三维叠后投影时间偏移——兼与牟永光商榷偏移孔径问题
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摘要
地震偏移成像是地震资料处理的重要组成部分。笔者和同事从 1994年开始一直致力于投影偏移成像的研究。应用层析成像理论研究了包括三维和二维叠后及叠前投影偏移 (时间域和深度域 )等八种方法。本文主要介绍三维叠后投影偏移的原理及其实现方法。以傅里叶投影定理为基础 ,对三维数据体沿时间轴做水平时间切片 ,并在其上做 Radon投影 ,形成一系列径向线二维剖面 ,尔后进行 Radon插值和反投影 ,完成三维偏移。此法与一步法偏移相比 ,剖面整体的信噪比有所提高 ,局部地段的同相轴连续性和成像清晰度有较为明显的改善。在本文中还讨论了偏移孔径问题。基于层析原理对三维数体做完全观测角投影的偏移方法和基于双平方根算子炮点—偏移距域的叠前偏移等方法都不存在选择偏移孔径的问题。那种认为“一切偏移方法都必需考虑偏移孔径的影响”的观点是不正确的 ,对今后偏移方法的发展也是不利的
Seismic migration imaging is an important component to seismic data processing. The author and his colleagues have devoted to study project migration imaging since 1994,which includes 3-D (2-D) pre-stack (post-stack) depth (time) domain project migration etc.In this paper we mainly describe the principle and implementation method for post-stack 3-D project time migration. The proposed method is on the basis of famous Fourier projection theorem. After processing of 3-D seismic data volume by making horizontal time slice along time axis and Radon projection,we obtained a series of 2-D radial sections. Using Radon interpolation and then reverse projection for these sections, the purpose of 3-D migration finally can be achieved. Compared with one-pass migration method,the project migration showed a result having improvement in ration of signal to noise for all sections,obviously improving the continuity of events and the accuracy of imaging in local area. This paper also discused about the migration aperture in seismic data processing.The application of some methods,such as project migration method with complete observation angle based on tomography theory and pre-stack migration method with double-square-root operator in source-offset domain,needs not select migration aperture. Author points out that such point of view as "there is necessary to consider the effect of migration aperture in all migration method." is not correct,and moreover, this opinion is not of benefit to developing of migration method in the future.
Seismic migration imaging is an important component to seismic data processing. The author and his colleagues have devoted to study project migration imaging since 1994,which includes 3-D (2-D) pre-stack (post-stack) depth (time) domain project migration etc.In this paper we mainly describe the principle and implementation method for post-stack 3-D project time migration. The proposed method is on the basis of famous Fourier projection theorem. After processing of 3-D seismic data volume by making horizontal time slice along time axis and Radon projection,we obtained a series of 2-D radial sections. Using Radon interpolation and then reverse projection for these sections, the purpose of 3-D migration finally can be achieved. Compared with one-pass migration method,the project migration showed a result having improvement in ration of signal to noise for all sections,obviously improving the continuity of events and the accuracy of imaging in local area. This paper also discused about the migration aperture in seismic data processing.The application of some methods,such as project migration method with complete observation angle based on tomography theory and pre-stack migration method with double-square-root operator in source-offset domain,needs not select migration aperture. Author points out that such point of view as "there is necessary to consider the effect of migration aperture in all migration method." is not correct,and moreover, this opinion is not of benefit to developing of migration method in the future.
引文
[1] RistowD andRuhlT.Fourier finite- difference mi-gration.Geophysics,1994,59(6):1882～1893
[2] StoffaP L et al.Split- stepFourier m igration.Geo-physics,1990,55(2):410～421
[3] GazdagJandSguazzeroP.Migration of seismic databy phase shift plus interpolation.Geophysics,1984,49(1):124～231
[4] WuR-S.Synthetic seism ogram s in heterogeneousmedia by one- return approximation.Pure andAp-pliedGeophys,1996,148,155～173
[5] BiondiB,PalacharlaG.3-D prestack depth m igrationof commaon- azimuth datd.Presented at65 thSEGMtg,1995,1197～1200
[6] PanN et al.Efficient3-D filtering using projected2-D true- dip sections.Presented at62 ndSEG Mtg,1992,1042～1045
[7] WuL andXuJ.3-D migration byRadon projection.Presented at66 thSEG Mtg,1996,1111～1114
[8] 徐基祥,吴律.双τ- p变换二维叠前偏移.石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(6):755～770
[9] HuagXinwu,WuL u.Radon projection3-D pre- stacktime m igration for vertical inhom ogeneous media.Presented72 ndSEG Mtg,2002,1372～1375
[10] 黄新武,吴律,宋炜.拉东投影法三维叠前时间偏移.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):387～391
[11] HuagXinwu,WuL u.3D PrestackRadon projectiondepth migration:A case history.Presented at73rdSEG Mtg,2003
[12] 吴律.层析基础及其在井间地震中的应用.北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[13] 徐基祥.拉东理论在地震波成像中的应用.石油大学博士论文,1997
[14] 黄新武.广义拉东变换在地震波成像中的应用.石油大学博士论文,1999
[15] BerkhoutA J著,马在田,张叙伦译.地震偏移——波场外推声波成像.北京:石油工业出版社,1983
[16] 马在田.地震成像技术有限差分偏移.北京:石油工业出版社,1989
[17] ZaitianMa et al.Quantitative estim ation of imagingresolution.Presented at72 ndSEG Mtg,2002
[18] ClaerboutJ F著,许云译.地震成像理论及方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1991
[19] 王华忠,程玖兵,马在田.炮点—全偏移距共方位角道集3D叠前深度偏移.CPS/SEG北京2004国际地球物理会议论文集(详细摘要),2004,325～328
[2] StoffaP L et al.Split- stepFourier m igration.Geo-physics,1990,55(2):410～421
[3] GazdagJandSguazzeroP.Migration of seismic databy phase shift plus interpolation.Geophysics,1984,49(1):124～231
[4] WuR-S.Synthetic seism ogram s in heterogeneousmedia by one- return approximation.Pure andAp-pliedGeophys,1996,148,155～173
[5] BiondiB,PalacharlaG.3-D prestack depth m igrationof commaon- azimuth datd.Presented at65 thSEGMtg,1995,1197～1200
[6] PanN et al.Efficient3-D filtering using projected2-D true- dip sections.Presented at62 ndSEG Mtg,1992,1042～1045
[7] WuL andXuJ.3-D migration byRadon projection.Presented at66 thSEG Mtg,1996,1111～1114
[8] 徐基祥,吴律.双τ- p变换二维叠前偏移.石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(6):755～770
[9] HuagXinwu,WuL u.Radon projection3-D pre- stacktime m igration for vertical inhom ogeneous media.Presented72 ndSEG Mtg,2002,1372～1375
[10] 黄新武,吴律,宋炜.拉东投影法三维叠前时间偏移.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):387～391
[11] HuagXinwu,WuL u.3D PrestackRadon projectiondepth migration:A case history.Presented at73rdSEG Mtg,2003
[12] 吴律.层析基础及其在井间地震中的应用.北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[13] 徐基祥.拉东理论在地震波成像中的应用.石油大学博士论文,1997
[14] 黄新武.广义拉东变换在地震波成像中的应用.石油大学博士论文,1999
[15] BerkhoutA J著,马在田,张叙伦译.地震偏移——波场外推声波成像.北京:石油工业出版社,1983
[16] 马在田.地震成像技术有限差分偏移.北京:石油工业出版社,1989
[17] ZaitianMa et al.Quantitative estim ation of imagingresolution.Presented at72 ndSEG Mtg,2002
[18] ClaerboutJ F著,许云译.地震成像理论及方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1991
[19] 王华忠,程玖兵,马在田.炮点—全偏移距共方位角道集3D叠前深度偏移.CPS/SEG北京2004国际地球物理会议论文集(详细摘要),2004,325～328
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