深穿透地球化学新进展
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摘要
叙述了深穿透地球化学近年来在方法技术与理论上的新进展。列举了在国际合作项目“Deep penetratingGeochemistry”中使用中国发展的新分析技术与国外一些方法在两个隐伏矿区比较的结果。在内华达Mike隐伏金矿上方使用中国的有机结合态提取方法 (OBM )效果最好 ;Mike隐伏铜矿上方使用中国的铁锰氧化物包裹及吸附态提取方法 (FMM )效果最好。在智利GabySur隐伏斑岩铜矿上方 ,应用国外Actlabs的水提取及酶提取方法仅在隐伏矿两侧断层上方地表圈出Cu和Ag异常峰值 ,而应用中国的水提取 (WEM )及吸附态提取 (AEM)方法则在整个隐伏矿床上方地表都圈出明显的Cu及Ag异常。两者明显差异的原因正在进一步研究中。在中国“973”及地质大调查项目中例举了在新疆东天山采集弱胶结层细粒物质进行战略性深穿透填图取得的成果 ,发现多处可找到Au ,U ,Cu ,W ,Pt,Pd隐伏矿床的远景区 ,特别是两个可能发现大型隐伏铀矿的靶区 ,为在该地区找寻可地浸砂岩型铀矿提供了重要线索。在理论研究方面报道了国际项目中提出的地震泵、大气压泵、冬季呼气、CO2 发生器等驱动活动态金属向上迁移的理论将之与中国近年提出的地球气搬运活动态金属的理论相结合 ,提出了一个新的以地球气为主的活动态元素向上迁移的多营力接力搬运模型。
Recent developments of deep penetrating geochemistry are briefly reviewed, including achievements obtained by the international research project funded by CAMIRO in Canada and by the research projects funded by MST and CGS in China. In the international CAMIRO's project, comparison of results obtained by IGGE lab of China and Canadian labs on a concealed Au Cu deposit in Nevada, USA, and a concealed Cu deposit in Chile is made. The Mike Au Cu deposit in Nevada is concealed under 150～250 m post ore sedimentary and volcanic rocks. For Au, the most distinctive anomaly is by the IGGE OBM method directly over the concealed mineralization. For Cu, the most distinctive anomaly is by the IGGE FMM method over the Cu rich portion of the deposit. The Gaby Sur porphyry Cu deposit is concealed under 40 m piedmont gravel. Sharp anomalies for Na, Cu and Ag etc. only above the two bounding faults of the deposit, were obtained by Canadian deionized water and enzyme leach methods. But distinct anomalies of Cu and Ag were delineated directly across the whole concealed deposit. Further research is needed to explain the different anomalies patterns by Canadian & Chinese methods. The work in Tienshan is cited in this paper as an example from the progress of regional deep penetrating geochemical mapping funded by MST and CGS of China. By wide spaced sampling of the fine fraction of weakly cemented layer under desert sand, many target areas of Au, U, Cu, Pt and Pd were delineated. Especially the two U targets will provide important information for searching concealed sandstone type leachable uranium deposit. The recent progress on the principles for vertical migration of mobile elements through thick exotic covers is reviewed. A new hypothesis is advanced by the authors. It's based on the earthgas as the main driving force with seismic pumping, barometric pumping, winter exhalation, CO 2 generators, evaporation, capillary action, planet root action, etc., and as the relay forces operating in different depths and different climate zones, to transport the mobile elements to the surface.
Recent developments of deep penetrating geochemistry are briefly reviewed, including achievements obtained by the international research project funded by CAMIRO in Canada and by the research projects funded by MST and CGS in China. In the international CAMIRO's project, comparison of results obtained by IGGE lab of China and Canadian labs on a concealed Au Cu deposit in Nevada, USA, and a concealed Cu deposit in Chile is made. The Mike Au Cu deposit in Nevada is concealed under 150～250 m post ore sedimentary and volcanic rocks. For Au, the most distinctive anomaly is by the IGGE OBM method directly over the concealed mineralization. For Cu, the most distinctive anomaly is by the IGGE FMM method over the Cu rich portion of the deposit. The Gaby Sur porphyry Cu deposit is concealed under 40 m piedmont gravel. Sharp anomalies for Na, Cu and Ag etc. only above the two bounding faults of the deposit, were obtained by Canadian deionized water and enzyme leach methods. But distinct anomalies of Cu and Ag were delineated directly across the whole concealed deposit. Further research is needed to explain the different anomalies patterns by Canadian & Chinese methods. The work in Tienshan is cited in this paper as an example from the progress of regional deep penetrating geochemical mapping funded by MST and CGS of China. By wide spaced sampling of the fine fraction of weakly cemented layer under desert sand, many target areas of Au, U, Cu, Pt and Pd were delineated. Especially the two U targets will provide important information for searching concealed sandstone type leachable uranium deposit. The recent progress on the principles for vertical migration of mobile elements through thick exotic covers is reviewed. A new hypothesis is advanced by the authors. It's based on the earthgas as the main driving force with seismic pumping, barometric pumping, winter exhalation, CO 2 generators, evaporation, capillary action, planet root action, etc., and as the relay forces operating in different depths and different climate zones, to transport the mobile elements to the surface.
引文
①CameronEM ,XIEXuejin.SelectiveleachanalysesforcopperandgoldinsoilsovertheMikedeposit,Nevada:Comparisonoffourse quentialleachesfromChineseLaboratoryandfiveselectiveleachesfromCanadianlaboratories.2002.
①白金峰.活动态测量中某些关键性方法技术研究.滤材选择及其应用研究.2002.
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[15] BAIJinfeng,LUYinxiu.Selectionoffiltersusedinthedeter minationofmobilemetalsinsoil[J].GeophyGeochemExplor,2001,25(4):272278(inChinese). [白金峰,卢荫庥.活动态测量中滤材的选择及其应用[J].物探与化探,2001,25:4,272278.]
[16] NURA .Matsushiro,Japan,earthquakeswarm:confirmationofdilatancy fluiddiffusionmodel[J].Geology,1974,2:217222.
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[18] MUIRWR .Earthquake,straincyclingandthemobilizationoffluids[A].PARNELLJ.Geofluids:Origin,MigrationandEvolutionofFluidsinSedimentaryBasins[C].GeolSocSpecPubl,1994,78:8598.
[19] XIEXuejin.Surficialandsuperimposedgeochemicalexpressionsforgiantoredeposits[A],CLARKAH .GiantOreDepositsII[C].Kingston,Canada:Queen sUniversityPress,1995.475485.
[20] WANGXueqiu,CHENGZhizhong,LIUDawen,etal.Nanoscalemetalsinearthgasandmobileformsofmetalsinover burdeninwide spacedregionalexplorationforgiantoredepositsinoverburdenterrains[J].JGeochemExplor,1997,58(1):6372.
[21] WANGXueqiu,LIUDawen,CHENGZhizhong,etal.Widespacedgeochemicalmappingformineralexplorationinconcealedterranes[A].XieXuejin.TheProc30thIntG
①白金峰.活动态测量中某些关键性方法技术研究.滤材选择及其应用研究.2002.
[1] KRISTIANSSONK ,MALMQVISTL .Evidencefornondiffu sivetransportofRninthegroundandanewphysicalmodelforthetransport[J].Geophysics,1982,47(10):14441452.
[2] CLARKJR ,MEIERAL .Enzymeleachingofsurficialgeo chemicalsamplesfordefininghydromorphictrace elementanomaliesassociatedwith precious/metalmineralizedbedrockburiedbeneathglacialoverburdeninnorthernMinnesota[A].GOLD 90[C],1990.189207.
[3] ANTROPOVALV ,GOLDBERGIS ,VOROSHILOVNA ,etal.Newmethodsofregionalexplorationforblindmineraliza tion:applicationintheUSSR [J].JGeochemExplor,1992,43:157166.
[4] MANNAW ,BIRRELLRD ,GAYLM ,etal.Partialextrac tionsandmobilemetalions[A].CAMUTIKS .ExtendedAb stractsofthe17thIGES[C].1995.3134.
[5] XIEXuejin.Newideasandnewtechnologyforsearchinggiantoredeposit[J].ScientificChinese,1995,15:1416(inChi nese). [谢学锦.用新观念与新技术寻找巨型矿床[J].科学中国人,1995,15:1416.]
[6] WANGXueqiu,CHENGZhizhong.Developmentoftechniquesformeasuringmobilemetalsinsoilanditssignificanceinexplo ration[J].GeoexplorationAbroad,1996(2):1722(inChi nese). [王学求,程志中.元素活动态测量技术的发展及其意义[J].国外地质勘探技术,1996(2):1722.]
[7] WANGXueqiu,XIEXuejin,CHENGZhizhong,etal.Pene tratingthroughthickcoversanddelineationofregionalgeochemi calanomaliesinconcealedterrains—acasehistoryfromOlympicDam[J].JGeochemExplor,1999,66:8594.
[8] XIEXuejin,WANGXueqiu,XULi,etal.Orientationstudyofstrategicdeep penetrationgeochemicalmethodsinthecentralKyzzylkumdesertterrain,Uzbekistan[J].JGeochemExplor,1999,66:135143.
[9] CAMERONEM .Deep penetratingGeochemistry[R ].CAMIRO ExplorationDivision,1998.117.
[10] McCARTHYJH ,LAMBERN ,DIETRICHJA .Acasestudyofsoilgasesasanexplorationguideinglaciatedterrain[J].CrandonMassiveDeposit,WisconsinExplor.Geol.,1986,81:408420.
[11] NILSONRH ,PETERSONEW ,LIEKH ,etal.Atmo sphericpumping,amechamismcausingverticaltransportofcon taminatedgasthroughfracturedpermeablemedia[J].JGeophyRes,1991,96:2193321948.
[12] KELLYDL .Aninvestigationofpiedmontgeochemicalexplo rationtechniquesforburiedporphyrycopperdeposits:part1.Soilgeochemistryandbiogeochemistry[A].BHPMineralsRe port[R].1995.
[13] WANGXueqiu.Leachofmobileformsofmetalsinoverburden:developmentandapplication[J].JGeochemExplor,1998,61:3955.
[14] LUYinxiu,WANGXiaoling,BAIJinfeng.Analyticalmethodsforthedeterminationofmetalsinearthgasandmetalsinmobileformsinsoil[A].XIEXuejin,SHAOYue,WANGXueqiu.ExplorationGeochemistryToward21stCentury[C \〗.Bei jing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1999.143159(inChinese). [卢荫庥,王晓玲,白金峰.地球气中金属与活动态金属分析方法研究[A].谢学锦,邵跃,王学求.走向21世纪的勘查地球化学[C].北京:地质出版社,1999.143159.]
[15] BAIJinfeng,LUYinxiu.Selectionoffiltersusedinthedeter minationofmobilemetalsinsoil[J].GeophyGeochemExplor,2001,25(4):272278(inChinese). [白金峰,卢荫庥.活动态测量中滤材的选择及其应用[J].物探与化探,2001,25:4,272278.]
[16] NURA .Matsushiro,Japan,earthquakeswarm:confirmationofdilatancy fluiddiffusionmodel[J].Geology,1974,2:217222.
[17] SIBSONRH ,MOOREJM ,RANKINAH .Seismicpump ing:ahydrothermalfluidtransportmechanism[J].JGeologicalSociety,London,SpecialPublication,1975,131:653659.
[18] MUIRWR .Earthquake,straincyclingandthemobilizationoffluids[A].PARNELLJ.Geofluids:Origin,MigrationandEvolutionofFluidsinSedimentaryBasins[C].GeolSocSpecPubl,1994,78:8598.
[19] XIEXuejin.Surficialandsuperimposedgeochemicalexpressionsforgiantoredeposits[A],CLARKAH .GiantOreDepositsII[C].Kingston,Canada:Queen sUniversityPress,1995.475485.
[20] WANGXueqiu,CHENGZhizhong,LIUDawen,etal.Nanoscalemetalsinearthgasandmobileformsofmetalsinover burdeninwide spacedregionalexplorationforgiantoredepositsinoverburdenterrains[J].JGeochemExplor,1997,58(1):6372.
[21] WANGXueqiu,LIUDawen,CHENGZhizhong,etal.Widespacedgeochemicalmappingformineralexplorationinconcealedterranes[A].XieXuejin.TheProc30thIntG
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