柴达木盆地三湖地区盐岩区表层调查方法研究
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摘要
针对三湖地区盐岩区近地表结晶互层多而厚等难点,通过表层精细调查在结晶互层区优选最佳激发井深是提高地震采集资料品质的关键所在。首先定量分析了该区近地表介质的Q值特征;建立了工区实际近地表模型,对结晶互层进行激发模拟。接着介绍了用于该区近地表调查的微测井面积调查方法;研究提出了结合微测井初至时间、波形、能量以及Q值变化进行表层结构精细解释的三步分层法。最后,基于精细近地表分层和正演模拟结果,制定了盐岩区地震采集新的激发井深设计原则。盐岩区表层调查方法和激发井深设计优化技术研究成果在实际资料采集中取得了很好的应用效果,成功解决了复杂盐岩区的激发难题。
Salt beds are characterized by much and thick crystal interbedding at the near surface in Sanhu Area.By surface investigation,selecting optimal shooting depth in crystal interbedding area is the key for improving the quality of seismic acquisition data.Firstly,we quantitatively analyze the Q-value of near-surface media,establish the actual near-surface model,and carry out shooting simulation on crystal interbedding area.Then,we describe the uphole areal investigation method for the near-surface investigation in the area,and propose three-step layering method for the fine interpretation of surface structures which combines uphole first break,wave shape,and energy and Q-value variation.Finally,based on the near-sruface fine layered and shooting simulation results,we draw up new design principles for shooting depth in salt beds.The surface investigation and optimal shooting depth design are adopted in actual data acquisition,which obtains good results and successfully solve the shooting difficulty in complex salt beds.
Salt beds are characterized by much and thick crystal interbedding at the near surface in Sanhu Area.By surface investigation,selecting optimal shooting depth in crystal interbedding area is the key for improving the quality of seismic acquisition data.Firstly,we quantitatively analyze the Q-value of near-surface media,establish the actual near-surface model,and carry out shooting simulation on crystal interbedding area.Then,we describe the uphole areal investigation method for the near-surface investigation in the area,and propose three-step layering method for the fine interpretation of surface structures which combines uphole first break,wave shape,and energy and Q-value variation.Finally,based on the near-sruface fine layered and shooting simulation results,we draw up new design principles for shooting depth in salt beds.The surface investigation and optimal shooting depth design are adopted in actual data acquisition,which obtains good results and successfully solve the shooting difficulty in complex salt beds.
引文
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[2]刘振敏,杨更生.察尔汗盐湖盐壳类型及形成条件[J].化工矿产地质,1997,19(2):106-108Liu Z M,Wang G S.Types of salt crusting in Chaer-han salt lake and its genetic environment[J].Geolo-gy of Chemical Minerals,1997,19(2):106-108
[3]刘组沅.岩石中地震波衰减的实验研究[J].地震科学研究,1983,6(1):34-40Liu Z Y.The experimental study of seismic wave at-tenuation in rock[J].Earthquake Science Research,1983,6(1):34-40
[4]李振春,王清振.地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1147-1152Li Z C,Wang Q Z.A review of research on mecha-nism of seismic attenuation and energy compensation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(4):1147-1152
[5]王建民.近地表高频补偿技术在三维地震勘探中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,20(6):1837-Wang J M.A study of the near surface high-frequen-cy compensation technology in 3-D seismic explora-tion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,20(6):1837-1843
[6]Rainer T.The determination of the seismic of differ-ent computational methods[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting,1991,39(1):1-27
[7]Partyka G,Gridley J,Lopez J.Interpretational appli-cation of spectral decomposition in reservoir charac-terization[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(3):353-360
[8]宫同举,孙成禹,彭洪超,等.几种提取品质因子方法的对比[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(4):296-300Gong C J,Sun C Y,Peng H C,et al.Several contrastextracted quality factor[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,32(4):296-300
[9]王辉.用于岩体质量评价的地震波Q值计算方法[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(5):699-702Wang H.Seismic wave Q values calculated for therock quality evaluation[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2006,14(5):699-702
[10]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1993:261-270Lu J M.The principle of seismic exploration[M].Dongying:The Press of China University of Petrole-um,1993:261-270
[11]Wang X J,Yin X Y,Wu G C.Estimation of layerquality factors from pre-stack seismic data[J].Ex-panded Abstracts of 80th Annual Internat SEC Mtg,2010,192-196
[12]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1990:53-54Lu J M.The principle of seismic exploration[M].Dongying:The Press of China University of Petrole-um,1990:53-54
[13]吕公河.地震勘探中震动问题分析[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):154-157Lv G H.Vibration analysis in seismic exploration[J].Geophysics,2002,41(2):154-157
[14]刘艾奇,皇甫煊.激发井深选择的优化技术[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):605-607Liu Y Q,Huangfu X.The optimization technology ofdepth selection[J].Geophysics,2004,43(6):605-607
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