汶川地震滑坡与地震参数及地质地貌因素之间的相关关系
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摘要
在对汶川地震诱发的典型滑坡进行野外调查和相关资料收集、分析和整理的基础上,对汶川地震滑坡与地震参数及坡度、岩土体特性等地质地貌因素之间的相关关系进行了统计分析。结果表明:(1)汶川地震滑坡主要发生在Ⅶ~Ⅺ烈度区,Ⅵ度及以下烈度区中发生的滑坡较少;(2)汶川地震滑坡主要发生在距震中300km的范围内,且距震中200km的范围内滑坡分布最为集中;(3)汶川地震滑坡的易发斜坡坡度为30°~50,°其中30°~40°是汶川地震滑坡发育最为敏感的坡度;(4)汶川地震滑坡主要发生在600~1500m的高程范围内,在600~1000m高程范围内的中低山和丘陵区滑坡分布最为集中;(5)砂泥岩、板岩、片岩、千枚岩等软岩类和土质类岩性是汶川地震滑坡的易发岩性,其次是软硬岩组合类,在统计的47个典型滑坡中,花岗岩、碳酸盐岩等硬岩类中发生的滑坡最少,而且由汶川地震直接导致复活的老滑坡也比较少。
This paper is based on investigations of the landslides induced by Wenchuan Earthquake and collection and analysis of the related data.It presents the statistical relations between the earthquake-induced landslides and other factors including earthquake parameters,geological and geomorphological factors.The results show that:(1)the landslides caused by Wenchuan earthquake mainly occurred in the Ⅶ～Ⅺ intensity districts,there were rather fewer landslides in the Ⅵ and below intensity districts;(2)the earthquake-induced landslides mainly occurred in the area 300 km from the epicenter,and intensively distributed in the area 200 km from the epicenter;(3)the slopes with the dip angle of 30°～50°,especially 30～40°,are very easy to slide during Wenchuan Earthquake;(4)the earthquake-induced landslides mainly distributed in the elevation range of 600～1500m,especially 600～1000 m;(5)soft rocks such as mudstone,shale,schist and so on,are the easiest to slide during Wenchuan Earthquake;the combination of soft and hard rocks is secondary to slide;and hard rocks such as granite and carbonate rocks are not easy to slide;only a few old landslides were re-activated by Wenchuan Earthquake.
This paper is based on investigations of the landslides induced by Wenchuan Earthquake and collection and analysis of the related data.It presents the statistical relations between the earthquake-induced landslides and other factors including earthquake parameters,geological and geomorphological factors.The results show that:(1)the landslides caused by Wenchuan earthquake mainly occurred in the Ⅶ～Ⅺ intensity districts,there were rather fewer landslides in the Ⅵ and below intensity districts;(2)the earthquake-induced landslides mainly occurred in the area 300 km from the epicenter,and intensively distributed in the area 200 km from the epicenter;(3)the slopes with the dip angle of 30°～50°,especially 30～40°,are very easy to slide during Wenchuan Earthquake;(4)the earthquake-induced landslides mainly distributed in the elevation range of 600～1500m,especially 600～1000 m;(5)soft rocks such as mudstone,shale,schist and so on,are the easiest to slide during Wenchuan Earthquake;the combination of soft and hard rocks is secondary to slide;and hard rocks such as granite and carbonate rocks are not easy to slide;only a few old landslides were re-activated by Wenchuan Earthquake.
引文
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[8]刘惠军,沈军辉,聂德新等.5.12汶川地震青川县木鱼镇滑坡坝稳定性分析[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):263~266.Liu Huijun,Shen Junhui,Nie Dexin et al.The analysis of Land-slide dam stability at Muyu town in Qi chuan Country[J].Journalof mountain science,2008,26(3):263~266.
[9]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震出发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].2008,16(6):730~741.Huang Runqiu,Pai Xiangjun,Li Tianbin.Basic characteristics andformation mechanism of the largest scale landslide at Daguangbaooccurred during the Wenchuan earthquake[J].2008,16(6):730~741.
[10]鲍叶静.地震崩塌滑坡概率危险性分析及初步预测[D].中科院地震局地球物理研究所,2004.Bao Yejing.Probability analysis and primary prediction of dangerof landslide caused by earthquake[D].Institute of GeophysicsChina Earthquake Administration,2004.
[11]David k.keefer.Investigation landslides caused by earthquake-Ahistorical review[J].Survey in Geophysics,2002,23:473~5100.
[2]柴贺军,刘汉超,张倬元.1933年叠溪地震滑坡堵江事件及其环境效应[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1995,6(1):7~17.Cai Hejun,Liu Hanchao,Zhang Zhuoyuan.Landslide dams in-duced by Diexi earthquake in 1933 and its environmental effect[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1995,6(1):7~17.
[3]Zhou bengang,Zhang Yuming.Some characteristics of earth-quake-induced landslides in southwestern China[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,1994,16(1):96~103.
[4]H.B.Wang,K.Sassa,W.Y.Xu.Analysis of a spatial distributionof landslides triggered by the 2004 Chuetsu earthquakes of NiigataPrefecture,Japan[J].Nat Hazards,2007,41:43~60.
[5]Plafker George,Ericksen G E.Geologic aspects of the May 31,1970,Peru earthquake[J].Seismological Society of America Bulle-tin,1971,61:543~578.
[6]殷跃平.汶川8级地震滑坡分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29~38.Yin Yue ping.Features of landslides triggered by the Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):29~38.
[7]许强,黄润秋.5.12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721~729.Xu Qiang,Huang Runqiu.Kinetics characters of large landslidestriggered by May 12th Wenchuan earquake[J].
[8]刘惠军,沈军辉,聂德新等.5.12汶川地震青川县木鱼镇滑坡坝稳定性分析[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):263~266.Liu Huijun,Shen Junhui,Nie Dexin et al.The analysis of Land-slide dam stability at Muyu town in Qi chuan Country[J].Journalof mountain science,2008,26(3):263~266.
[9]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震出发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].2008,16(6):730~741.Huang Runqiu,Pai Xiangjun,Li Tianbin.Basic characteristics andformation mechanism of the largest scale landslide at Daguangbaooccurred during the Wenchuan earthquake[J].2008,16(6):730~741.
[10]鲍叶静.地震崩塌滑坡概率危险性分析及初步预测[D].中科院地震局地球物理研究所,2004.Bao Yejing.Probability analysis and primary prediction of dangerof landslide caused by earthquake[D].Institute of GeophysicsChina Earthquake Administration,2004.
[11]David k.keefer.Investigation landslides caused by earthquake-Ahistorical review[J].Survey in Geophysics,2002,23:473~5100.
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