中国东部地区深部结构的层析成像
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摘要
利用中国国家台网60个宽频带地震台站和国际地震中心(ISC)592个台站分别记录的1996—2007和1990—2004的震相报告,从中提取出可供反演使用的远震事件9806个,共12078个高质量的P波初至走时数据,对中国东部地区进行了远震P波层析成像研究。结果显示,在五大连池火山区和大同火山区有明显的低速异常,大同火山源区较深。另外几个明显的低速区分别分布在广东地区、渤海湾地区和长江中下游地区。四川盆地的高速特征和扬子板块的低速特征在纵剖面图像上也较为明显。中国东南部的软流圈中存在大面积的地幔上涌,认为是由板块之间的碰撞俯冲、引起大尺度地幔横向流动造成的,而太平洋板块的作用局限于其俯冲的"远程效应",为大范围的软流圈物质上涌提供了东侧的深部动力条件。
A detailed three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle beneath eastern China was determined by applying teleseismic tomography to 12078 high-quality P-wave arrival times from 9802 teleseismic events recorded by 652 broadband stations of seismic networks.The tomographic image shows that obvious low P-wave velocity(low-Vp) anomalies exist under Datong volcano,Wudalianchi volcano,Guangdong Province,Bohai Gulf and Yangtze block.Significant high-Vp zone of Sichuan basin and low-Vp zone of Yangtze block are also fairly evident in images of vertical cross-sections of P-wave tomography.The collision-driven,large-scale lateral mantle flow under eastern China may help explain the broad and dispersive mantle upwelling under eastern China.The subduction of Pacific plate is only one of the mantle upwelling causations.
A detailed three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle beneath eastern China was determined by applying teleseismic tomography to 12078 high-quality P-wave arrival times from 9802 teleseismic events recorded by 652 broadband stations of seismic networks.The tomographic image shows that obvious low P-wave velocity(low-Vp) anomalies exist under Datong volcano,Wudalianchi volcano,Guangdong Province,Bohai Gulf and Yangtze block.Significant high-Vp zone of Sichuan basin and low-Vp zone of Yangtze block are also fairly evident in images of vertical cross-sections of P-wave tomography.The collision-driven,large-scale lateral mantle flow under eastern China may help explain the broad and dispersive mantle upwelling under eastern China.The subduction of Pacific plate is only one of the mantle upwelling causations.
引文
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[26]李延兴,张静华,李智,等.太平洋板块俯冲对中国大陆的影响[J].测绘学报,2006,35(2):99-105.
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[2]Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Horiuchi S.Tomographic imaging of P and Swave velocity structure beneath northeastern Japan[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1992,97:19909-19928.
[3]Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Kanamori H.Deep structure of Japan subduc-tion zone as derived from local,regional,and teleseismic events[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(B11):22313-22329.
[4]Um J,Thurber C H.A fast algorithm for two-point seismic ray trac-ing[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1987,77:972-986.
[5]Paige C C,Saunders M A.LSQR:An algorithm for sparse linearequations and sparse least squares[J].Assoc.Comput.Mach.Trans.Math.Soferware,1982,8:43-71.
[6]Humphreys E R,Clayton R W.Adaptation of back projection to-mography to seismic travel time problems[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1988,93:1073-1085.
[7]Liang C,Song X,Huang J.Tomographic inversion of Pn travel times inChina[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2004,109,B11304,doi:10.1029/2003JB002789.
[8]Huang J L,Zhao D.Hight-resolution mantle tomography of Chinaand Surrounding regions[J].J.Geophysical.R.,2006,111,B09305.
[9]Zhao D,Lei J.Seismic ray path variations in a 3D global velocitymodel[J].Phys.Earth Planet Inter.,2004,141:153-166.
[10]周新华,陈义贤,张国辉,等.中生代火山岩源区特征的多元同位素制约——以华北北缘为例[J].科学通报,1998,43(23):2483-2488.
[11]周新华,张国辉,杨进辉,等.华北克拉通北缘晚中生代火山岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素填图及其构造意义[J].地球化学,2001,30(1):10-23.
[12]周新华.中国东部中、新生代岩石圈转型与减薄研究若干问题[J].地学前缘,2006,13(2):50-64.
[13]陈义贤,陈文寄.辽西及邻区中生代火山岩-年代学、地球化学和构造背景[M].北京:地震出版社,1997:12-79.
[14]Huang Z,Li H,Zheng Y,et al.The lithosphere of North China Cra-ton from surface wave tomography[J].Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2009,288(1/2):164-173.
[15]刘国栋,顾群,史书林,等.京津唐渤和周围地区地壳上地幔电性结构及其与地震活动关系[J].地球物理学报,1983,26(2):186-197.
[16]朱介寿,曹家敏,蔡学林,等.东亚及西太平洋边缘海高分辨率面波层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(5):646-664.
[17]Pei S,Chen Y.Tomgraphic structure of East Asia:I.No fast(slab)anomalies beneath 660 km discontinuity[J].Earthq.Sci.,2010,23:597-611.
[18]Pei S,Zhao J,Sun Y,et al.Upper mantle seismic velocities andanisotropy in China determined through Pn and Sn tomography[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2007,112,B05312.
[19]Huang Z,Wang L,Zhao D,et al.Upper mantle structure and dynam-ics beneath Southeast China[J].Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2010,182:161-169.
[20]Northrup C,Royden L,Burchfiel B.Motion of the Pacific plate rela-tive to Eurasia and its potential relation to Cenozoic extension alongthe eastern margin of Eurasia[J].Geology,1995,23(8):719-722.
[21]廖其林.台湾海峡海洋综合地球物理研究最新成果评述[J].国际地震动态,1992,12:1-4.
[22]Xu X,Ma X.Geodynamics of the Shanxi Rift system,China[J].Tectonophysics,1992,208:325-340.
[23]Deng J,Zhao H,Luo Z et al.Mantle plumes and lithosphere motionin east Asia[C]//Flower F J M,Chung S L,Lo C H,et al.MantleDynamics and Plate Interactions In East Asia,Geodynamics Series.American Geophysical Union,Washington,DC,1998:59-66.
[24]刘翠,邓晋福,苏尚国,等.华北地区燕山期岩浆活动热供给的初步数值模拟[J].地学前缘,2006,1(2):158-164.
[25]Liu M,Cui X,Liu F.Cenozoic rifting and volcanism in eastern Chi-na:a mantle dynamic link to the Indo-Asian collision?[J].Tectono-physics,2004,33:29-42.
[26]李延兴,张静华,李智,等.太平洋板块俯冲对中国大陆的影响[J].测绘学报,2006,35(2):99-105.
[27]Zhang Y S.Three-dimensional upper mantle structure beneath EastAsia and its tectonic implications[C]//Flower M F J,Chung S L,LoC H,et al.Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia.Geodynamics Series.American Geophysical Union,Washington,DC,1998:11-23.
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