92.
Fridman AI.1990.Application of naturally occurring gases as geochemical pathfindersin prospectingfor endogenetic de-posits[J].J Geochem Explor,38:1-11.
Fu Chingchou,Yang Tsanyaofrank,Walia Vivek,Chen Chenghong.2005.Reconnaissance of soil gas composition overthe buried fault and fracture zone in southern Tai wan[J].GeochemJ,39:427-439.
Holland P W,Emerson D E.1990.The global helium-4content of near-surface at mospheric air∥Geochemistryof Gase-ous Elements and Compounds[M].Athens:Theophrastus:93-113.
Igarashi G,Wakita H.1995.Geochemical and hydrological observations for earthquake prediction in Japan[J].J PhysEarth,43:585-598.
Igarashi G,Sacki S,Takahata N,Sumikawa K,Tasaka S,Sasaki Y,Takahashi M,Sano Y.1995.Groundwater radonanomaly before the Kobe earthquake in Japan[J].Science,269:60-61.
Irwin WP,Barnes I.1980.Tectonic relation of carbon dioxide discharges and earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,85:3115-3121.
King C Y,Koizumi N,Kitagawa Y.1995.Hydrogeochemical anomalies and the1995Kobe earthquake[J].Science,269:38-39.
Klussman R W.1993.Soil Gas and Related Methods for Natural Resource Exploration[M].New York:John Wiley:1-483.
Lombardi S,Etiope G,Guerra M,Ciotoli G,Grainger P,Duddridge G A,Gera F,Chiantore V,Pensieri R,GrindrodP,Impey M.1996.The Refinement of Soil Gas Analysis as a Geological Investigative Technique[R].Luxem-bourg:CEC Nuclear Science&Technology Series.EUR16929EN.
Steinitz G,Begin Z B,Gazit-Yaari N.2003.Statistically significant relation between radon flux and weak earthquakes inthe Dead Sea rift valley[J].Geology,31(6):505-508.
Sugisaki R.1983.Origin of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in fault gases andits relation to fault activity[J].J Geol,91:239-258.
Sugisaki R.1987.Behavior and origin of helium,neon,argon and nitrogen fromactive faults[J].J Geophys Res,92:12523-12530.
Sugisaki R.1978.Changing He/Ar and N2/Ar ratios of fault air may be earthquake precursors[J].Nature,275:209-211.
Toutain J P,Baubron J C.1999.Gas geochemistry and seismotectonics:Areview[J].Tectonophysics,304:1-27.
Zhang X,Sanderson DJ.1996.Numerical modeling of the effects of fault slip onfluidflowaround extensional faults[J].J Struct Geol,18:109-119.
车用太.2002.地下流体数字观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社:1-120.
车用太,王基华,鱼金子,刘五洲,宋贯一.2001.延怀盆地上地壳热流体特征及其与地震活动的关系[J].地震地质,23(1):49-54.
成瑾,李清河.1998.联合利用地震深反射与折射资料研究延怀盆地壳-幔过渡带的性质[J].地震学报,20(1):68-75.
杜建国,康春丽.2000a.地震地下流体发展概述[J].地震,20(增刊):107-113.
杜建国,康春丽.2000b.强地震前兆异常特征与深部流体作用探讨[J].地震,20(3):95-101.
杜建国,刘连柱,康春丽.1997.地震活动中地壳深部流体的作用研究进展[J].地球科学进展,12(5):416-420.
杜乐天.2005.地球排气作用的重大意义及研究进展[J].地质论评,51(2):174-180.
高文学,马瑾.1993.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害[M].北京:地震出版社:1-249.
谷元珠,林元武,张培仁.2001.气体地球化学方法在震后趋势判断中的应用[J].地震,21(2):102-105.
刘昌铨,嘉世旭,刘明军,李长法.1997.延庆-怀来盆地大震危险性分析研究[J].地震学报,19(5):517-523.
刘启元,王峻,陈九辉,李顺成,郭飚.2007.1976年唐山大地震的孕震环境:密集地震台阵观测得到的结果[J].地学前缘,14(6):205-213.
刘耀炜,陈华静,车用太.2006.我国地震地下流体观测研究40年发展与展望[J].国际地震动态,(7):3-12.
万永革,吴忠良,周公威,黄静,秦立新.2002.地震应力触发研究[J].地震学报,21(5):533-551.
汪成民.1990.中国地震地下水动态观测网[M].北京:地震出版社:5-50.
王广才,张作辰,汪民,王基华,刘五洲,易立新,孙明良.2003.延怀盆地地下热水与稀有气体的地球化学特征[J].地震地质,25(3):422-430.
王喜元,朱立,吕磊,王志龙,范光.2006.中国土壤氡概况[M].北京:科学出版社:1-277.
魏家珍,申春生.1995.汞测量用于地震预报研究实例剖析[J].物探与化探,18(3):216-222.
徐平.2006.北京市地震监测志[M].北京:地震出版社:1-200.
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,马胜利,马文涛,余贵华,顾梦林,江娃利.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社:1-376.
张炜,王吉易,鄂秀满.1988.水文地球化学预报地震的原理与方法[M].北京:教育科学出版社:1-277.
张炜,邢玉安,王吉易.1990.水化测报区和水预报指标的讨论[C]∥国家地震局科技监测司编.地震预报方法,实用化研究文集:水位水化专辑.北京:地震出版社:289-295.
周晓成,杜建国,王传远,曹忠权,易丽,刘雷.2007.西藏拉萨市土壤气中氡、汞环境地球化学特征[J].环境科学,28(3):659-663.
朱海生,赵赪民,李广辉,薛志芳,姜维.2006.延怀盆地构造特征及未来地震危险性评价[J].华北地震科学,24(1):38-42.
祖金华,吴乾蕃,廉雨方.1997.延庆-怀来盆地及其邻区地热研究[J].地震学报,19(4):442-444.
Annunziatellis A,Ciotoli G,Lombardi S,Nolasco F.2003.Short andlongtermgas hazard:The release of toxic gasesinthe Alban Hills volcanic area(Italy)[J].J Geochem Explor,77:93-108.
Baubron J C,Rigo A,Toutain J P.2002.Soil gas profiles as a tool to characterize active tectonic areas:The Jaut Passexample(Pyrenees,France)[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,196:69-81.
Chiodini G,Cardellini C,Amato A,Boschi E,Caliro S,Frondini F,Ventura G.2004.Carbon dioxide Earth degassingand seismogenesis in central and southern Italy[J].Geophys Res Lett,31,L07615,doi:10.1029/2004GL019480.
Ciotoli G,Guerra M,Lombardi S,Vittori E.1998.Soil gas survey for tracing seismogenic faults:A case study in theFucino Basin,central Italy[J].J Geophys Res,103:23781-23794.
Ciotoli G,Lombardi S,Annunziatellis A.2007.Geostatistical analysis of soil gas datain a high seismicintermontane ba-sin:Fucino Plain,central Italy[J].J Geophys Res,112,B05407,doi:10.1029/2005JB004044.
Ciotoli G,Lombardi S,Morandi S,Zarlenga F.2005.A multidisciplinary statistical approach to study the relationshipsbetween heliumleakage and neo-tectonic activity in a gas province:The Vasto Basin,Abruzzo-Molise(central Italy)[J].AAPG Bull,88(3):355-372.
Du J G,Si X Y,Chen Y X,Fu H,Jian C L,Guo WS.2008.Geochemical anomalies connected with great earthquakesin China∥Stefánssoned.Geochemistry Research Advances[M].New York:Nova Science Publishers Inc:57-92.
Fridman AI.1990.Application of naturally occurring gases as geochemical pathfindersin prospectingfor endogenetic de-posits[J].J Geochem Explor,38:1-11.
Fu Chingchou,Yang Tsanyaofrank,Walia Vivek,Chen Chenghong.2005.Reconnaissance of soil gas composition overthe buried fault and fracture zone in southern Tai wan[J].GeochemJ,39:427-439.
Holland P W,Emerson D E.1990.The global helium-4content of near-surface at mospheric air∥Geochemistryof Gase-ous Elements and Compounds[M].Athens:Theophrastus:93-113.
Igarashi G,Wakita H.1995.Geochemical and hydrological observations for earthquake prediction in Japan[J].J PhysEarth,43:585-598.
Igarashi G,Sacki S,Takahata N,Sumikawa K,Tasaka S,Sasaki Y,Takahashi M,Sano Y.1995.Groundwater radonanomaly before the Kobe earthquake in Japan[J].Science,269:60-61.
Irwin WP,Barnes I.1980.Tectonic relation of carbon dioxide discharges and earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,85:3115-3121.
King C Y,Koizumi N,Kitagawa Y.1995.Hydrogeochemical anomalies and the1995Kobe earthquake[J].Science,269:38-39.
Klussman R W.1993.Soil Gas and Related Methods for Natural Resource Exploration[M].New York:John Wiley:1-483.
Lombardi S,Etiope G,Guerra M,Ciotoli G,Grainger P,Duddridge G A,Gera F,Chiantore V,Pensieri R,GrindrodP,Impey M.1996.The Refinement of Soil Gas Analysis as a Geological Investigative Technique[R].Luxem-bourg:CEC Nuclear Science&Technology Series.EUR16929EN.
Steinitz G,Begin Z B,Gazit-Yaari N.2003.Statistically significant relation between radon flux and weak earthquakes inthe Dead Sea rift valley[J].Geology,31(6):505-508.
Sugisaki R.1983.Origin of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in fault gases andits relation to fault activity[J].J Geol,91:239-258.
Sugisaki R.1987.Behavior and origin of helium,neon,argon and nitrogen fromactive faults[J].J Geophys Res,92:12523-12530.
Sugisaki R.1978.Changing He/Ar and N2/Ar ratios of fault air may be earthquake precursors[J].Nature,275:209-211.
Toutain J P,Baubron J C.1999.Gas geochemistry and seismotectonics:Areview[J].Tectonophysics,304:1-27.
Zhang X,Sanderson DJ.1996.Numerical modeling of the effects of fault slip onfluidflowaround extensional faults[J].J Struct Geol,18:109-119.
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