四川大渡河谷灯影期层状铅锌矿床中震积岩的发现及其成矿意义
摘要
在四川大渡河谷震旦纪灯影期热水沉积大型层状铅锌矿床中,作者发现了较典型的震积岩序,包括震裂角砾岩、震塌角砾岩(矿)、震褶岩(矿)、震积角砾岩(矿)、震积不整合、层内断层等震积岩及震积构造,估计震裂岩的分布面积达1000km2以上.震积岩与热水沉积黑色硅岩及铅锌矿层呈同期、同位产出,它们之间存在内在的成因联系.作者经研究认为,大渡河谷地区在晚震旦世末期曾发生一次强烈的海底地震及多幕相对较弱的余震,海底地震可能是诱发深部含矿流体向汉源-峨眉北东东向同沉积凹陷轴部的断裂带汇集、运移并喷溢出海底形成大规模层状铅锌矿床的动力学机制.铅锌矿床中震积岩的发现具有重要的意义,为研究地震灾变事件与有色金属成矿作用的关系提供了重要实例.
引文
1Heezen B C,Ewing M.Turbidity currents and submarine slumps and1929Grand bank earthquake.Am J Sci,1952,250:849—873
2Heezen B C,Dyke C L.Grand bank slumps.Bull Am Ass Petrol.Geol,1964,48:221—225
3Seilacher A.Fault-grated beds interpreted as seismites.Sedimen-tology,1969,13:155—159
4Kastens K M,Cita M B.Tsunami-induced sediment transports in the abyssal plain Mediterranean Sea.Geo Soc Am Bull(Part I),1981,92:845—847
5Seilacher A.Sedimentary Structures tentatively attributed to seis-mic events.Mar Geol,1984,55:1—12
6Mutti E,Ricci Lucchi F,Seguret M,et al.Seismoturbidites:a new group of resedimented deposits.Mar Geol,1984,55:103—116
7Spalletta C,Vai G B.Upper Devonian intraclast parabreecias in-terpreted as seismites.Mar Geol,1984,55:133—144
8Anand A,Jain A K.Earthquakes and deformational structures(seismites)in Holocene sediments from the Himalayan-Andaman Arc,India.Tectonophysics,1987,133(1-2):105—120
9Plaziat J C,Purser B,Philobbos E.Diversity of neogene seismites of the northwest Red Sea(Egypt):a characteristic sedimentary expression of rifting.Tectonophysics,1988,153(1-4):295
10Vittori E,Labini S S,Serva L.Palaeoseismology:review of the state-of-the-art.Tectonophysics,1991,193(1-3):9—32
11Mohindra R,Bagati T N.Seismically induced soft-sediment de-formation structures(seismites)around Sumdo in the lower Spiti valley(Tethys Himalaya).Sedimentary Geology,1996,101(1-2):69—83
12Bhattacharya H N,Bandyopadhyay S.Seismites in a Proterozoic tidal succession,Singhbhum,Bihar,India.Sedimentary Geology,1998,119(3-4):239—252
13Shiki T,Cita M B,Gorsline D S.Sedimentary features of seis-mites,seismoturbidites and tsunamites—an introduction.Sedi-mentary Geology,2000,135(1-4):vii—ix
14Takashimizu Y,Masuda F.Depositional facies and sedimentary successions of earthquake-induced tsunami deposits in Upper Pleistocene incised valley fills,central Japan.Sedimentary Geol-ogy,2000,135(1-4):231—239
15Moretti M.Soft-sediment deformation structures interpreted as seismites in middle-late Pleistocene aeolian deposits(Apulian foreland,southern Italy).Sedimentary Geology,2000,135(1-4):167—179
16Schumacher G A,Potter P E,Gerdsen A W.Anomalous Upper Ordovician debris flows of Ohio and Kentucky;are they seismites?Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America.2002,34(2):102
17McLaughlin P I,Brett C E.Eustatic and tectonic control on the distribution of marine seismites:examples from the Upper Ordo-vician of Kentucky,USA.Sedimentary Geology,2004,168(3-4):165—192
18Bowman D,Korjenkov A,Porat N.Late-Pleistocene seismites from Lake Issyk-Kul,the Tien Shan range,Kyrghyzstan.Sedi-mentary Geology,2004,163(3-4):211—228
19宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震海啸序列.科学通报,1988,33(8):609—611
20梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏,等.正在萌牙段的震积地层学.高校地质学报,1997,3(4):458—461
21乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列.地质学报,1994,68(1):16—34
22乔秀夫,李海兵,高林志.华北地台震旦纪-早古生代地震节律.地学前缘,1997,4(3-4):155—160
23Fairchild I J,Einsele G,Song T.Possible seismic origin of molar tooth structures in Neoproterozoic carbonate ramp deposits,north China.Sedimentology,1997,44:611—636
24郭胜哲,张立东,张长捷,等.辽宁太子河流域晚元古宙青白口系震积岩的发现及其意义.中国区域地质,1999,18(1):106—109
25乔秀夫,高林志.华北中新元古代及早古生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系.科学通报,1999,44(16):1753—1758
26乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,等.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2001,31(11):911—918
27刘鹏举.河北平泉中元古代高于庄组震积岩及地震节律.现代地质,2001,15(3):266—269
28郭力宇,甘枝茂,张国伟,等.陕西洛南陶湾砾岩地震机理新认识.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(4):497—503
29乔秀夫.中朝板块元古宙板内地震带与盆地格局.地学前缘,2002,9(3):141—149
30贾志海,洪天求,郑文武,等.皖北新元古代望山组震积岩的基本特征及其形成环境分析.地层学杂志,2003,27(2):146—158
31陈世悦,袁文芳,鄢继华.济阳坳陷早第三纪震积岩的发现及其意义.地质科学,2003,38(3):377—384
32袁静.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义.沉积学报,2004,22(1):41—46
33杜远生,张传恒,韩欣,等.滇中中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2001,31(4):283—289
34郭建华,王方平,刘贵,等.湘西大庸上震旦统灯影组震裂角砾岩.石油实验地质,1999,21(3):219—224
35梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.试论震积岩及震积不整合—以川西、滇西地区为例.现代地质,1991,5(2):138—147
36梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏.再论震积岩及震积不整合—以川西、滇西地区为例.中国地质大学学报,1994,19(6):845—851
37吴贤涛,尹国勋.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义.沉积学报,1992,10(3):19—25
38孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.大陆边缘震积岩序列—以金沙江中段震积岩为例.现代地质,1995,9(3):271—278
39冯先岳.地震振动液化变形的研究.内陆地震,1989,3(4):209—307
40Moretti M,Alfaro P,Caselles O,et al.Modelling seismites with a digital shaking table.Tectonophysics,1999,304(4):369—383
41林方成.扬子地台西缘大渡河谷超大型层状铅锌矿床地质地球化学特征及成因.地质学报,2005,70(4):540—556
42林方成.四川汉源黑区-雪区层状铅锌矿床典型矿石组构与成因.矿床地质,2005,24(2):122—133
43陈智梁,陈世瑜.扬子地块西缘地质构造演化.重庆:重庆出版社,1987.50—57
44王汝植,徐星琪,赵裕亭,等.西昌-滇中地区沉积盖层及其地史演化.重庆:重庆出版社,1988.15—23
45杨应选,柯成熙,林方成,等.康滇地轴东缘铅锌矿床成因及成矿规律.成都:四川科技出版社,1994.1—175
46Leroy S,Kazanci N,Ileri O,et al.Abrupt environmental changes within a late Holocene lacustrine sequence south of the Marmara Sea(Lake Manyas,N-W Turkey):possible links with seismic events.Mar Geol,2002,190(1-2):531—552
47Ettensohn F R,Rast N,Kulp M A.Interpreting ancient marine seismites;evidence from the Middle-Late Ordovician Lexington Limestone,central Kentucky.Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America.2001,33(2):60
48Greb S F,Ettensohn F R,Obermeier S F.Developing a classifica-tion scheme for seismites.Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America.2002,34(2):102
49李复汉,覃嘉铭,申玉连,等.康滇地区的前震旦系.重庆:重庆出版社,1988.370—375
50杨海生,周永章,杨志军,等.华南热水成因硅质岩建造的稀土元素地球化学特征.矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003,22(1):61—64
51薛耀松,曹瑞骥,唐天福,等.扬子区震旦纪地层序列和南、北方震旦系对比.地层学杂志,2001,25(3):207—234
52林方成.论扬子地台西缘层状铅锌矿床热水沉积成矿作用.成都理工大学博士论文,2005.93—94
2Heezen B C,Dyke C L.Grand bank slumps.Bull Am Ass Petrol.Geol,1964,48:221—225
3Seilacher A.Fault-grated beds interpreted as seismites.Sedimen-tology,1969,13:155—159
4Kastens K M,Cita M B.Tsunami-induced sediment transports in the abyssal plain Mediterranean Sea.Geo Soc Am Bull(Part I),1981,92:845—847
5Seilacher A.Sedimentary Structures tentatively attributed to seis-mic events.Mar Geol,1984,55:1—12
6Mutti E,Ricci Lucchi F,Seguret M,et al.Seismoturbidites:a new group of resedimented deposits.Mar Geol,1984,55:103—116
7Spalletta C,Vai G B.Upper Devonian intraclast parabreecias in-terpreted as seismites.Mar Geol,1984,55:133—144
8Anand A,Jain A K.Earthquakes and deformational structures(seismites)in Holocene sediments from the Himalayan-Andaman Arc,India.Tectonophysics,1987,133(1-2):105—120
9Plaziat J C,Purser B,Philobbos E.Diversity of neogene seismites of the northwest Red Sea(Egypt):a characteristic sedimentary expression of rifting.Tectonophysics,1988,153(1-4):295
10Vittori E,Labini S S,Serva L.Palaeoseismology:review of the state-of-the-art.Tectonophysics,1991,193(1-3):9—32
11Mohindra R,Bagati T N.Seismically induced soft-sediment de-formation structures(seismites)around Sumdo in the lower Spiti valley(Tethys Himalaya).Sedimentary Geology,1996,101(1-2):69—83
12Bhattacharya H N,Bandyopadhyay S.Seismites in a Proterozoic tidal succession,Singhbhum,Bihar,India.Sedimentary Geology,1998,119(3-4):239—252
13Shiki T,Cita M B,Gorsline D S.Sedimentary features of seis-mites,seismoturbidites and tsunamites—an introduction.Sedi-mentary Geology,2000,135(1-4):vii—ix
14Takashimizu Y,Masuda F.Depositional facies and sedimentary successions of earthquake-induced tsunami deposits in Upper Pleistocene incised valley fills,central Japan.Sedimentary Geol-ogy,2000,135(1-4):231—239
15Moretti M.Soft-sediment deformation structures interpreted as seismites in middle-late Pleistocene aeolian deposits(Apulian foreland,southern Italy).Sedimentary Geology,2000,135(1-4):167—179
16Schumacher G A,Potter P E,Gerdsen A W.Anomalous Upper Ordovician debris flows of Ohio and Kentucky;are they seismites?Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America.2002,34(2):102
17McLaughlin P I,Brett C E.Eustatic and tectonic control on the distribution of marine seismites:examples from the Upper Ordo-vician of Kentucky,USA.Sedimentary Geology,2004,168(3-4):165—192
18Bowman D,Korjenkov A,Porat N.Late-Pleistocene seismites from Lake Issyk-Kul,the Tien Shan range,Kyrghyzstan.Sedi-mentary Geology,2004,163(3-4):211—228
19宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震海啸序列.科学通报,1988,33(8):609—611
20梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏,等.正在萌牙段的震积地层学.高校地质学报,1997,3(4):458—461
21乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列.地质学报,1994,68(1):16—34
22乔秀夫,李海兵,高林志.华北地台震旦纪-早古生代地震节律.地学前缘,1997,4(3-4):155—160
23Fairchild I J,Einsele G,Song T.Possible seismic origin of molar tooth structures in Neoproterozoic carbonate ramp deposits,north China.Sedimentology,1997,44:611—636
24郭胜哲,张立东,张长捷,等.辽宁太子河流域晚元古宙青白口系震积岩的发现及其意义.中国区域地质,1999,18(1):106—109
25乔秀夫,高林志.华北中新元古代及早古生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系.科学通报,1999,44(16):1753—1758
26乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,等.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2001,31(11):911—918
27刘鹏举.河北平泉中元古代高于庄组震积岩及地震节律.现代地质,2001,15(3):266—269
28郭力宇,甘枝茂,张国伟,等.陕西洛南陶湾砾岩地震机理新认识.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(4):497—503
29乔秀夫.中朝板块元古宙板内地震带与盆地格局.地学前缘,2002,9(3):141—149
30贾志海,洪天求,郑文武,等.皖北新元古代望山组震积岩的基本特征及其形成环境分析.地层学杂志,2003,27(2):146—158
31陈世悦,袁文芳,鄢继华.济阳坳陷早第三纪震积岩的发现及其意义.地质科学,2003,38(3):377—384
32袁静.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义.沉积学报,2004,22(1):41—46
33杜远生,张传恒,韩欣,等.滇中中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2001,31(4):283—289
34郭建华,王方平,刘贵,等.湘西大庸上震旦统灯影组震裂角砾岩.石油实验地质,1999,21(3):219—224
35梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.试论震积岩及震积不整合—以川西、滇西地区为例.现代地质,1991,5(2):138—147
36梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏.再论震积岩及震积不整合—以川西、滇西地区为例.中国地质大学学报,1994,19(6):845—851
37吴贤涛,尹国勋.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义.沉积学报,1992,10(3):19—25
38孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.大陆边缘震积岩序列—以金沙江中段震积岩为例.现代地质,1995,9(3):271—278
39冯先岳.地震振动液化变形的研究.内陆地震,1989,3(4):209—307
40Moretti M,Alfaro P,Caselles O,et al.Modelling seismites with a digital shaking table.Tectonophysics,1999,304(4):369—383
41林方成.扬子地台西缘大渡河谷超大型层状铅锌矿床地质地球化学特征及成因.地质学报,2005,70(4):540—556
42林方成.四川汉源黑区-雪区层状铅锌矿床典型矿石组构与成因.矿床地质,2005,24(2):122—133
43陈智梁,陈世瑜.扬子地块西缘地质构造演化.重庆:重庆出版社,1987.50—57
44王汝植,徐星琪,赵裕亭,等.西昌-滇中地区沉积盖层及其地史演化.重庆:重庆出版社,1988.15—23
45杨应选,柯成熙,林方成,等.康滇地轴东缘铅锌矿床成因及成矿规律.成都:四川科技出版社,1994.1—175
46Leroy S,Kazanci N,Ileri O,et al.Abrupt environmental changes within a late Holocene lacustrine sequence south of the Marmara Sea(Lake Manyas,N-W Turkey):possible links with seismic events.Mar Geol,2002,190(1-2):531—552
47Ettensohn F R,Rast N,Kulp M A.Interpreting ancient marine seismites;evidence from the Middle-Late Ordovician Lexington Limestone,central Kentucky.Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America.2001,33(2):60
48Greb S F,Ettensohn F R,Obermeier S F.Developing a classifica-tion scheme for seismites.Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America.2002,34(2):102
49李复汉,覃嘉铭,申玉连,等.康滇地区的前震旦系.重庆:重庆出版社,1988.370—375
50杨海生,周永章,杨志军,等.华南热水成因硅质岩建造的稀土元素地球化学特征.矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003,22(1):61—64
51薛耀松,曹瑞骥,唐天福,等.扬子区震旦纪地层序列和南、北方震旦系对比.地层学杂志,2001,25(3):207—234
52林方成.论扬子地台西缘层状铅锌矿床热水沉积成矿作用.成都理工大学博士论文,2005.93—94
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