东昆仑活动断裂带及其强震活动
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摘要
本文在简述东昆仑活动断裂带的构造背景与演化历史的基础上,重点叙述了该活动断裂带的展布、几何结构、第四纪运动和强震活动等特征。指出,这是一条具有长期演化历史、深部构造背景和第四纪乃至全新世强烈活动的断裂带,因而在我国大地构造演化,尤其在青藏高原隆起形成过程中,占有重要地位。同时,它还是我国西部地区一条主要的强震活动构造带,根据现代强震活动记录和在全带新发现的多期全新世古地震及其地表破裂带,分析了大震在断裂带上的空间、时间分布规律。最后,对1937年花石峡7(1/2)级地震的宏观震中位置和所造成的地表破裂带展布、规模等进行了讨论。
Eastern Kunlun active fault zone is one of important large fault in the northern Tibet plateau. The fault zone consists of six secondary faults and shows a pattern of left-steping plume structure. Among secondary faults, it forms three pull-apart basins the Xiugou basin, the Alaghu lake basin and the Tuosuohu lake basin. Eastern Kunlun fault zone has showed intence left-lateral strike-slip movement since mid-Pleistocene. From late-Pleistocene, its average slip-rate is 6-7mm/a, western segment is 12-14mm/a, and it is smaller towards east. Many paleoearthquakes occurred along the fault zone in Holocene, and it formed a series of surface ruptures preserved well. Calculated recurrence interval of large earthquakes is 2000 years. Field studies indicate that the 1937 Huashixia
earthquake M71/2 formed a surface rupture which length was 180km, most level displace-
ment was 7m, and the macroscopic epicenter located at eastern coast of the Tuosuohu lake.
Eastern Kunlun active fault zone is one of important large fault in the northern Tibet plateau. The fault zone consists of six secondary faults and shows a pattern of left-steping plume structure. Among secondary faults, it forms three pull-apart basins the Xiugou basin, the Alaghu lake basin and the Tuosuohu lake basin. Eastern Kunlun fault zone has showed intence left-lateral strike-slip movement since mid-Pleistocene. From late-Pleistocene, its average slip-rate is 6-7mm/a, western segment is 12-14mm/a, and it is smaller towards east. Many paleoearthquakes occurred along the fault zone in Holocene, and it formed a series of surface ruptures preserved well. Calculated recurrence interval of large earthquakes is 2000 years. Field studies indicate that the 1937 Huashixia
earthquake M71/2 formed a surface rupture which length was 180km, most level displace-
ment was 7m, and the macroscopic epicenter located at eastern coast of the Tuosuohu lake.
引文
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丁国瑜、卢演俦,1986,对我国现代板内运动状况的初步探讨,科学通报,No.18,1412-1212。
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顾功叙主编,1983,中国地震目录,304,科学出版社,北京。
黄汲清、任纪舜,1980,中国大地构造及其演化,88,科学出版社,北京。
姜春发等,1992,昆仑开合构造,地质出版社,北京。
李春昱,1980,中国板块构造轮廓,中国地质科学院院报,No.1,地质出版社,北京。
李春昱、王荃、刘雪亚、汤耀庆,1982,亚洲大地构造图说明书,地图出版社,北京。
李龙海、贾运鸿,1981,一九三六年青海托索湖7． 5级地震形变带特征,西北地震学报,Vol.3,No.3,61-65。
刘光勋、肖振敏、谢新生、凃德隆、曾秋生、邬树学、张瑞斌、王焕贞,1996,1937年花石峡7(1/2) 级地震地表破裂带及有关问题,活动断裂研究(5) ,地震出版社,北京。
刘训、傅德荣、姚培毅、刘桂芳、王乃文,1992,青藏高原不同地体的地层、生物区系及沉积构造演化史,111-113,地质出版社,北京。
马杏垣,1987,中国岩石圈动力学纲要,35,地质出版社,北京。
王鸿祯,1985,中国古地理图集,地图出版社,北京。
肖振敏、刘光勋,1988,青海花石峡地震形变带的初步研究,中国地震,Vol.4,No.1,68-75。
张以茀,1994,青海及邻近地区地质构造演化初探,高原地震,Vol.6,No.3,10-16。
张以茀、郑征康,1994,青海可可西里及邻区地质概论,140-141,148-150,地震出版社,北京。
Avouac,J.P.and Tapponnier,P.,1993,Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia,Geo.Res,Lett.,Vol.20,No.10,895-898．
Tapponnier,P.and Molnar,P.,1977,Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of China,J.G.R.,Vol.82,2905-2930
Tapponnier,P.,Peltzer,G.and Armijo,R.,1986,On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia,ed.b Coward,M.P.and Ries,A.C.,Collision Tectonics,Geological Society Spectial Publication,No.19,115--157．
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