利用辽宁区域地震台网记录分析“重复地震”
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摘要
将Schaff和Richards所选的通过远震波形相关得到的分布在辽宁地区的23对"重复地震",利用辽宁区域地震台网记录的波形资料进行相关计算,得到辽宁区域台网波形相关意义上的"重复地震",并与Schaff和Richards的结果进行了对比分析.利用辽宁区域台网得到的"重复地震"对辽宁区域地震台网的震相拾取和地震定位进行了评估.结果表明,远震波形相关意义上的"重复地震"与区域台网波形相关意义上的"重复地震"有一定差别,它们只有部分交集.但是,从总体上评估辽宁区域台网的定位能力和震相拾取误差,用两种方法得到的"重复地震"所给出的评估结果无实质差别尽管用区域台网得到的"重复地震"似乎效果更好.基于"重复地震"之间在理论上距离应小于1km的工作假定,可以得到辽宁区域台网地震目录中的定位误差在5km之内,平均为2km;Pg震相的拾取误差94%在±1s之间,Sg震相的拾取误差88%在±1s之间.
In the list of 'repeating pairs' or 'doublets' of earthquakes in China identified by Schaff and Richards using teleseismic waveform cross-correlation there were 23 repeating pairs located in Liaoning Province. In this study the waveforms of these events were cross-correlated using records from Liaoning Regional Seismograph Network (LRSN), and the 'repeating events' in the sense of regional waveform cross-correlation were obtained. The result was compared with that of Schaff and Richards and was used for the assessment of the seismic phase picking and event location practice of LRSN. The result shows that 'repeating events' in the sense of teleseismic waveform cross-correlation and those in the sense of regional waveform cross-correlation have significant difference, although with some overlap. However, the overall assessment of the location accuracy and the phase pick errors of LRSN by using these two sets of 'repeating events', respectively, provides similar result, while 'repeating events' in the sense of regional waveform cross-correlation seem to be better performing in such an assessment. With the assumption that the separation between the 'repeaters' be less than 1 km, the uncertainty in routine earthquake location of LRSN is estimated to be below 5 km, with the average of 2 km. In the observational bulletins of LRSN the time error in phase picking is estimated to be within ±1 s for 94% Pg readings and for 88% Sg readings.
In the list of 'repeating pairs' or 'doublets' of earthquakes in China identified by Schaff and Richards using teleseismic waveform cross-correlation there were 23 repeating pairs located in Liaoning Province. In this study the waveforms of these events were cross-correlated using records from Liaoning Regional Seismograph Network (LRSN), and the 'repeating events' in the sense of regional waveform cross-correlation were obtained. The result was compared with that of Schaff and Richards and was used for the assessment of the seismic phase picking and event location practice of LRSN. The result shows that 'repeating events' in the sense of teleseismic waveform cross-correlation and those in the sense of regional waveform cross-correlation have significant difference, although with some overlap. However, the overall assessment of the location accuracy and the phase pick errors of LRSN by using these two sets of 'repeating events', respectively, provides similar result, while 'repeating events' in the sense of regional waveform cross-correlation seem to be better performing in such an assessment. With the assumption that the separation between the 'repeaters' be less than 1 km, the uncertainty in routine earthquake location of LRSN is estimated to be below 5 km, with the average of 2 km. In the observational bulletins of LRSN the time error in phase picking is estimated to be within ±1 s for 94% Pg readings and for 88% Sg readings.
引文
①辽宁省地震局台网中心保存的地震事件波形电子记录(1999年,2000年).
②辽宁台网地震观测报告.辽宁省地震台网中心编制(1999年11月、12月,2000年1月、3月).
郭飙,刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成.2002.首都圈数字地震台网的微震定位实验[J].地震地质,24(3):453--460.
蒋长胜,吴忠良.2005.由“重复地震”给出的中国地震台网的定位精度估计[J].中国地震,21(2):147--154.
蒋长胜,吴忠良,李宇彤.2008.首都圈地区“重复地震事件”及其在区域地震台网定位精度评价中的应用[J].地球物理学报,51(3):817--827.
林建民,王宝善,葛洪魁,陈棋福,陈颙.2006.重复地震及其在人工探测中的潜在应用[J].中国地震,22(1):1--9.
孟玉梅,赵永,王斌.2001.中国地震观测台网地震速报定位偏差的分析[J].地震,21(3):65--69.
吴书贵,蒋秀琴.2003.数字遥测地震台网建设与运行[M].北京:地震出版社:29--34.
Bartal Y,Somer Z,Leonard G,Steinberg D M,Horin Y B.2000.Opti mal seismic networks in Israel in the context ofthe Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90:151--165.
Bath M.1974.Spectral Analysis in Geophysics[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company:87--94.
Doufexopoulou M,Korakitis R.1992.Resolution analysis of seismic networks[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,75:121--129.
Geller RJ,Mueller C S.1980.Four si milar earthquake in central California[J].Geophys Res Lett,10:821--824.
Grêt A,Snieder R.2005.Monitoring rapidtemporal changein a volcano with coda waveinterferometry[J].Geophys ResLett,32:L06304,doi:10.1029/2004GL021143.
Hough S E,Field E H.1996.On the coherence of ground motionin the San Fernad Valley[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,86:1724--1732.
Igarashi T,Matsuzawa T,Hasegawa T.2003.Repeating earthquakes and interpolate aseismic slip in the northeasternJapan subduction zone[J].J Geophys Res,108:2249,doi:10.1029/2002JB001920.
Isacks B L,Sykes L R,Oliver J.1967.Spatial andtemporal clustering of deep and shallowearthquakesinthe Fiji-Tonga-Kermadec region[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,57:935--958.
Lienert B R.1997.Assessment of earthquakelocation accuracy and confidence region esti mates using known nuclear tests[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,87:1150--1157.
Menke W,Lerner-Lam A L,Dobendorff B,Pachecoet J.1990.Polarization and coherence of5to30Hz seismic wavefields at a hard-rock site and their relevance to velocity heterogeneities in the crust[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,80:430--449.
Nakamura A,Hasegawa A,Hirata N,Iwasaki T,Hamaguchi H.2002.Temporal variations of seismic wave velocity as-sociated with1998M6.1Shizukuishi earthquake[J].Pure Appl Geophys,159:1183--1204.
Nadeau R M,Foxall W,McEvilly T V.1995.Clustering and periodic recurrence of microseismicities onthe San Andreasfault at Parkfield,California[J].Science,267:503--507.
Niu F,Silver P G,Nadeau R M,McEvilly T V.2003.Migration of seismic scatterers associated withthe1993Parkfieldaseismic transient event[J].Nature,426:544--548.
Pandolfi D,Bean CJ,Saccorott G.2006.Coda waveinterferometric detection of seismic velocity changes associated withthe1999M=3.6event at Mt.Vesuvius[J].J Geophys Res,33:L06306,doi:10.1029/2005GL025355.
Poupinet G,Ellsworth WL,Frchet J.1984.Monitoring velocity variations in the crust using earthquake doublets:anapplication to the Calaveras fault,California[J].J Geophys Res,89:5719--5731.
Rabinowitz N,Steinberg D M.1990.Opti mal configuration of a seismographic network:a statistical approach[J].BullSeismSoc Amer,80:187--196.
Richards P G,Waldhauser F,Schaff D,Ki m WY.2006.The applicability of modern methods of earthquakelocation[J].Pure Appl Geophys,163:351--372.
Rubin A M.2002.Using repeating earthquakes to correct high-precision earthquake catalogs for ti me-dependent stationdelays[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,92:1647--1659.
Schaff D P,Richards P G.2004a.Repeating seismic events in China[J].Science,303:1176--1178.
Schaff D P,Richards P G.2004b.Lg-wave cross correlation and double-differencelocation:Applicationtothe1999Xiuy-an,China,sequence[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,94:867--879.
Schaff D P,Waldhauser F.2005.Waveformcross-correlation-based differential travel-ti me measurements at the NorthernCalifornia Seismic Network[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,95:2446--2461.
Snieder R,Hagerty M.2004.Monitoring change in volcanic interiors using coda wave interferometry:Application toArenal Volcano,Costa Rica[J].Geophys Res Lett,31:L09608,doi:10.1029/2004GL019670.
Vidale J E,Ellsworth WL,Cole A,Marone C.1994.Variationsin rupture process withrecurrenceinterval in a repeatedsmall earthquake[J].Nature,368:624--626.
Wiens D A,Snider N O.2001.Repeating deep earthquakes:Evidence for fault reactivation at great depth[J].Science,293:1463--1466.
Wester J,Riviere F,Crusem R,Plantet J L,Massinon B,Caristan Y.2000.GSETT-3:Evaluation of the detection andlocation capabilities of an experi mental global seismic monitoring system[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90:166--186.
②辽宁台网地震观测报告.辽宁省地震台网中心编制(1999年11月、12月,2000年1月、3月).
郭飙,刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成.2002.首都圈数字地震台网的微震定位实验[J].地震地质,24(3):453--460.
蒋长胜,吴忠良.2005.由“重复地震”给出的中国地震台网的定位精度估计[J].中国地震,21(2):147--154.
蒋长胜,吴忠良,李宇彤.2008.首都圈地区“重复地震事件”及其在区域地震台网定位精度评价中的应用[J].地球物理学报,51(3):817--827.
林建民,王宝善,葛洪魁,陈棋福,陈颙.2006.重复地震及其在人工探测中的潜在应用[J].中国地震,22(1):1--9.
孟玉梅,赵永,王斌.2001.中国地震观测台网地震速报定位偏差的分析[J].地震,21(3):65--69.
吴书贵,蒋秀琴.2003.数字遥测地震台网建设与运行[M].北京:地震出版社:29--34.
Bartal Y,Somer Z,Leonard G,Steinberg D M,Horin Y B.2000.Opti mal seismic networks in Israel in the context ofthe Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90:151--165.
Bath M.1974.Spectral Analysis in Geophysics[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company:87--94.
Doufexopoulou M,Korakitis R.1992.Resolution analysis of seismic networks[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,75:121--129.
Geller RJ,Mueller C S.1980.Four si milar earthquake in central California[J].Geophys Res Lett,10:821--824.
Grêt A,Snieder R.2005.Monitoring rapidtemporal changein a volcano with coda waveinterferometry[J].Geophys ResLett,32:L06304,doi:10.1029/2004GL021143.
Hough S E,Field E H.1996.On the coherence of ground motionin the San Fernad Valley[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,86:1724--1732.
Igarashi T,Matsuzawa T,Hasegawa T.2003.Repeating earthquakes and interpolate aseismic slip in the northeasternJapan subduction zone[J].J Geophys Res,108:2249,doi:10.1029/2002JB001920.
Isacks B L,Sykes L R,Oliver J.1967.Spatial andtemporal clustering of deep and shallowearthquakesinthe Fiji-Tonga-Kermadec region[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,57:935--958.
Lienert B R.1997.Assessment of earthquakelocation accuracy and confidence region esti mates using known nuclear tests[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,87:1150--1157.
Menke W,Lerner-Lam A L,Dobendorff B,Pachecoet J.1990.Polarization and coherence of5to30Hz seismic wavefields at a hard-rock site and their relevance to velocity heterogeneities in the crust[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,80:430--449.
Nakamura A,Hasegawa A,Hirata N,Iwasaki T,Hamaguchi H.2002.Temporal variations of seismic wave velocity as-sociated with1998M6.1Shizukuishi earthquake[J].Pure Appl Geophys,159:1183--1204.
Nadeau R M,Foxall W,McEvilly T V.1995.Clustering and periodic recurrence of microseismicities onthe San Andreasfault at Parkfield,California[J].Science,267:503--507.
Niu F,Silver P G,Nadeau R M,McEvilly T V.2003.Migration of seismic scatterers associated withthe1993Parkfieldaseismic transient event[J].Nature,426:544--548.
Pandolfi D,Bean CJ,Saccorott G.2006.Coda waveinterferometric detection of seismic velocity changes associated withthe1999M=3.6event at Mt.Vesuvius[J].J Geophys Res,33:L06306,doi:10.1029/2005GL025355.
Poupinet G,Ellsworth WL,Frchet J.1984.Monitoring velocity variations in the crust using earthquake doublets:anapplication to the Calaveras fault,California[J].J Geophys Res,89:5719--5731.
Rabinowitz N,Steinberg D M.1990.Opti mal configuration of a seismographic network:a statistical approach[J].BullSeismSoc Amer,80:187--196.
Richards P G,Waldhauser F,Schaff D,Ki m WY.2006.The applicability of modern methods of earthquakelocation[J].Pure Appl Geophys,163:351--372.
Rubin A M.2002.Using repeating earthquakes to correct high-precision earthquake catalogs for ti me-dependent stationdelays[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,92:1647--1659.
Schaff D P,Richards P G.2004a.Repeating seismic events in China[J].Science,303:1176--1178.
Schaff D P,Richards P G.2004b.Lg-wave cross correlation and double-differencelocation:Applicationtothe1999Xiuy-an,China,sequence[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,94:867--879.
Schaff D P,Waldhauser F.2005.Waveformcross-correlation-based differential travel-ti me measurements at the NorthernCalifornia Seismic Network[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,95:2446--2461.
Snieder R,Hagerty M.2004.Monitoring change in volcanic interiors using coda wave interferometry:Application toArenal Volcano,Costa Rica[J].Geophys Res Lett,31:L09608,doi:10.1029/2004GL019670.
Vidale J E,Ellsworth WL,Cole A,Marone C.1994.Variationsin rupture process withrecurrenceinterval in a repeatedsmall earthquake[J].Nature,368:624--626.
Wiens D A,Snider N O.2001.Repeating deep earthquakes:Evidence for fault reactivation at great depth[J].Science,293:1463--1466.
Wester J,Riviere F,Crusem R,Plantet J L,Massinon B,Caristan Y.2000.GSETT-3:Evaluation of the detection andlocation capabilities of an experi mental global seismic monitoring system[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90:166--186.
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