1679年三河-平谷8级地震近断层强地震动的有限元模拟
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摘要
文中通过收集整理三河-平谷8级地震的历史记录、野外地质调查和区域地震等资料,建立了该地震的震源模型;以穿过研究区的12条测线和区域第四纪、新近纪、古近纪沉积等厚度图等资料为基础,建立了北京地区的传播介质模型;利用哈尔滨工程力学研究所的近断层强地震动有限元程序和40节点的高性能并行计算机计算了北京地区震后60s内地表各点的地震动速度时程和峰值速度。为检验模拟结果的质量,我们取2排测点的速度时程和水平向峰值速度等值线图进行了分析,发现计算结果与历史地震记录及实际地震观测资料吻合良好,说明了我们的模拟结果的可信性和模拟方法的客观性。
On the basis of previous study of the 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu(M 8.0)earthquake,which is the biggest event in history ever recorded in Beijing and its adjacent area,we performed a 3-D strong ground motion simulation by utilizing explicit and decoupled finite element method to study the velocity history of ground point and the distributions of peak ground velocity in Beijing region.In the paper,earthquake source models of 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu(M8.0)earthquake are established and the corresponding parameters are given according to the data from history records,field geologic surveys,the study of regional earthquakes and empirical correlation.Meanwhile,by using the twelve profiles and sediment contour maps of Quaternary and Tertiary deposits in the study area,we established the transmission medium model.Then,applying a three-dimensional finite element computing program of near-fault strong ground motion and parallel computation technique developed by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,the peak ground velocity and the velocity history of 32,400 observation points on the ground surface in Beijing area are simulated.In our computation model,the earthquake source is 3km in depth and composed of 49280.5km×0.5km grids.The transmission medium model comprises thirty-six different character parts.With the grid spacing of 0.08km,a total of 2.187×107 grids are generated.Using a time step of 0.005 seconds we calculated the peak ground velocity and velocity history of observation points for 60 seconds duration time.In order to verify the simulation result,we selected and analyzed twenty-four velocity histories of observation points which were along two beelines and a contour map of horizontal peak ground velocity.After the analysis of the simulation results,we found the results are well in accordance with the historical records of the 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu(M 8.0)earthquake and the characteristics of near-fault strong ground motion,which were observed in the great earthquakes.The results from our simulation and analysis suggest that the source parameters and transmission medium parameters in our model are suitable and the explicit and decoupled finite element method is applicable to estimate the distribution of strong ground motion in the study region.
On the basis of previous study of the 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu(M 8.0)earthquake,which is the biggest event in history ever recorded in Beijing and its adjacent area,we performed a 3-D strong ground motion simulation by utilizing explicit and decoupled finite element method to study the velocity history of ground point and the distributions of peak ground velocity in Beijing region.In the paper,earthquake source models of 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu(M8.0)earthquake are established and the corresponding parameters are given according to the data from history records,field geologic surveys,the study of regional earthquakes and empirical correlation.Meanwhile,by using the twelve profiles and sediment contour maps of Quaternary and Tertiary deposits in the study area,we established the transmission medium model.Then,applying a three-dimensional finite element computing program of near-fault strong ground motion and parallel computation technique developed by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,the peak ground velocity and the velocity history of 32,400 observation points on the ground surface in Beijing area are simulated.In our computation model,the earthquake source is 3km in depth and composed of 49280.5km×0.5km grids.The transmission medium model comprises thirty-six different character parts.With the grid spacing of 0.08km,a total of 2.187×107 grids are generated.Using a time step of 0.005 seconds we calculated the peak ground velocity and velocity history of observation points for 60 seconds duration time.In order to verify the simulation result,we selected and analyzed twenty-four velocity histories of observation points which were along two beelines and a contour map of horizontal peak ground velocity.After the analysis of the simulation results,we found the results are well in accordance with the historical records of the 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu(M 8.0)earthquake and the characteristics of near-fault strong ground motion,which were observed in the great earthquakes.The results from our simulation and analysis suggest that the source parameters and transmission medium parameters in our model are suitable and the explicit and decoupled finite element method is applicable to estimate the distribution of strong ground motion in the study region.
引文
[1]北京市地质研究所,1981,北京市地质图。
邓起东,于贵华,叶文华.1992.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(2).北京:地震出版社.247—264.DENG Qi-dong,YUGui-hua,YE Wen-hua.1992.Relationship between earthquake magnitude and parameters of surfaceruptures associated with historical earthquakes[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research on Active Fault(2).Seismological Press,Beijing.247—264(in Chinese).
董敏煜.2000.地震勘探[M].东营:石油大学出版社.DONG Min-yu.2000.Seismology Exploration[M].University of Petroleum Press,Dongying(in Chinese).
高孟潭,俞言祥,张晓梅,等.2002.北京地区地震动的三维有限差分模拟[J].中国地震,18(4):356—364.GAO Meng-tan,YUYan-xiang,ZHANG Xiao-mei,et al.2002.Three-dimensional finite-difference simulations of groundmotions in the Beijing area[J].Earthquake Research in China,18(4):356—364(in Chinese).
高文学,马瑾主编.1993.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害[M].北京:地震出版社.GAO Wen-xue,MA Jin(eds).1993.Seismo-Geological Background and Earthquake Hazard in Beijing Area[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
高战武.2001.张家口-蓬莱断裂带地震地质特征研究[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.GAO Zhan-wu.2001.A Study on Characteristics of Earthquake Geology of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone[D].Doctor Thesis.Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing(in Chinese).
郭增建,马宗晋主编.1988.中国特大地震研究(1)[M].北京:地震出版社.98—117.GUO Zeng-jian,MA Zong-jin(eds).1988.Study of Great Earthquake in China(1)[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.98—117(in Chinese).
刘启方.2005.基于运动学和动力学震源模型的近断层地震动研究[D]:[学位论文].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.LIU Qi-fang.2005.Studies on Near-fault Ground Motions Based on Kinematic and Dynamic Source Models[D].DoctorThesis.Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Haerbin(in Chinese).
潘波,许建东,关口春子,等.2006.北京地区近断层强地震动模拟[J].地震地质,28(4):623—634.PAN Bo,XU Jian-dong,Haruko Sekigguchi,et al.2006.Simulation of the near-fault strong round motion in Beijingregion[J].Seismology and Geology,28(4):623—634(in Chinese).
冉勇康,邓起东,杨晓平,等.1997.1679年三河-平谷8级地震发震断层的古地震及其重复间隔[J].地震地质,19(3):193—202.RAN Yong-kang,DENG Qi-dong,YANG Xiao-ping,et al.1997.Paleoearthquakes and recurrence interval on theseismogenic fault of1679Sanhe-PingguM8earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,19(3):193—202(inChinese).
谢毓寿,蔡美彪主编.1983.中国地震历史资料汇编(3)[Z].北京:科学出版社.279—323.XIE Yu-shou,CAI Mei-biao(eds).1983.Collection of Historical Earthquake Data of China(3)[Z].Science Press,Beijing.279—323(in Chinese).
向宏发,方仲景,徐杰,等.1988.三河-平谷8级地震区的构造背景与大震重复性研究[J].地震地质,10(1):15—28.XIANG Hong-fa,FAGN Zhong-jing,XU Jie,et al.1988.Seismotectonic background and recurrence interval of greatearthquakes in1679Sanhe-PingguM=8earthquake area[J].Seismology and Geology,10(1):15—28(inChinese).
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.XU Xi-wei,WU Wei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.The Latest Crustal Deformation and Earthquakes in BeijingArea[M].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
张冬丽,陶夏新,周正华.2006.近场强地震动数值模拟的简化计算方法[J].地震地质,28(4):612—622.ZHANG Dong-li,TAO Xia-xin,ZHOU Zheng-hua.2006.Simplified method for numerical simulation of near-field strongground motion[J].Seismology and Geology,28(4):612—622(in Chinese).
张先康,赵金仁,刘国华,等.2002.三河-平谷8.0级大震区震源细结构的深地震反射探测研究[J].中国地震,18(4):326—336.ZHANG Xian-kang,ZHAO Jin-ren,LIU Guo-hua,et al.2002.Study on fine crustal structure of the Sanhe-Pingguearthquake(8.0)region by deep seismic reflection profiling[J].Earthquake Research in China,18(4):326—336(in Chinese).
张之立,李钦祖,谷继成,等.1980.唐山地震的破裂过程及其力学分析[J].地震学报,2(2):111—129.ZHANG Zhi-li,LI Qin-zu,GU Ji-cheng,et al.1980.The fracture processes of the Tangshan earthquake and itsmechanical analysis[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2(2):111—129(in Chinese).
赵金仁,张先康,张成科,等.2004.利用宽角反射折射探测剖面揭示三河-平谷大震区结构特征[J].地球物理学报,47(4):646—653.ZHAO Jin-ren,ZHANG Xian-kang,ZHANG Cheng-ke,et al.2004.Deep structural featueres of the Sanhe-Pinggu greatearthquake area imaged by wide-angle and deep seismic reflection profiling[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,47(4):111—129.
Bolt B A,Abrahamson N A.2003.Estimation of strong seismic ground motions[A].In:International Handbook ofEarthquake and Engineering Seismology.Academic Press,America.983—1001.
Somerville P,Irikura K,Graves R,et al.1999.Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strongground motion[J].Seismological Research Letters,70(1):59—80.
邓起东,于贵华,叶文华.1992.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(2).北京:地震出版社.247—264.DENG Qi-dong,YUGui-hua,YE Wen-hua.1992.Relationship between earthquake magnitude and parameters of surfaceruptures associated with historical earthquakes[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research on Active Fault(2).Seismological Press,Beijing.247—264(in Chinese).
董敏煜.2000.地震勘探[M].东营:石油大学出版社.DONG Min-yu.2000.Seismology Exploration[M].University of Petroleum Press,Dongying(in Chinese).
高孟潭,俞言祥,张晓梅,等.2002.北京地区地震动的三维有限差分模拟[J].中国地震,18(4):356—364.GAO Meng-tan,YUYan-xiang,ZHANG Xiao-mei,et al.2002.Three-dimensional finite-difference simulations of groundmotions in the Beijing area[J].Earthquake Research in China,18(4):356—364(in Chinese).
高文学,马瑾主编.1993.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害[M].北京:地震出版社.GAO Wen-xue,MA Jin(eds).1993.Seismo-Geological Background and Earthquake Hazard in Beijing Area[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
高战武.2001.张家口-蓬莱断裂带地震地质特征研究[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.GAO Zhan-wu.2001.A Study on Characteristics of Earthquake Geology of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone[D].Doctor Thesis.Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing(in Chinese).
郭增建,马宗晋主编.1988.中国特大地震研究(1)[M].北京:地震出版社.98—117.GUO Zeng-jian,MA Zong-jin(eds).1988.Study of Great Earthquake in China(1)[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.98—117(in Chinese).
刘启方.2005.基于运动学和动力学震源模型的近断层地震动研究[D]:[学位论文].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.LIU Qi-fang.2005.Studies on Near-fault Ground Motions Based on Kinematic and Dynamic Source Models[D].DoctorThesis.Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Haerbin(in Chinese).
潘波,许建东,关口春子,等.2006.北京地区近断层强地震动模拟[J].地震地质,28(4):623—634.PAN Bo,XU Jian-dong,Haruko Sekigguchi,et al.2006.Simulation of the near-fault strong round motion in Beijingregion[J].Seismology and Geology,28(4):623—634(in Chinese).
冉勇康,邓起东,杨晓平,等.1997.1679年三河-平谷8级地震发震断层的古地震及其重复间隔[J].地震地质,19(3):193—202.RAN Yong-kang,DENG Qi-dong,YANG Xiao-ping,et al.1997.Paleoearthquakes and recurrence interval on theseismogenic fault of1679Sanhe-PingguM8earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,19(3):193—202(inChinese).
谢毓寿,蔡美彪主编.1983.中国地震历史资料汇编(3)[Z].北京:科学出版社.279—323.XIE Yu-shou,CAI Mei-biao(eds).1983.Collection of Historical Earthquake Data of China(3)[Z].Science Press,Beijing.279—323(in Chinese).
向宏发,方仲景,徐杰,等.1988.三河-平谷8级地震区的构造背景与大震重复性研究[J].地震地质,10(1):15—28.XIANG Hong-fa,FAGN Zhong-jing,XU Jie,et al.1988.Seismotectonic background and recurrence interval of greatearthquakes in1679Sanhe-PingguM=8earthquake area[J].Seismology and Geology,10(1):15—28(inChinese).
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.XU Xi-wei,WU Wei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.The Latest Crustal Deformation and Earthquakes in BeijingArea[M].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
张冬丽,陶夏新,周正华.2006.近场强地震动数值模拟的简化计算方法[J].地震地质,28(4):612—622.ZHANG Dong-li,TAO Xia-xin,ZHOU Zheng-hua.2006.Simplified method for numerical simulation of near-field strongground motion[J].Seismology and Geology,28(4):612—622(in Chinese).
张先康,赵金仁,刘国华,等.2002.三河-平谷8.0级大震区震源细结构的深地震反射探测研究[J].中国地震,18(4):326—336.ZHANG Xian-kang,ZHAO Jin-ren,LIU Guo-hua,et al.2002.Study on fine crustal structure of the Sanhe-Pingguearthquake(8.0)region by deep seismic reflection profiling[J].Earthquake Research in China,18(4):326—336(in Chinese).
张之立,李钦祖,谷继成,等.1980.唐山地震的破裂过程及其力学分析[J].地震学报,2(2):111—129.ZHANG Zhi-li,LI Qin-zu,GU Ji-cheng,et al.1980.The fracture processes of the Tangshan earthquake and itsmechanical analysis[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2(2):111—129(in Chinese).
赵金仁,张先康,张成科,等.2004.利用宽角反射折射探测剖面揭示三河-平谷大震区结构特征[J].地球物理学报,47(4):646—653.ZHAO Jin-ren,ZHANG Xian-kang,ZHANG Cheng-ke,et al.2004.Deep structural featueres of the Sanhe-Pinggu greatearthquake area imaged by wide-angle and deep seismic reflection profiling[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,47(4):111—129.
Bolt B A,Abrahamson N A.2003.Estimation of strong seismic ground motions[A].In:International Handbook ofEarthquake and Engineering Seismology.Academic Press,America.983—1001.
Somerville P,Irikura K,Graves R,et al.1999.Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strongground motion[J].Seismological Research Letters,70(1):59—80.
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