柴达木盆地七个泉组和第四系-新近系的分界
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摘要
柴达木盆地东南部三湖坳陷,已发现3个上新统-第四系七个泉组气源岩的气田。把三湖坳陷七个泉组底界当成第四系与新近系的分界是一个误解。基于测井、地震地层和磁性生物地层的研究,三湖坳陷七个泉组底的年龄为2.80M a,位于涩北新深1井1 747 m。柴达木盆地第四系与新近系分界,在许多论文中,有3种不同观点:①奥杜威末,1.67M a(1.80 M a),位于涩中6井710 m,即测井标准层K3以上19 m;②松山与高斯分界,2.48 M a(2.60 M a),位于涩深1井1 460 m,即K10以下37 m;③马默思末,3.05 M a,位于达参1井2 779 m。上述3个分界数据中无一与七个泉组底界对应。距今约1.80 M a的第四系与新近系分界定义已被国际地层委员会1998年投票通过,并于1999年经国际地科联批准。因此,依此定义来看,三湖坳陷大部分气源岩是晚新近纪-早第四纪的沉积,尤其是晚新近纪上新世。在柴达木盆地油气勘探开发研究中,作者建议最好使用地层单位名称七个泉组,而不用符号Q1+2。连接地震反射T0界面(测井标准层K13)和盆地边缘有局部不整合的七个泉组底界的对比,对于研究构造运动、成气和成藏是很有用的。作为七个泉组底界,地震反射界面T0的对比,在柴达木盆地三湖坳陷中央具有实用性、等时性和可操作性等特点。
Three gas fields sourced from Pliocene-Quaternary Qigequan Formation have been found in Sanhu depression in southeastern Qaidam basin.It is a misunderstanding to take the base of Qigequan Formation in Sanhu depression as the boundary of Quaternary and Neogene.Based on logging,seismic stratigraphic and magnetobiostratigraphic studies,the age of the base of Qigequan Formation in Sanhu depression is believed to be 2.80 Ma,it is at a depth of 1 747 m in Xinshen 1 well drilled in Sebei area.There are three different opinions on the Quaternary-Neogene boundary in Qaidam basin in literatures.①The end of Olduvai,1.67 Ma,((1.80 Ma);) it is at a depth of 710 m in Sezhong 6 well,i.e.19 m above the log-marker K_(3).②The boundary of Matsuyama and Gauss, 2.48 Ma(2.60 Ma);it is at a depth of 1 460 m deep in Seshen 1 well,i.e.37 m below the log-marker K_(10).③The end of Mammoth,3.05 Ma;it is 2 779 m deep in Dacan 1 well.None of the above three boundaries correlates with the base of Qigequan Formation.The definition of Quaternary-Neogene boundary,with an age of 1.80 Ma,has been adopted by the International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS) through voting in 1998,and accepted by the International Union of Geological Sciences(IUGS) in 1999.According to this definition,most of the gas source rocks in Sanhu depression were deposited during Late Neogene to Early Quaternary,especially in Pliocene.It is suggested in this paper that the stratigra-(phic) unit name of Qigequan Formation ra-(ther) than the symbol "Q_(1+2)" should be used in petroleum exploration and development research in Qaidam basin.Correlation of the seismic reflector T_(0)(log-marker K_(13)) and the base of Qigequan Formation with local unconformities at the edge of the basin is very useful for study of tectonic movement,gas generation and reservoiring. As the base of Qigequan Formation,the correlation of seismic reflector T_(0) is characterized by practicability,isochroneity and operability in central Sanhu depression in Qaidam basin.
Three gas fields sourced from Pliocene-Quaternary Qigequan Formation have been found in Sanhu depression in southeastern Qaidam basin.It is a misunderstanding to take the base of Qigequan Formation in Sanhu depression as the boundary of Quaternary and Neogene.Based on logging,seismic stratigraphic and magnetobiostratigraphic studies,the age of the base of Qigequan Formation in Sanhu depression is believed to be 2.80 Ma,it is at a depth of 1 747 m in Xinshen 1 well drilled in Sebei area.There are three different opinions on the Quaternary-Neogene boundary in Qaidam basin in literatures.①The end of Olduvai,1.67 Ma,((1.80 Ma);) it is at a depth of 710 m in Sezhong 6 well,i.e.19 m above the log-marker K_(3).②The boundary of Matsuyama and Gauss, 2.48 Ma(2.60 Ma);it is at a depth of 1 460 m deep in Seshen 1 well,i.e.37 m below the log-marker K_(10).③The end of Mammoth,3.05 Ma;it is 2 779 m deep in Dacan 1 well.None of the above three boundaries correlates with the base of Qigequan Formation.The definition of Quaternary-Neogene boundary,with an age of 1.80 Ma,has been adopted by the International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS) through voting in 1998,and accepted by the International Union of Geological Sciences(IUGS) in 1999.According to this definition,most of the gas source rocks in Sanhu depression were deposited during Late Neogene to Early Quaternary,especially in Pliocene.It is suggested in this paper that the stratigra-(phic) unit name of Qigequan Formation ra-(ther) than the symbol "Q_(1+2)" should be used in petroleum exploration and development research in Qaidam basin.Correlation of the seismic reflector T_(0)(log-marker K_(13)) and the base of Qigequan Formation with local unconformities at the edge of the basin is very useful for study of tectonic movement,gas generation and reservoiring. As the base of Qigequan Formation,the correlation of seismic reflector T_(0) is characterized by practicability,isochroneity and operability in central Sanhu depression in Qaidam basin.
引文
①孙殿卿,吴锡浩,浦庆余.关于中国第四纪冰川地质工作的几点意见.中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,1982,(2):1~10
①孙殿卿,吴锡浩,浦庆余.关于中国第四纪冰川地质工作的几点意见.中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,1982,(2):1~10
1汪品先.更新统下界的半世纪之争[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(2):178~181W ang P inxian.Lower boundary of P leistocene:debate over a halfcentury[J].Quaternary Science,2000,20(2):178-181
2 L iu T S,D ing M L.P leistocene stratigraphy and P lio-P leistoceneboundary in Ch ina[A].In:L iu T S,D ingM L,eds.Quaternarygeology and environm ent in Ch ina[M].Beijing:Ch ina OceanPress,1982.1-6
3刘东生.第四纪环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1997L iu Dongsheng.Quaternary environm ents[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1997
4刘东生,施雅风,王汝建,等.以气候变化为标志的中国第四系地层对比表[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(2):108~127L iu Dongsheng,Sh i Yafeng,W ang Ru jian,et al.Tab le of Ch i-nese Quaternary stratigraph ic correlation remarked w ith climatechange[J].Quaternary Science,2000,20(2):108-127
5丁仲礼,孙继敏,余志伟,等.黄土高原过去130 ka来古气候事件年表[J].科学通报,1998,43(6):567~574D ing Zhongli,Sun Jim in,Yu Zh iwei,et al.Paleoclimate eventschronology of Loess P lateau during the past 130,000 years[J].Ch inese Science Bu lletin,1998,43(6):567-574
6刘嘉麒,王文远.第四系地质定年与地质年表[J].第四纪研究,1997,17(3):193~202L iu Jiaq i,W angW enyuan.Quaternary geological dating and tim escale[J].Quaternary Science,1997,17(3):193-202
7刘嘉麒,刘强.中国第四纪地层[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(2):129~141L iu Jiaq i,L iu Q iang.Quaternary stratigraphy in Ch ina[J].Qua-ternary Science,2000,20(2):129-141
8闵隆瑞,迟振卿.对中国第四系中统划分方案的回顾与讨论[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(2):101~107M in Longru i,Ch i Zhenq ing.D iscussion on plans of d ivid ing Qua-ternary to series in Ch ina[J].Quaternary Science,2000,20(2):101-107
9张一勇,李建国.第三纪年代地层研究和中国第三纪年代地层表[J].地层学杂志,2000,24(2):120~124Zhang Y iyong,L i Jianguo.The Tertiary chronostratigraph ic re-searches and Tertiary chronostratigraph ic chart ofCh ina[J].Jour-nal of Stratigraphy,2000,24(2):120~124
10周晓丹,王伟铭.全球上新统-更新统界线层型剖面和点位介绍[J].地层学杂志,2002,26(2):156~159Zhou X iaodan,W ang W eim ing.An introduction to the globalP liocene-P leistocene boundary stratotype section and point[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2002,26(2):156-159
11杨藩.从介形类化石的分布试论柴达木盆地东部地区第四系的划分和对比[A].见:中国微体古生物学会,编.中国微体古生物学会第一次学术会议论文选集[C].北京:科学出版社,1981.45~539Yang Fan.Subd ivision and correlation of Quaternary strata ineastern Qaidam basin by using Ostracoda as palaeoclimatologicalind icator[A].In:M icropalaeontological Society of Ch ina,ed.Se-lected papers on the 1 st convention ofM icropalaeontological Socie-ty of Ch ina[C].Beijing:Science Press,1981.46-539
12杨藩,孙镇城,马志强,等.柴达木盆地第四系介形类化石带与磁性柱[J].微体古生物学报,1997,14(4):378~390Yang fan,Sun Zhencheng,Ma Zh iq iang,et al.Quaternary Ostra-coda zones and magnetostratigraph ic profile in the Qaidam basin[J].Acta M icropalaeontologica S in ica,1997.14(14):378-390
13金玉?,王向东,王?.国际地层表说明[J].地层学杂志,2000,24(增刊):321~329Jin Yuxuan,W ang X iangdong,W ang Yue.Explanatory note tothe international stratigraph ic chart[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2000,24(S0):321-329
14刘泽纯,孙世英,杨藩,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四纪地层学和其年代学分析[J].中国科学(B辑),1990,11:1 201~1 212L iu Zechun,Sun Sh iying,Yang Fan,et al.Quaternary stratigra-phy and its chronology analysis from Sanhu region ofQaidam basin[J].Science in Ch ina(Series B),1990,11:1 201-1 212
15刘泽纯,陈晔.柴达木盆地深钻孔岩心分析300万年来环境变化过程[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2000L iu Zechun,Chen Ye.Environm ent changes of Qaidam basinduring the last 300 Ma.B.P.based on analysis of deep wells’cores[M].Nan jing:Press ofNan jing NormalUn iversity,2000
16周翥虹,周瑞年,管志强.柴达木盆地东部三湖地区第四纪气藏类型及富集规律[A].见:戴金星,编.天然气地质研究论文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.41~48Zhou Zhuhong,Zhou Ru in ian,Guan Zh iq iang.Types and enrich-m ent regu larity of the Quaternary gas reservoirs in the south regionof EastQaidam basin,NorthwestCh ina[A].In:Dai Jinxing,ed.Collected papers on the geological stud ies of natural gases[C].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1989.41-48
17周慕林.中国地层(14)[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.1~20Zhou Mu lin.Stratigraphy of Ch ina(No 14)[M].Beijing:Geo-logical Pub lish ing House,1988.1-20
18沈振枢,程果,乐昌硕,等.柴达木盆地第四纪含盐地层划分及沉积环境[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.1~162Shen Zhenshu,Cheng Guo,Yue Changshuo,et al.The d ivisionand sed im entary environm ent of Quaternary salt-bearing strata inQaidam basin[M].Beijing:Geological Pub lish ingHouse,1993.1-162
19李传夔,吴文裕,邱铸鼎.中国陆相新第三系的初步划分与对比[J].古脊椎动物学报,1984,22(3):163~178L i Chuanku i,W u W enyu,Q iu Zhud ing.Ch inese Neogene:sub-d ivision and correlation[J].Vertebrata Palasiatica,1984,22(3):163-178
20孙镇城,党玉琪,乔子真,等.柴达木盆地第四系倾斜式气藏的形成机理[J].中国石油勘探,2003,8(4):41~44Sun Zhencheng,Dang Yuq i,Q iao Z izhen,et al.Form ing m echa-n ism of gas reservoirs w ith inclined gas-water interface of Quater-nary in Qaidam basin[J].Ch ina Petroleum Exploration,2003,8(4):41-44
21孙镇城,曹丽,张海泉,等.柴达木盆地全球末次冰期介形类动物群的演变[J].古地理学报,2003,5(3):365~376Sun Zhencheng,Cao L i,ZhangHaiquan,et al.Evolution in Os-tracoda in the great ice age of last glacial stage in Qaidam basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(3):365-376
22 Sun Zhencheng,Feng X iaojie,L i Dongm ing,et al.Cenozoic Ostra-coda and palaeoenvironm ents of the northeastern Tarim basin,western Ch ina[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeo-ecology,1999,148:37-50
23陈克造,Bow ler J M.柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖沉积特征及其古气候演化的初步研究[J].中国科学(B辑),1985,5:463~471Chen Kezao,Bow ler JM.Sed im entary feature of the Qarhan saltlake in Qaidam basin and primary study of its palaeoclimatic evo-lution[J].Science in Ch ina(Series B),1985,5:463-472
24朱允铸,钟坚华,吴必豪,等.阿尔金山上升史与塔里木、柴达木成盐关系初探[J].石油与天然气地质,1990,11(2):136~143Zhu Yunzhu,Zhong Jianhua,W u B ihao,et al.Prelim inary ap-proach to relationsh ip between uplifting h istory ofA ltun Mountainsand salt-form ing cond ition in Tarim and Qaidam basins[J].O il&Gas Geology,1990,11(2):136-143
①孙殿卿,吴锡浩,浦庆余.关于中国第四纪冰川地质工作的几点意见.中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,1982,(2):1~10
1汪品先.更新统下界的半世纪之争[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(2):178~181W ang P inxian.Lower boundary of P leistocene:debate over a halfcentury[J].Quaternary Science,2000,20(2):178-181
2 L iu T S,D ing M L.P leistocene stratigraphy and P lio-P leistoceneboundary in Ch ina[A].In:L iu T S,D ingM L,eds.Quaternarygeology and environm ent in Ch ina[M].Beijing:Ch ina OceanPress,1982.1-6
3刘东生.第四纪环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1997L iu Dongsheng.Quaternary environm ents[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1997
4刘东生,施雅风,王汝建,等.以气候变化为标志的中国第四系地层对比表[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(2):108~127L iu Dongsheng,Sh i Yafeng,W ang Ru jian,et al.Tab le of Ch i-nese Quaternary stratigraph ic correlation remarked w ith climatechange[J].Quaternary Science,2000,20(2):108-127
5丁仲礼,孙继敏,余志伟,等.黄土高原过去130 ka来古气候事件年表[J].科学通报,1998,43(6):567~574D ing Zhongli,Sun Jim in,Yu Zh iwei,et al.Paleoclimate eventschronology of Loess P lateau during the past 130,000 years[J].Ch inese Science Bu lletin,1998,43(6):567-574
6刘嘉麒,王文远.第四系地质定年与地质年表[J].第四纪研究,1997,17(3):193~202L iu Jiaq i,W angW enyuan.Quaternary geological dating and tim escale[J].Quaternary Science,1997,17(3):193-202
7刘嘉麒,刘强.中国第四纪地层[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(2):129~141L iu Jiaq i,L iu Q iang.Quaternary stratigraphy in Ch ina[J].Qua-ternary Science,2000,20(2):129-141
8闵隆瑞,迟振卿.对中国第四系中统划分方案的回顾与讨论[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(2):101~107M in Longru i,Ch i Zhenq ing.D iscussion on plans of d ivid ing Qua-ternary to series in Ch ina[J].Quaternary Science,2000,20(2):101-107
9张一勇,李建国.第三纪年代地层研究和中国第三纪年代地层表[J].地层学杂志,2000,24(2):120~124Zhang Y iyong,L i Jianguo.The Tertiary chronostratigraph ic re-searches and Tertiary chronostratigraph ic chart ofCh ina[J].Jour-nal of Stratigraphy,2000,24(2):120~124
10周晓丹,王伟铭.全球上新统-更新统界线层型剖面和点位介绍[J].地层学杂志,2002,26(2):156~159Zhou X iaodan,W ang W eim ing.An introduction to the globalP liocene-P leistocene boundary stratotype section and point[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2002,26(2):156-159
11杨藩.从介形类化石的分布试论柴达木盆地东部地区第四系的划分和对比[A].见:中国微体古生物学会,编.中国微体古生物学会第一次学术会议论文选集[C].北京:科学出版社,1981.45~539Yang Fan.Subd ivision and correlation of Quaternary strata ineastern Qaidam basin by using Ostracoda as palaeoclimatologicalind icator[A].In:M icropalaeontological Society of Ch ina,ed.Se-lected papers on the 1 st convention ofM icropalaeontological Socie-ty of Ch ina[C].Beijing:Science Press,1981.46-539
12杨藩,孙镇城,马志强,等.柴达木盆地第四系介形类化石带与磁性柱[J].微体古生物学报,1997,14(4):378~390Yang fan,Sun Zhencheng,Ma Zh iq iang,et al.Quaternary Ostra-coda zones and magnetostratigraph ic profile in the Qaidam basin[J].Acta M icropalaeontologica S in ica,1997.14(14):378-390
13金玉?,王向东,王?.国际地层表说明[J].地层学杂志,2000,24(增刊):321~329Jin Yuxuan,W ang X iangdong,W ang Yue.Explanatory note tothe international stratigraph ic chart[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2000,24(S0):321-329
14刘泽纯,孙世英,杨藩,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四纪地层学和其年代学分析[J].中国科学(B辑),1990,11:1 201~1 212L iu Zechun,Sun Sh iying,Yang Fan,et al.Quaternary stratigra-phy and its chronology analysis from Sanhu region ofQaidam basin[J].Science in Ch ina(Series B),1990,11:1 201-1 212
15刘泽纯,陈晔.柴达木盆地深钻孔岩心分析300万年来环境变化过程[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2000L iu Zechun,Chen Ye.Environm ent changes of Qaidam basinduring the last 300 Ma.B.P.based on analysis of deep wells’cores[M].Nan jing:Press ofNan jing NormalUn iversity,2000
16周翥虹,周瑞年,管志强.柴达木盆地东部三湖地区第四纪气藏类型及富集规律[A].见:戴金星,编.天然气地质研究论文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.41~48Zhou Zhuhong,Zhou Ru in ian,Guan Zh iq iang.Types and enrich-m ent regu larity of the Quaternary gas reservoirs in the south regionof EastQaidam basin,NorthwestCh ina[A].In:Dai Jinxing,ed.Collected papers on the geological stud ies of natural gases[C].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1989.41-48
17周慕林.中国地层(14)[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.1~20Zhou Mu lin.Stratigraphy of Ch ina(No 14)[M].Beijing:Geo-logical Pub lish ing House,1988.1-20
18沈振枢,程果,乐昌硕,等.柴达木盆地第四纪含盐地层划分及沉积环境[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.1~162Shen Zhenshu,Cheng Guo,Yue Changshuo,et al.The d ivisionand sed im entary environm ent of Quaternary salt-bearing strata inQaidam basin[M].Beijing:Geological Pub lish ingHouse,1993.1-162
19李传夔,吴文裕,邱铸鼎.中国陆相新第三系的初步划分与对比[J].古脊椎动物学报,1984,22(3):163~178L i Chuanku i,W u W enyu,Q iu Zhud ing.Ch inese Neogene:sub-d ivision and correlation[J].Vertebrata Palasiatica,1984,22(3):163-178
20孙镇城,党玉琪,乔子真,等.柴达木盆地第四系倾斜式气藏的形成机理[J].中国石油勘探,2003,8(4):41~44Sun Zhencheng,Dang Yuq i,Q iao Z izhen,et al.Form ing m echa-n ism of gas reservoirs w ith inclined gas-water interface of Quater-nary in Qaidam basin[J].Ch ina Petroleum Exploration,2003,8(4):41-44
21孙镇城,曹丽,张海泉,等.柴达木盆地全球末次冰期介形类动物群的演变[J].古地理学报,2003,5(3):365~376Sun Zhencheng,Cao L i,ZhangHaiquan,et al.Evolution in Os-tracoda in the great ice age of last glacial stage in Qaidam basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(3):365-376
22 Sun Zhencheng,Feng X iaojie,L i Dongm ing,et al.Cenozoic Ostra-coda and palaeoenvironm ents of the northeastern Tarim basin,western Ch ina[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeo-ecology,1999,148:37-50
23陈克造,Bow ler J M.柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖沉积特征及其古气候演化的初步研究[J].中国科学(B辑),1985,5:463~471Chen Kezao,Bow ler JM.Sed im entary feature of the Qarhan saltlake in Qaidam basin and primary study of its palaeoclimatic evo-lution[J].Science in Ch ina(Series B),1985,5:463-472
24朱允铸,钟坚华,吴必豪,等.阿尔金山上升史与塔里木、柴达木成盐关系初探[J].石油与天然气地质,1990,11(2):136~143Zhu Yunzhu,Zhong Jianhua,W u B ihao,et al.Prelim inary ap-proach to relationsh ip between uplifting h istory ofA ltun Mountainsand salt-form ing cond ition in Tarim and Qaidam basins[J].O il&Gas Geology,1990,11(2):136-143
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