初至波与反射波旅行时多尺度渐进联合层析成像
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摘要
针对应用单一波反演难以更准确、更全面地重构地下速度信息及层析正反演中网格剖分大小相互矛盾的问题,本文采用Humphreys等[1]的数据加权算法,对模型空间和数据空间进行加权,并在反演中采用多尺度渐进层析反演;通过比较模型上各种波的理论旅行时与实际拾取的旅行时残差,更新模型速度及界面深度参数。模型资料试算结果表明,应用初至波与反射波旅行时联合层析整体上要优于单一波旅行时层析的结果;多尺度渐进层析反演能有效地解决层析正反演网格剖分大小的矛盾;在一定范围内,随着反演网格尺度的逐渐减小,反演精度也会逐渐提高。实际资料试算结果表明该方法是可行的,可以为高精度地震勘探提供精细的速度模型。
For the single-wave inversion,it is usually very difficult to reconstruct accurate underground velocity information.And mesh sizes in the forward modeling and inversion are different in the tomography.In order to deal with these problems,we use data weighting algorithms such as Humphreys algorithm to model space and data space,and then use multi-scale netsize inversion strategy.Finally we update the model velocity and interface depth parameters by difference of the traveltimes calculated from the model and seismic records.The test results from theoretical model show that the joint tomography of first-break and reflection traveltime is better than the single wave traveltime tomography.Multi-scale netsize inversion can effectively deal with the problem of different mesh sizes in the forward modeling and inversion of tomography.The smaller netsize will be used in the inversion,the more accurate inversion result will be obtained.Real data tests show that this method is feasible and it can provide fine velocity model for seismic exploration.
For the single-wave inversion,it is usually very difficult to reconstruct accurate underground velocity information.And mesh sizes in the forward modeling and inversion are different in the tomography.In order to deal with these problems,we use data weighting algorithms such as Humphreys algorithm to model space and data space,and then use multi-scale netsize inversion strategy.Finally we update the model velocity and interface depth parameters by difference of the traveltimes calculated from the model and seismic records.The test results from theoretical model show that the joint tomography of first-break and reflection traveltime is better than the single wave traveltime tomography.Multi-scale netsize inversion can effectively deal with the problem of different mesh sizes in the forward modeling and inversion of tomography.The smaller netsize will be used in the inversion,the more accurate inversion result will be obtained.Real data tests show that this method is feasible and it can provide fine velocity model for seismic exploration.
引文
[1]Humphreys E,Clayton R W.Adaptation of backprojection tomography to seismic travel time pro-blems.Journal of Geophysical Research:SolidEarth,1988,93(B2):1073～1085
[2]Aki K,Lee W.Determination of three dimensional ve-locity anomalies under a seismic array using first P ar-rival times from local earthquakes.Journal of Geo-physical Research,1976,81(23):4381～4399
[3]Zhao D P,Kayal J R.Impact of seismic tomographyon earth sciences.Current Science,2000,79(9):1208～1214
[4]Rawlinson N,Sambridge M.Seismic traveltime tomo-graphy of the crust and lithosphere.Advances inGeophysics,2003,46(3):81～198
[5]黄国娇,白超英.二维复杂层状介质中地震多波旅行时联合反演成像.地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2972～2981Huang Guojiao,Bai Chaoying.Simultaneous inver-sion with multiple traveltimes within 2-D complexlayered media.Chinese J Geophys,2010,53(12):2972～2981
[6]左建军,林松辉,孔庆丰等.井间地震直达波和反射波联合层析成像及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):226～231Zuo Jianjun,Lin Songhui,Kong Qingfeng et al.Ima-ging by ajoint tomography of direct and reflectionwave traveltime in crosswell seismic and its applica-tion.OGP,2011,46(2):226～231
[7]Zhang J,Brink U S,Toksoz M N.Nonlinear refractionand reflection travel time tomography.Journal ofGeophysical Research,1998,103(B12):29743～29757
[8]刘福田.震源位置和速度结构的联合反演(Ⅰ)——理论和方法.地球物理学报,1984,27(2):167～175Liu Futian.Simultaneous inversion of earthquake hy-pocenters and velocity structure(Ⅰ)—Theory andmethod.Chinese J Geophys,1984,27(2):167～175
[9]华标龙,刘福田.界面和速度反射联合成像——理论与方法.地球物理学报,1995,38(6):750～756Hua Biaolong,Liu Futian.Joint reflection imaging ofvelocity and interface—theory and method.Chinese JGeophys,1995,38(6):750～756
[10]周龙泉,刘福田,陈晓非.三维介质中速度结构和界面的联合成像.地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1062～1067Zhou Longquan,Liu Futian,Chen Xiaofei.Simulta-neous tomography of 3-D velocity structure and inter-face.Chinese J Geophys,2006,49(4):1062～1067
[11]李松林,吴宁远,宋占隆等.速度分布和界面位置的联合反演.地震学报,1997,19(4):383～392Li Songlin,Wu Ningyuan,Song Zhanlong et al.Simu-ltaneous inversion of velocity distribution and inter-face positions.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1997,19(4):383～392
[12]Kennett B,Sambridge M,Williamson P.Subspacemethods for large inverse problem with multiple pa-rameter classes.Geophysical Journal International,1988,94(2):237～247
[13]Michael McCaughey,Satish C Singh.Simultaneousvelocity and interface tomography of normal-incidenceand wide-aperture seismic traveltime data.Geophysi-cal Journal International,1997,131(1):87～99
[14]Hobro James W D,Satish C Singh and Minshull Tim-othy A.Three-dimensional tomographic inversion ofcombined reflection and refraction seismic traveltimedata.Geophysical Journal International,2003,152(1):79～93
[15]Zelt C A,Smith R B.Seismic traveltime inversion for2-D crustal velocity Structure.Geophysical JournalInternational,1992,108(1):16～34
[16]Zelt C A,Hojka A M,Flueh E R et al.3Dsimulta-neous seismic refraction and reflection tomography ofwide-angle data from the central Chilean margin.Ge-ophysical Research Letters,1999,26(16):2577～2580
[17]Zelt C A,White D J.Crustal structure and tectonics ofthe southeastern Canadian Cordillera.Journal ofGeophysical Research,1995,100(B12):24255～24273
[18]Zelt C A,Ellis R M,Zelt B C.Three dimensionalstructure across the Tintina strike slip fault,northernCanadian Cordillera,from seismic refraction and re-flection tomography.Geophysical Journal Interna-tional,2006,167(3):1292～1308
[19]Greenhalgh S A,Zhou B,Green A.Solutions,algo-rithms and inter-relations for local minimizationsearch geophysical inversion.Journal of Geophysicsand Enginnering,2006,3(2):101～113
[20]Menke W.Geophysical Data Analysis:Discrete In-verse Theory.San Diego,Calfornia:Academin PressInc,1984
[21]Paige C C,Saunders M A.LSQR:Sparse linear equa-tions and least squares problerms.ACM Transactionson Mathematical Software,1982,8(2):195～209
[22]叶佩,李庆春.二维复杂层状介质分区多步旅行时线性插值射线追踪法.中国地球物理,2011:486Ye Pei,Li Qingchun.Multistage traveltime linear in-terpolation with ray tracing in 2D complex layeredmedia.The Chinese Geophysics,2011,486
[23]赵连锋,朱介寿,曹俊兴.并行化交错网格法地震层析成像.石油物探,2003,42(1):6～8Zhao Lianfeng,Zhu Jieshou,Cao Junxing.Seismictomography with parallel interlaced gridding.GPP,2003,42(1):6～8
[24]马德堂,朱光明,张文波.双重网格井间地震层析成像技术.地球科学与环境学报,2004,26(1):65～68Ma Detang,Zhu Guangming,Zhang Wenbo.Cross-hole seismic tomography with double grid.Journalof Earth Sciences and Environment,2004,26(1):65～68
[2]Aki K,Lee W.Determination of three dimensional ve-locity anomalies under a seismic array using first P ar-rival times from local earthquakes.Journal of Geo-physical Research,1976,81(23):4381～4399
[3]Zhao D P,Kayal J R.Impact of seismic tomographyon earth sciences.Current Science,2000,79(9):1208～1214
[4]Rawlinson N,Sambridge M.Seismic traveltime tomo-graphy of the crust and lithosphere.Advances inGeophysics,2003,46(3):81～198
[5]黄国娇,白超英.二维复杂层状介质中地震多波旅行时联合反演成像.地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2972～2981Huang Guojiao,Bai Chaoying.Simultaneous inver-sion with multiple traveltimes within 2-D complexlayered media.Chinese J Geophys,2010,53(12):2972～2981
[6]左建军,林松辉,孔庆丰等.井间地震直达波和反射波联合层析成像及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):226～231Zuo Jianjun,Lin Songhui,Kong Qingfeng et al.Ima-ging by ajoint tomography of direct and reflectionwave traveltime in crosswell seismic and its applica-tion.OGP,2011,46(2):226～231
[7]Zhang J,Brink U S,Toksoz M N.Nonlinear refractionand reflection travel time tomography.Journal ofGeophysical Research,1998,103(B12):29743～29757
[8]刘福田.震源位置和速度结构的联合反演(Ⅰ)——理论和方法.地球物理学报,1984,27(2):167～175Liu Futian.Simultaneous inversion of earthquake hy-pocenters and velocity structure(Ⅰ)—Theory andmethod.Chinese J Geophys,1984,27(2):167～175
[9]华标龙,刘福田.界面和速度反射联合成像——理论与方法.地球物理学报,1995,38(6):750～756Hua Biaolong,Liu Futian.Joint reflection imaging ofvelocity and interface—theory and method.Chinese JGeophys,1995,38(6):750～756
[10]周龙泉,刘福田,陈晓非.三维介质中速度结构和界面的联合成像.地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1062～1067Zhou Longquan,Liu Futian,Chen Xiaofei.Simulta-neous tomography of 3-D velocity structure and inter-face.Chinese J Geophys,2006,49(4):1062～1067
[11]李松林,吴宁远,宋占隆等.速度分布和界面位置的联合反演.地震学报,1997,19(4):383～392Li Songlin,Wu Ningyuan,Song Zhanlong et al.Simu-ltaneous inversion of velocity distribution and inter-face positions.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1997,19(4):383～392
[12]Kennett B,Sambridge M,Williamson P.Subspacemethods for large inverse problem with multiple pa-rameter classes.Geophysical Journal International,1988,94(2):237～247
[13]Michael McCaughey,Satish C Singh.Simultaneousvelocity and interface tomography of normal-incidenceand wide-aperture seismic traveltime data.Geophysi-cal Journal International,1997,131(1):87～99
[14]Hobro James W D,Satish C Singh and Minshull Tim-othy A.Three-dimensional tomographic inversion ofcombined reflection and refraction seismic traveltimedata.Geophysical Journal International,2003,152(1):79～93
[15]Zelt C A,Smith R B.Seismic traveltime inversion for2-D crustal velocity Structure.Geophysical JournalInternational,1992,108(1):16～34
[16]Zelt C A,Hojka A M,Flueh E R et al.3Dsimulta-neous seismic refraction and reflection tomography ofwide-angle data from the central Chilean margin.Ge-ophysical Research Letters,1999,26(16):2577～2580
[17]Zelt C A,White D J.Crustal structure and tectonics ofthe southeastern Canadian Cordillera.Journal ofGeophysical Research,1995,100(B12):24255～24273
[18]Zelt C A,Ellis R M,Zelt B C.Three dimensionalstructure across the Tintina strike slip fault,northernCanadian Cordillera,from seismic refraction and re-flection tomography.Geophysical Journal Interna-tional,2006,167(3):1292～1308
[19]Greenhalgh S A,Zhou B,Green A.Solutions,algo-rithms and inter-relations for local minimizationsearch geophysical inversion.Journal of Geophysicsand Enginnering,2006,3(2):101～113
[20]Menke W.Geophysical Data Analysis:Discrete In-verse Theory.San Diego,Calfornia:Academin PressInc,1984
[21]Paige C C,Saunders M A.LSQR:Sparse linear equa-tions and least squares problerms.ACM Transactionson Mathematical Software,1982,8(2):195～209
[22]叶佩,李庆春.二维复杂层状介质分区多步旅行时线性插值射线追踪法.中国地球物理,2011:486Ye Pei,Li Qingchun.Multistage traveltime linear in-terpolation with ray tracing in 2D complex layeredmedia.The Chinese Geophysics,2011,486
[23]赵连锋,朱介寿,曹俊兴.并行化交错网格法地震层析成像.石油物探,2003,42(1):6～8Zhao Lianfeng,Zhu Jieshou,Cao Junxing.Seismictomography with parallel interlaced gridding.GPP,2003,42(1):6～8
[24]马德堂,朱光明,张文波.双重网格井间地震层析成像技术.地球科学与环境学报,2004,26(1):65～68Ma Detang,Zhu Guangming,Zhang Wenbo.Cross-hole seismic tomography with double grid.Journalof Earth Sciences and Environment,2004,26(1):65～68
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