利用叠前CMP资料估计介质品质因子
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摘要
本文提出了一种利用叠前CMP道集资料估计介质品质因子的方法,同时提出利用地震道间有效信号的相干性估计层位信息的方法.首先采用具有4个待定系数的函数去逼近震源子波,利用黏弹介质中单程波传播理论推导出地震子波包络峰值处的瞬时频率(EPIF)与不同偏移距处走时的关系;其次利用该关系,外推出该同相轴零偏移距处的EPIF,用小波域包络峰值处瞬时频率法(WEPIF)结合层位信息估计Q值.合成数据的结果表明,EPIFVO法(子波包络峰值瞬时频率随偏移距变化)无边界效应,计算精度相对较高;将该方法用于实际资料算例,结果表明,衰减强弱与储层的吸收有较好的对应关系.
We present a method of estimating quality factor Q from CMP records,and a method of estimating layer positions based on coherent characteristics of traces.First,employing a function with four undetermined parameters to approximate the source wavelet,the relation between the instantaneous frequency(IF) at the envelope peaks of seismic wavelets(EPIF) and traveltime at different offsets is derived based on the theory of one-way wave propagation in a 1D viscoelastic medium;then by using the relationship,we extrapolate the EPIF of zero offset of the event;finally,Q is estimated by combining WEPIF with the reflectivities information.Applied to synthetic pre-stack CMP models and the result indicates that the method has no boundary effect and is more precise;we also apply the method to field record,it produces a Q-curve indicating that the extent of absorption corresponds well to the gas saturation of reservoirs.
We present a method of estimating quality factor Q from CMP records,and a method of estimating layer positions based on coherent characteristics of traces.First,employing a function with four undetermined parameters to approximate the source wavelet,the relation between the instantaneous frequency(IF) at the envelope peaks of seismic wavelets(EPIF) and traveltime at different offsets is derived based on the theory of one-way wave propagation in a 1D viscoelastic medium;then by using the relationship,we extrapolate the EPIF of zero offset of the event;finally,Q is estimated by combining WEPIF with the reflectivities information.Applied to synthetic pre-stack CMP models and the result indicates that the method has no boundary effect and is more precise;we also apply the method to field record,it produces a Q-curve indicating that the extent of absorption corresponds well to the gas saturation of reservoirs.
引文
[1]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路.北京:石油工业出版社,1993.Li Q Z.The Road of Accurate Exploration(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993.
[2]Ricker N.The form and laws of propagation of seismicwavelets.Geophysics,1953,18(1):10-40.
[3]Winkler K W,Nur A.Seismic attenuation:Effects of porefluids and frictional-sliding.Geophysics,1982,47(1):1-15.
[4]Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.Exploration Seismology.London:Cambridge University Press,1995.
[5]Yilmaz.Seismic Data Processing.Tulsa Oklahoma:Society ofExploration Geophysicists,1991.
[6]王小杰,吴国忱.基于叠前地震资料地层吸收参数提取方法研究[硕士论文].山东:中国石油大学(华东),2009.Wang X J,Wu G C.The study on methods of layerabsorbing parameters extraction based on prestack seismicdata[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Shandong:China Universityof Petroleum(East China),2009.
[7]Zhang C,Ulrychz T J.Estimation of quality factors fromCMP record.Geophysics,2002,67(5):1542-1547,doi:10.1190/1.1512799.
[8]Zhang C J,Ulrych T.Seismic Absorption Estimation andCompensation.American Geophysical Union,2008,S11D-03.
[9]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明等.地震资料处理中小波函数的选取研究.地球物理学报,1996,39(3):392-400.Gao J H,Wang W B,Zhu G M,et al.On the choice ofwavelet functions for seismic data processing.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(3):392-400.
[10]高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1198-1209.Gao J H,Yang S L.On the method of quality factorsestimation from zero-offset VSP data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1198-1209.
[11]Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Estimation of quality factorQfrom the instantaneous frequency at the envelope peak of aseismic signal.Journal of Computational Acoustics,2011,19(2):155-179.
[12]Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X,et al.Quality factorsestimation using wavelet′s envelope peak instantaneousfrequency.79th Annual International meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,2009:2457-2461.
[13]Barnes A E.Instantaneous spectral band-width and dominantfrequency with applications to seismic reflection data.Geophysics,1993,58(3):419-428.
[14]Pujol J.Elastic Wave Propagation and Generation inSeismology.London:Cambridge University Press,2003.
[15]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology:Theory andMethods.San Francisco W.H.:Freeman and Co.,1980.
[16]Barnes A E.Instantaneous frequency and amplitude at theenvelop peak of a constant-phase wavelet.Geophysics,1991,56(7):1058-1060.
[17]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.北京:石油大学出版社,2001.Lu J M.Seismic Survey Theory(in Chinese).Beijing:ChinaUniversity of Petroleum Press,2001.
[18]Hubral P,Krey T,Larner K L,et al.Interval Velocitiesfrom Seismic Reflection Time Measurements.Tulsa Oklahoma:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1980.
[19]Yang S L,Gao J H.Seismic quality factors estimation fromspectral correlation.IEEE Geoscience and Remote SensingLetters,2008,5(4):740-744.
[20]高静怀,杨森林,王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):853-861.Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Quality factor extractionusing instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of directwaves of VSP data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3):853-861.
[21]Gao J H,Li Y M,Chen W C.On the instantaneousattributes analysis of seismic data via wavelet transform.68thAnnual meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1998:1084-1087.
[22]杨森林,高静怀.最小平方反演提高VSP资料Q值估计的精度和稳定性.第25届中国地球物理学会年会,2009:151.Yang S L,Gao J H.Least-square inversion in improving theresolution and stability of quality-factor estimation for VSPrecords.25th Chinese Geophysical Society,2009:151.
[23]高静怀,杨森林,王大兴等.利用地震信号的包络峰值瞬时频率估计介质因子.∥中国应用地球物理论文选集.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2009:373-390.Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X,et al.Quality factorestimation using instantaneous frequencies at envelope peaksof seismic signals.China Applied Geophysics Collection ofTreatises.Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers,2009:373-390.
[24]杨森林.地震衰减估计方法研究及应用[博士论文].西安:西安交通大学,2010.Yang S L.Research on the estimation method of seismicattenuation and its application[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Xi′an:Xi′an Jiaotong University,2010.
[2]Ricker N.The form and laws of propagation of seismicwavelets.Geophysics,1953,18(1):10-40.
[3]Winkler K W,Nur A.Seismic attenuation:Effects of porefluids and frictional-sliding.Geophysics,1982,47(1):1-15.
[4]Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.Exploration Seismology.London:Cambridge University Press,1995.
[5]Yilmaz.Seismic Data Processing.Tulsa Oklahoma:Society ofExploration Geophysicists,1991.
[6]王小杰,吴国忱.基于叠前地震资料地层吸收参数提取方法研究[硕士论文].山东:中国石油大学(华东),2009.Wang X J,Wu G C.The study on methods of layerabsorbing parameters extraction based on prestack seismicdata[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Shandong:China Universityof Petroleum(East China),2009.
[7]Zhang C,Ulrychz T J.Estimation of quality factors fromCMP record.Geophysics,2002,67(5):1542-1547,doi:10.1190/1.1512799.
[8]Zhang C J,Ulrych T.Seismic Absorption Estimation andCompensation.American Geophysical Union,2008,S11D-03.
[9]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明等.地震资料处理中小波函数的选取研究.地球物理学报,1996,39(3):392-400.Gao J H,Wang W B,Zhu G M,et al.On the choice ofwavelet functions for seismic data processing.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(3):392-400.
[10]高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1198-1209.Gao J H,Yang S L.On the method of quality factorsestimation from zero-offset VSP data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1198-1209.
[11]Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Estimation of quality factorQfrom the instantaneous frequency at the envelope peak of aseismic signal.Journal of Computational Acoustics,2011,19(2):155-179.
[12]Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X,et al.Quality factorsestimation using wavelet′s envelope peak instantaneousfrequency.79th Annual International meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,2009:2457-2461.
[13]Barnes A E.Instantaneous spectral band-width and dominantfrequency with applications to seismic reflection data.Geophysics,1993,58(3):419-428.
[14]Pujol J.Elastic Wave Propagation and Generation inSeismology.London:Cambridge University Press,2003.
[15]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology:Theory andMethods.San Francisco W.H.:Freeman and Co.,1980.
[16]Barnes A E.Instantaneous frequency and amplitude at theenvelop peak of a constant-phase wavelet.Geophysics,1991,56(7):1058-1060.
[17]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.北京:石油大学出版社,2001.Lu J M.Seismic Survey Theory(in Chinese).Beijing:ChinaUniversity of Petroleum Press,2001.
[18]Hubral P,Krey T,Larner K L,et al.Interval Velocitiesfrom Seismic Reflection Time Measurements.Tulsa Oklahoma:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1980.
[19]Yang S L,Gao J H.Seismic quality factors estimation fromspectral correlation.IEEE Geoscience and Remote SensingLetters,2008,5(4):740-744.
[20]高静怀,杨森林,王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):853-861.Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Quality factor extractionusing instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of directwaves of VSP data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3):853-861.
[21]Gao J H,Li Y M,Chen W C.On the instantaneousattributes analysis of seismic data via wavelet transform.68thAnnual meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1998:1084-1087.
[22]杨森林,高静怀.最小平方反演提高VSP资料Q值估计的精度和稳定性.第25届中国地球物理学会年会,2009:151.Yang S L,Gao J H.Least-square inversion in improving theresolution and stability of quality-factor estimation for VSPrecords.25th Chinese Geophysical Society,2009:151.
[23]高静怀,杨森林,王大兴等.利用地震信号的包络峰值瞬时频率估计介质因子.∥中国应用地球物理论文选集.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2009:373-390.Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X,et al.Quality factorestimation using instantaneous frequencies at envelope peaksof seismic signals.China Applied Geophysics Collection ofTreatises.Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers,2009:373-390.
[24]杨森林.地震衰减估计方法研究及应用[博士论文].西安:西安交通大学,2010.Yang S L.Research on the estimation method of seismicattenuation and its application[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Xi′an:Xi′an Jiaotong University,2010.
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