18.7万年前的高速远程古滑坡:来自陕西华县莲花寺滑坡体上覆黄土光释光(OSL)测年的证据
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摘要
在渭河盆地东南缘的华山山前断裂北侧,对分布于陕西华县莲花寺一带数平方千米的黄土之下松散堆积的角砾岩的成因存在多种不同的认识,笔者根据地貌和堆积物特征支持其为高速远程滑坡的观点,并确定滑坡分为早、晚两期,后期还叠加了崩塌。野外调查发现覆盖于滑坡体上的黄土最大厚度达9m,根据第四纪黄土平均堆积速率估算的年龄与前人认为的滑坡时代大相径庭。为了准确厘定陕西华县莲花寺滑坡的形成时代,对覆盖于滑坡体上的黄土进行了5个剖面的样品采集,应用光释光(OSL)方法开展了系统的测年,结果5个剖面角砾岩之上最底部的黄土年龄在130.2±5.6~187.3±7.7ka之间,显示角砾岩之上堆积的黄土并不是同时形成的,其堆积的先后可能与古地形有关,角砾岩之上最底部黄土的最老年龄(187.3±7.7ka)代表了陕西华县莲花寺第二次滑坡形成时代的上限,即陕西华县莲花寺高速远程滑坡至少形成于18.7万年前。这是首次准确获得陕西华县莲花寺古滑坡的时代上限,亦是目前国内报道最老的高速远程滑坡,对滑坡的研究具有重要意义。同时,讨论了华县莲花寺高速远程滑坡的诱因可能是华山山前断裂的地震活动。
The study area is located in transition zone between the Qinling orogenic belt and Weihe basin of the southeast in Ordos block,is about 15km east of Huaxian,Shaanxi Province.Huashan piedmont fault is a crust-structural and geomorphologic boundary between the Qinling orogenic belt and the east of Weihe basin.The loose-accumulated breccia,in an area of 4 ~6km occurs under the loess in north-part of Huashan piedmont fault,Lianhuasi area in Huaxian.There are several viewpoints of origin of loose-accumulated breccia under loess.According to the field survey of landform characteristics and deposits,the authors prefer the viewpoint of high-speed remote landslide.We found that the landslide is composed of slide bed,slip,sliding surface,the posterior wall of the landslide,landslide perimeter,landslides depression and so on;the landslides can be divided into early and late two stages,and collapse superimposed in late stage landslide.Early stage landslide is corresponding to the chair circle landscape in hilltop of Zhangjiashan,breccia is deposits in Baiya Lake hole depth 60.10m to 70.23m,with a thickness of 10.13m.Late stage landslide corresponds to lower chair circle landscape in the southern of Baoyu valley,breccia is deposits in Baiya Lake hole depth 33.74 ~ 50.15m in thickness of 16.41m.What is the age of late stage landslide? Most researchers think that it is associated with M_S= 51/2 Huaxian earthquakes of November 3,1072 or M_S = 8 Huaxian earthquakes of January 23,1556.However,we find that the maximum thickness of loess covered in the landslides is up to 9m during the field investigation,so,it must be formed in at least the tens of thousands years ago according to the Quaternary loess accretion rate projections.In order to constraint accurately the age of Lianhuasi landslides of Huaxian,Shaanxi Province,we gather 17 OSL samples from loess accumulated above late stage landslide in five cross section selected,breccia were collected.We carried out OSL dating of bottom of the loess cover on landslides from five cross section are from 130.2±5.6ka to 187.3±7.7ka,it means that bottom loess cover on landslides formed in different time,it may be related to the ancient landform.The oldest age have been get 187.3±7.7kaB.P.,it represent the late stage landslides of Lianhuasi of Huaxian formed in 187.3kaB.P.ago.It is the first time to accurately obtain the upper boundary of age of late landslides of Lianhuasi of Huaxian,this paper reports that it is the oldest highspeed and runout landslide in China,it is of a very important significance in landslide research.So that,the reasonable interpretation of Huaxian Lianhuasi landslides is induced by seismic activity of Huashan piedmont fault.
The study area is located in transition zone between the Qinling orogenic belt and Weihe basin of the southeast in Ordos block,is about 15km east of Huaxian,Shaanxi Province.Huashan piedmont fault is a crust-structural and geomorphologic boundary between the Qinling orogenic belt and the east of Weihe basin.The loose-accumulated breccia,in an area of 4 ~6km occurs under the loess in north-part of Huashan piedmont fault,Lianhuasi area in Huaxian.There are several viewpoints of origin of loose-accumulated breccia under loess.According to the field survey of landform characteristics and deposits,the authors prefer the viewpoint of high-speed remote landslide.We found that the landslide is composed of slide bed,slip,sliding surface,the posterior wall of the landslide,landslide perimeter,landslides depression and so on;the landslides can be divided into early and late two stages,and collapse superimposed in late stage landslide.Early stage landslide is corresponding to the chair circle landscape in hilltop of Zhangjiashan,breccia is deposits in Baiya Lake hole depth 60.10m to 70.23m,with a thickness of 10.13m.Late stage landslide corresponds to lower chair circle landscape in the southern of Baoyu valley,breccia is deposits in Baiya Lake hole depth 33.74 ~ 50.15m in thickness of 16.41m.What is the age of late stage landslide? Most researchers think that it is associated with M_S= 51/2 Huaxian earthquakes of November 3,1072 or M_S = 8 Huaxian earthquakes of January 23,1556.However,we find that the maximum thickness of loess covered in the landslides is up to 9m during the field investigation,so,it must be formed in at least the tens of thousands years ago according to the Quaternary loess accretion rate projections.In order to constraint accurately the age of Lianhuasi landslides of Huaxian,Shaanxi Province,we gather 17 OSL samples from loess accumulated above late stage landslide in five cross section selected,breccia were collected.We carried out OSL dating of bottom of the loess cover on landslides from five cross section are from 130.2±5.6ka to 187.3±7.7ka,it means that bottom loess cover on landslides formed in different time,it may be related to the ancient landform.The oldest age have been get 187.3±7.7kaB.P.,it represent the late stage landslides of Lianhuasi of Huaxian formed in 187.3kaB.P.ago.It is the first time to accurately obtain the upper boundary of age of late landslides of Lianhuasi of Huaxian,this paper reports that it is the oldest highspeed and runout landslide in China,it is of a very important significance in landslide research.So that,the reasonable interpretation of Huaxian Lianhuasi landslides is induced by seismic activity of Huashan piedmont fault.
引文
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2宋立胜.1556年华县8级大震死亡人数初探.灾害学,1989,(4):68-72Song Lisheng.Preliminary study on the number of the deaths of the great Huaxian earthquake in 1556.Journal of Catastrophology,1989,(4):68-72
3李祥根,冉勇康.华山北坡及渭南塬前活断层.华北地震科学,1983,1(2):10-19Li Xianggen,Ran Yongkang.Active faults in the north slope of Huashan Mountain and the front of the Weinan tableland.North China Earthquake Sciences,1983,1(2):10-19
4贺明静.华县大地震与断裂活动.地震研究,1986,9(4):427-432He Mingjing.The great 1556 Huaxian earthquake and the related faulting.Journal of Seismological Research,1986,9(4):427-432
5贺明静,胡孟春,吕莲.渭河盆地东南部断裂带第四纪构造活动与地震.西北地震学报,1987,9(3):45-50He Mingjing,Hu Mengchun,L(u|¨)Lian.The Quaternary tectonic activity and earthquakes along the fault belt in the southeast of Weihe basin.Northwestern Seismological Journal,1987,9(3):45-50
6国家地震局鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系课题组.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系.北京:地震出版社,1987.124-129The Research Group on“Active Fault System around Ordos Massif",State Seismological Bureau.Active Fault System around Ordos Massif.Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,1987.124-129
7张安良,米丰收,种瑾.1556年陕西华县大地震形变遗迹及华山山前断裂古地震研究.地震地质,1989,11(3):73-82Zhang Anliang,Mi Fengshou,Chong Jin.Deformation relics of the1556 Huaxian(Shananxi,China)great earthquake and the study of palaeoseismicity on the frontal fault zone of the Huashan Mts.Seismology and Geology,1989,11(3):73-82
8彭建兵,米丰收,苏生瑞等.渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害.西安:西北大学出版社,1992.10-35Peng Jianbing,Mi Fengshou,Su Shengrui et al.Active Faults and Geological Hazard in Weihe Basin.Xi'an:Northwest University Press,1992.10-35
9易明初.新构造运动及渭延裂谷构造.北京:地震出版社,1993.101-108Yi Mingchu.Neotectonic Movement and Weiyan Rift Structure.Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,1993.101-108
10陕西省地震局.秦岭北缘活动断裂带.北京:地震出版社,1996.14-22Seismological Bureau of Shaanxi Province.The Active Fault Zone in the North Edge of Qinling Range.Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,1996.14-22
11原廷宏,冯希杰.一五五六年华县特大地震.北京:地震出版社,2010.1-120Yuan Tinghong,Feng Xijie.The 1556 Great Huaxian Earthquake.Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,2010.1-120
12王景明.1556年陕西华县大地震的地面破裂.地震学报,1980,2(4):430~439Wang Jingming.Ground ruptures during the large earthquake of1556,Huaxian County,Shanxi.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1980,2(4):430~439
13侯建军.1556年陕西省华县大震的地震地质条件.西北地震学报,1985,7(1):66-74Hou Jianjun.The seismic and geologic conditions of the earthquake in Huaxian,Shanxi(M=8.0,Jan.23,1556).Northwestern Seismological Journal,1985,7(1):66~74
14徐锡伟,张宏卫,邓起东.渭河盆地华山山前断裂带古地震遗迹及其重复间隔.地震地质,1988,10(4):206Xu Xiwei,Zhang Hongwei,Deng Qidong.The paleoearthquake traces on Huashan front fault zone in Weihe basin and its earthquake intervals.Seismology and Geology,1988,10(4);206
15谢毓寿.1556年关中大地震的震级.灾害学,1992,7(1):10-13Xie Yushou.On magnitude of 1556 Guanzhong great earthquake.Journal of Catastrophology,1992,7(1):10-13
16潘建雄,吴业彪,张玉岫等.关于1556年华县大地震及岳阳地震的讨论.地震地质,1993,15(3):261-267Pan Jianxiong,Wu Yebiao,Zhang Yuxiu et al.A discussion on earthquakes in Huaxian,Shanxi Province,and in Yueyang,Hunan Province,in 1556.Seismology and Geology,1993,15(3):261-267
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