中国东北地区远震P波走时层析成像研究
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摘要
利用中国东北流动和固定台网的234个宽频带地震仪记录的远震波形数据,采用波形相关方法拾取了57251个有效相对走时残差数据,进一步采用FMTT(Fast Marching Teleseismic Tomography)层析成像的方法,反演获取了研究区下方深达800km的P波速度结构.结果显示:在长白山下方发现有一个高速异常结构,这可能就是俯冲到欧亚大陆板块下方的太平洋板块,由于板块的部分下沉,使得板块的形状并没有呈现出明显的板片状.长白山、阿尔山、五大连池火山下方都有低速异常体,长白山和阿尔山下的低速异常向下延伸至地幔转换带,可能与其上部的火山形成有关.五大连池火山下方的低速异常向下延伸至200km左右,不同埋深的低速异常结构可能意味着五大连池与长白山和阿尔山有着不同的成因.松辽盆地呈现以高速异常为主导高低速异常混合分布的特性,暗示松辽盆地可能有岩石圈拆沉的过程,盆地南部下方的低速异常与长白山和阿尔山下的低速异常有连通性,可能是下地幔热物质上涌的一个通道.
We picked the relative traveltime residuals from the teleseismic waveform data by waveform correlation method,and got 57251 usable relative traveltime residuals.The teleseismic waveform data were recorded by the temporary and permanent seismic networks in Northeast China,the total number of the station is 234.We imaged the P-wave velocity structure beneath Northeast China down to 800 km depth by the FMTT(Fast Marching Teleseismic Tomography).The results reveal that there is a high-velocity anomaly beneath the Changbaishan volcano,maybe this anomaly is the Pacific Plate,which subducted under the Eurasian Plate.Because of local depressing of the plate,the shape of the plate doesn′t appear as an obvious slab.There are low-velocity anomalies beneath the Changbaishan volcano,Aershan volcano and Wudalianchi volcano.The low-velocity anomalies under the Changbaishan and Aershan volcano extend down to the mantle transition zone,while the low-velocity anomaly under the Wudalianchi volcano extends down to about 200 km depth,which may indicate that Changbaishan and Aershan volcano have some relationship with the low-velocity anomalies under them,and the different depths of the low-velocity anomalies represent the different origin of the Wudalianchi volcano.There is a mainly high-velocity zone with a mixed high-and low-velocity distribution character beneath the Songliao Basin area.The mixture character suggests that lithospheric delamination may have occurred and greatly affected the Songliao Basin.The low-velocity anomaly,beneath the southern part of Songliao Basin area connecting to the low-velocity anomalies beneath the Changbaishan and Aershan volcano,may be a upwelling material channel from the lower mantle.
We picked the relative traveltime residuals from the teleseismic waveform data by waveform correlation method,and got 57251 usable relative traveltime residuals.The teleseismic waveform data were recorded by the temporary and permanent seismic networks in Northeast China,the total number of the station is 234.We imaged the P-wave velocity structure beneath Northeast China down to 800 km depth by the FMTT(Fast Marching Teleseismic Tomography).The results reveal that there is a high-velocity anomaly beneath the Changbaishan volcano,maybe this anomaly is the Pacific Plate,which subducted under the Eurasian Plate.Because of local depressing of the plate,the shape of the plate doesn′t appear as an obvious slab.There are low-velocity anomalies beneath the Changbaishan volcano,Aershan volcano and Wudalianchi volcano.The low-velocity anomalies under the Changbaishan and Aershan volcano extend down to the mantle transition zone,while the low-velocity anomaly under the Wudalianchi volcano extends down to about 200 km depth,which may indicate that Changbaishan and Aershan volcano have some relationship with the low-velocity anomalies under them,and the different depths of the low-velocity anomalies represent the different origin of the Wudalianchi volcano.There is a mainly high-velocity zone with a mixed high-and low-velocity distribution character beneath the Songliao Basin area.The mixture character suggests that lithospheric delamination may have occurred and greatly affected the Songliao Basin.The low-velocity anomaly,beneath the southern part of Songliao Basin area connecting to the low-velocity anomalies beneath the Changbaishan and Aershan volcano,may be a upwelling material channel from the lower mantle.
引文
[1]Zhao D.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes andsubducting slabs:insight into deep Earth dynamics.Physicsof the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2004,146(1-2):3-34.
[2]Zhao D P,Tian Y,Lei J S,et al.Seismic image and origin ofthe Changbai intraplate volcano in East Asia:Role of bigmantle wedge above the stagnant pacific slab.Physics of theEarth and Planetary Interiors,2009,173(3-4):197-206.
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[4]Huang J L,Zhao D P.High-resolution mantle tomography ofChina and surrounding regions.J.Geophys.Res.,2006,111(B9),B09305,doi:10.1029/2005JB004066.
[5]Ai Y S,Zheng T Y,Xu W W,et al.A complex 660kmdiscontinuity beneath northeast China.Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters,2003,212(1-2):63-71.
[6]Li X Q,Yuan X H.Receiver functions in northeast China-implications for slab penetration into the lower mantle innorthwest Pacific subduction zone.Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters,2003,216(4):679-691.
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[8]Miyashiro A.Hot regions and the origin of marginal basins inthe western pacific.Tectonophysics,1986,122(3-4):195-216.
[9]Tatsumi Y,Maruyama S,Nohda S.Mechanism of backarcopening in the Japan Sea:role of asthenospheric injection.Tectonophysics,1990,181(1-4):299-306.
[10]汤吉,邓前辉,赵国泽等.长白山天池火山区电性结构和岩浆系统.地震地质,2001,23(2):191-200.Tang J,Deng Q H,Zhao G Z,et al.Electric conductivityand magma chamber at the Tianchi volcano area in Changbaishanmountain.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2001,23(2):191-200.
[11]汤吉,王继军,陈小斌等.阿尔山火山区地壳上地幔电性结构初探.地球物理学报,2005,48(1):196-202.Tang J,Wang J J,Chen X B,et al.Preliminary investigationfor electric conductivity structure of the crust and uppermantle beneath Aershan volcano area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(1):196-202.
[12]汤吉,赵国泽,王继军等.基于地下电性结构探讨中国东北活动火山形成机制.岩石学报,2006,22(6):1503-1510.Tang J,Zhao G Z,Wang J J,et al.Study of the formationmechanism for volcanism in Northeast China based on deepelectric structure.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,22(6):1503-1510.
[13]詹艳,赵国泽,王继军等.黑龙江五大连池火山群地壳电性结构.岩石学报,2006,22(6):1494-1502.Zhan Y,Zhao G Z,Wang J J,et al.Crustal electricconductivity structure for Wudalianchi volcanic cluster in theHeilongjiang province,China.Acta Petrologica Sinica(inChinese),2006,22(6):1494-1502.
[14]张成科,张先康,赵金仁等.长白山天池火山区及邻近地区壳幔结构探测研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(6):812-820.Zhang C K,Zhang X K,Zhao J R,et al.Study on thecrustal and upper mantles structure in the Tianchi volcanicregion and its adjacent area of Changbaishan.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(6):812-820.
[15]Li C,van der Hilst R D.Structure of the upper mantle andtransition zone beneath Southeast Asia from traveltimetomography.J.Geophys.Res.,2010,115(B7),B07308,doi:10.1029/2009JB006882.
[16]雷建设,赵大鹏.长白山火山的起源和太平洋俯冲板块之间的关系.地球科学进展,2004,19(3):364-367.Lei J S,Zhao D P.The relationship between the origin of theintraplate Changbai volcano and the subduction Pacific Slab.Advance in Earth Sciences(in Chinese),2004,19(3):364-367.
[17]VanDecar J C,Crosson R S.Determination of teleseismicrelative phase arrival times using multi-channel cross-correlation and least squares.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1990,80(1):150-169.
[18]Rawlinson N,Kennett B L N.Rapid estimation of relativeand absolute delay times across a network by adaptivestacking.Geophys.J.Int.,2004,157(1):332-340.
[19]Rawlinson N,Reading A M,Kennett B L N.Lithosphericstructure of Tasmania from a novel form of teleseismictomography.J.Geophys.Res.,2006,111,B02301,doi:10.1029/2005JB003803.
[20]Rawlinson N,Kennett B L N.Teleseismic tomography of theupper mantle beneath the southern Lachlan Orogen,Australia.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2008,167(1-2):84-97.
[21]郭飚,刘启元,陈九辉等.川西龙门山及邻区地壳上地幔远震P波层析成像.地球物理学报,2009,52(2):346-355.Guo B,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.Teleseismic P-wavetomography of the crust and upper mantle in Longmenshanarea,west Sichuan.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2):346-355.
[22]Paige C C,Saunders M A.LSQR:An algorithm for sparselinear equations and sparse least squares.ACM Trans.Math.Softw.,1982,8(1):43-71.
[23]Paige C C,Saunders M A.Algorithm 583 LSQR:Sparselinear equations and least squares problems.ACM Trans.Math.Softw.,1982,8(2):195-209.
[24]Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R.Traveltimes for globalearthquake location and phase identification.Geophys.J.Int.,1991,105(2):429-465.
[25]Duan Y H,Zhao D P,Zhang X K,et al.Seismic structureand origin of active intraplate volcanoes in Northeast Asia.Tectonophysics,2009,470(3-4):257-266.
[26]田有,刘财,冯晅.中国东北地区地壳、上地幔速度结构及其对矿产能源形成的控制作用.地球物理学报,2011,54(2):407-414.Tian Y,Liu C,Feng X.P-wave velocity structure of crustand upper mantle in Northeast China and its control on theformation of mineral and energy.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2011,54(2):407-414.
[27]Li Y H,Wu Q J,Pan J T,et al.S-wave velocity structure ofnortheastern China from joint inversion of Rayleigh wavephase and group velocities.Geophys.J.Int.,2012,190(1):105-115,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05503.x.
[28]郑洪伟,耿树方,杨贵等.中国东部地区深部结构的层析成像.地质通报,2012,31(7):1069-1077.Zheng H W,Geng S F,Yang G,et al.Deep structurebeneath eastern China from teleseismic P-wave tomography.Geological Bulletin of China(in Chinese),2012,31(7):1069-1077.
[29]Li C,van der Hilst R D,Toksoz M N.Constraining P-wavevelocity variations in the upper mantle beneath SoutheastAsia.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2006,154(2):180-195.
[30]Wei W,Xu J D,Zhao D P,et al.East Asia mantletomography:new insight into plate subduction and intraplatevolcanism.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,60:88-103.
[31]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417.Zheng X F,Ouyang B,Zhang D N,et al.Technical systemconstruction of Data Backup Centre for China SeismographNetwork and the data support to researches on the Wenchuanearthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1412-1417.
[2]Zhao D P,Tian Y,Lei J S,et al.Seismic image and origin ofthe Changbai intraplate volcano in East Asia:Role of bigmantle wedge above the stagnant pacific slab.Physics of theEarth and Planetary Interiors,2009,173(3-4):197-206.
[3]Lei J S,Zhao D P.P-wave tomography and origin of theChangbai intraplate volcano in Northeast Asia.Tectonophysics,2005,397(3-4):281-295.
[4]Huang J L,Zhao D P.High-resolution mantle tomography ofChina and surrounding regions.J.Geophys.Res.,2006,111(B9),B09305,doi:10.1029/2005JB004066.
[5]Ai Y S,Zheng T Y,Xu W W,et al.A complex 660kmdiscontinuity beneath northeast China.Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters,2003,212(1-2):63-71.
[6]Li X Q,Yuan X H.Receiver functions in northeast China-implications for slab penetration into the lower mantle innorthwest Pacific subduction zone.Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters,2003,216(4):679-691.
[7]Turcotte D,Schubert G.Geodynamics.New York:JohnWiley and Sons Press,1982:450.
[8]Miyashiro A.Hot regions and the origin of marginal basins inthe western pacific.Tectonophysics,1986,122(3-4):195-216.
[9]Tatsumi Y,Maruyama S,Nohda S.Mechanism of backarcopening in the Japan Sea:role of asthenospheric injection.Tectonophysics,1990,181(1-4):299-306.
[10]汤吉,邓前辉,赵国泽等.长白山天池火山区电性结构和岩浆系统.地震地质,2001,23(2):191-200.Tang J,Deng Q H,Zhao G Z,et al.Electric conductivityand magma chamber at the Tianchi volcano area in Changbaishanmountain.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2001,23(2):191-200.
[11]汤吉,王继军,陈小斌等.阿尔山火山区地壳上地幔电性结构初探.地球物理学报,2005,48(1):196-202.Tang J,Wang J J,Chen X B,et al.Preliminary investigationfor electric conductivity structure of the crust and uppermantle beneath Aershan volcano area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(1):196-202.
[12]汤吉,赵国泽,王继军等.基于地下电性结构探讨中国东北活动火山形成机制.岩石学报,2006,22(6):1503-1510.Tang J,Zhao G Z,Wang J J,et al.Study of the formationmechanism for volcanism in Northeast China based on deepelectric structure.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,22(6):1503-1510.
[13]詹艳,赵国泽,王继军等.黑龙江五大连池火山群地壳电性结构.岩石学报,2006,22(6):1494-1502.Zhan Y,Zhao G Z,Wang J J,et al.Crustal electricconductivity structure for Wudalianchi volcanic cluster in theHeilongjiang province,China.Acta Petrologica Sinica(inChinese),2006,22(6):1494-1502.
[14]张成科,张先康,赵金仁等.长白山天池火山区及邻近地区壳幔结构探测研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(6):812-820.Zhang C K,Zhang X K,Zhao J R,et al.Study on thecrustal and upper mantles structure in the Tianchi volcanicregion and its adjacent area of Changbaishan.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(6):812-820.
[15]Li C,van der Hilst R D.Structure of the upper mantle andtransition zone beneath Southeast Asia from traveltimetomography.J.Geophys.Res.,2010,115(B7),B07308,doi:10.1029/2009JB006882.
[16]雷建设,赵大鹏.长白山火山的起源和太平洋俯冲板块之间的关系.地球科学进展,2004,19(3):364-367.Lei J S,Zhao D P.The relationship between the origin of theintraplate Changbai volcano and the subduction Pacific Slab.Advance in Earth Sciences(in Chinese),2004,19(3):364-367.
[17]VanDecar J C,Crosson R S.Determination of teleseismicrelative phase arrival times using multi-channel cross-correlation and least squares.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1990,80(1):150-169.
[18]Rawlinson N,Kennett B L N.Rapid estimation of relativeand absolute delay times across a network by adaptivestacking.Geophys.J.Int.,2004,157(1):332-340.
[19]Rawlinson N,Reading A M,Kennett B L N.Lithosphericstructure of Tasmania from a novel form of teleseismictomography.J.Geophys.Res.,2006,111,B02301,doi:10.1029/2005JB003803.
[20]Rawlinson N,Kennett B L N.Teleseismic tomography of theupper mantle beneath the southern Lachlan Orogen,Australia.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2008,167(1-2):84-97.
[21]郭飚,刘启元,陈九辉等.川西龙门山及邻区地壳上地幔远震P波层析成像.地球物理学报,2009,52(2):346-355.Guo B,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.Teleseismic P-wavetomography of the crust and upper mantle in Longmenshanarea,west Sichuan.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2):346-355.
[22]Paige C C,Saunders M A.LSQR:An algorithm for sparselinear equations and sparse least squares.ACM Trans.Math.Softw.,1982,8(1):43-71.
[23]Paige C C,Saunders M A.Algorithm 583 LSQR:Sparselinear equations and least squares problems.ACM Trans.Math.Softw.,1982,8(2):195-209.
[24]Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R.Traveltimes for globalearthquake location and phase identification.Geophys.J.Int.,1991,105(2):429-465.
[25]Duan Y H,Zhao D P,Zhang X K,et al.Seismic structureand origin of active intraplate volcanoes in Northeast Asia.Tectonophysics,2009,470(3-4):257-266.
[26]田有,刘财,冯晅.中国东北地区地壳、上地幔速度结构及其对矿产能源形成的控制作用.地球物理学报,2011,54(2):407-414.Tian Y,Liu C,Feng X.P-wave velocity structure of crustand upper mantle in Northeast China and its control on theformation of mineral and energy.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2011,54(2):407-414.
[27]Li Y H,Wu Q J,Pan J T,et al.S-wave velocity structure ofnortheastern China from joint inversion of Rayleigh wavephase and group velocities.Geophys.J.Int.,2012,190(1):105-115,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05503.x.
[28]郑洪伟,耿树方,杨贵等.中国东部地区深部结构的层析成像.地质通报,2012,31(7):1069-1077.Zheng H W,Geng S F,Yang G,et al.Deep structurebeneath eastern China from teleseismic P-wave tomography.Geological Bulletin of China(in Chinese),2012,31(7):1069-1077.
[29]Li C,van der Hilst R D,Toksoz M N.Constraining P-wavevelocity variations in the upper mantle beneath SoutheastAsia.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2006,154(2):180-195.
[30]Wei W,Xu J D,Zhao D P,et al.East Asia mantletomography:new insight into plate subduction and intraplatevolcanism.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,60:88-103.
[31]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417.Zheng X F,Ouyang B,Zhang D N,et al.Technical systemconstruction of Data Backup Centre for China SeismographNetwork and the data support to researches on the Wenchuanearthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1412-1417.
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