InSAR可检测的最大最小变形梯度的函数模型研究
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摘要
InSAR干涉图中的相位噪声是相干性和视数的函数.InSAR能检测的地表最大最小形变梯度,除了受到InSAR硬件的限制外,还直接受到InSAR干涉图中噪声强弱的影响.此外,由于多视处理会改变像元的大小,也会引起可检测的最大最小形变梯度显著变化.本文研究了 InSAR可检测的地表最大最小形变梯度与相干性和视数的关系,并建立了视数为1、5和20时(ERS和ENVISAT常采用的多视数)InSAR可检测的最大最小形变梯度的经验函数模型.最后,本文用伊朗Bam地区的Enivsat ASAR数据进行了试验,结果表明该模型能够准确地判别不同视数和相干性情况下地表变形能否被InSAR技术所检测.与Baran只考虑了相干性的模型相比,本文的模型适用范围更广.
The phase noise in a SAR interferogram is the function of both interferometric coherence and muhilook number. In InSAR, except the hardware limitation, the maximum and minimum detectable deformation gradients are directly affected by interferometric phase noise. In addition, multilook operation will alter the size of pixels and thus the maximum and minimum detectable deformation gradients. This paper investigates the relationship among the maximum/ minimum detectable deformation gradient, the multilook number and the coherence, and establishes the empirical function models of the maximum/minimum detectable deformation gradients for multilook number 1, 5 and 20. Experimental results with Envisat ASAR data over the area of Barn, Iran show that the new models can accurately judge whether a given ground deformation can be resolved by InSAR. Comparing with the model incorporating only coherence information, the new model is more accurate and comprehensive.
The phase noise in a SAR interferogram is the function of both interferometric coherence and muhilook number. In InSAR, except the hardware limitation, the maximum and minimum detectable deformation gradients are directly affected by interferometric phase noise. In addition, multilook operation will alter the size of pixels and thus the maximum and minimum detectable deformation gradients. This paper investigates the relationship among the maximum/ minimum detectable deformation gradient, the multilook number and the coherence, and establishes the empirical function models of the maximum/minimum detectable deformation gradients for multilook number 1, 5 and 20. Experimental results with Envisat ASAR data over the area of Barn, Iran show that the new models can accurately judge whether a given ground deformation can be resolved by InSAR. Comparing with the model incorporating only coherence information, the new model is more accurate and comprehensive.
引文
[1] 刘国祥,丁晓利,李志林等.使用InSAR建立DEM的试验研 究.测绘学报,2001,30(4) :336～342 Liu G X,Ding X L,Li Z L,et al.Experimental investigation on DEM generation through InSAR.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica(in Chinese),2001,30(4) :336～342
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[9] Bamler R,Hartl P.Synthetic aperture radar interferometry.Inverse Problems,1998,14(4) :R1～R54
[10] Lee J S,Hoppel K W,Mango S A,et al.Intensity and phase statistics of multilook polarimetric and interferometric SAR imagery.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1994,32(5) :1017～1028
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[12] Li Z W,Ding X L,Huang C,et al.Improved filtering parameter determination for the goldstein radar interferogram filter.ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing,2008,63(6) :621～634
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[14] Hanssen R H.Radar Interferometry-Data Interpretation and Error Analysis.Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001
[15] Baran I.Advanced satellite radar interferometry for smallscale surface deformation detection[Ph.D.thesis].Australia:Curtin University of Technology,2004
[16] Trouvé E,Caramma H,Maitre H.Fringe detection in noisy complex interferograms.Applied Optic,1996,35(20) :3799～3806
[17] Born M,Wolf E.Principles of Optics(Pergamon Press).1980
[18] Zebker H A,Chen K.Accurate estimation of correlation in InSAR observations.IEEE Geosci.Remote Sens.Lett.,2005,2(2) :124～127
[19] Gabriel V,Trouvé E,Petillot I,et al.High resolution SAR interferometry;estimation of local frequencies in the context of alpine glaciers.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2008,46(4) ;1079～1090
[20] Ferretti A,Monti-guarnieri A,Prati C,et al.InSAR Principles:Guidelines for SAR Interferometry Processing and Interpretation.ESA Publications,2007
[21] Martinez J M,Beaudoin A,Wegmuller U,et al.Classification of land-cover and forest types using multidate ERS tandem data acquired over hilly terrain.International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium(IGARSS.),1998,4:1809～1811
[22] Wegmuller U,Spreckels V,Werner C,et al.Monitoring of mining induced surface deformation using L band SAR interferometry.IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS,2005,3:2165～2168
[23] Wegmuller U,Werner C,Strozzi T,et al.Monitoring mining induced surface deformation.IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium(IGARSS),
[2] 廖明生,林珲.雷达干涉测量学:原理与信号处理基础.北京:测绘出版社,2003 Liao M S,Lin H.Synthetic Aperture Radar Intereferometry-Principle and Signal Processing(in Chinese).Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Publishing House,2003
[3] 刘国祥,丁晓利,陈永奇等.使用卫星雷达差分干涉技术测量香港赤腊角机场沉降场.科学通报,2001,46(14) :1224～1228 Liu G X,Ding X L,Chen Y Q,et al.Ground settlement of chek lap Kok Airport Hong Kong detected by satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),2001,46(14) :1224～1228
[4] 王超,张红,刘智等.苏州地区地面沉降的星载合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量监测.自然科学进展,2002,12(6) :621～625 Wang C,Zhang H,Liu Z,et al.Monitoring Suzhou ground deformation with D-InSAR.Progress in Natural Science(in Chinese),2002,12(6) :621～625
[5] 单新建,马 瑾等.利用星载D-INSAR技术获取的地表形变场提取玛尼地震震源断层参数.中国科学(D辑),2002,32(10) :837～844 Shan J X,Ma J,et al.Extracting co-seismic deformation of the 1997 Mani earthquake with differential InSAR.Science in China(Series D),2002,32(10) :837～844
[6] Zebker H A,Villasenor J.Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1992,30(5) :950～959
[7] Massonnet D,Feigl K L.Radar interferometry and its application to changes in the Earth' s surface.Review of Geophysics,1998,36(4) :441～500
[8] Baran I S,Stewart M,Claessens S.A new functional model for determining minimum and maximum detectable deformation gradient resolved by satellite radar interferometry.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2005,43(4) :675～682
[9] Bamler R,Hartl P.Synthetic aperture radar interferometry.Inverse Problems,1998,14(4) :R1～R54
[10] Lee J S,Hoppel K W,Mango S A,et al.Intensity and phase statistics of multilook polarimetric and interferometric SAR imagery.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1994,32(5) :1017～1028
[11] Lee J S,Papathanassiou K P,Ainsworth T L,et al.New technique for noise filtering of SAR interferometric phase images.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1998,36(5) :1456～1465
[12] Li Z W,Ding X L,Huang C,et al.Improved filtering parameter determination for the goldstein radar interferogram filter.ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing,2008,63(6) :621～634
[13] Chen Curtis W.Statistical-cost network-flow approaches to two-dimensional phase unwrapping for radar interferometry[Ph.D.thesis].San Francisco:Stanford University,2006
[14] Hanssen R H.Radar Interferometry-Data Interpretation and Error Analysis.Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001
[15] Baran I.Advanced satellite radar interferometry for smallscale surface deformation detection[Ph.D.thesis].Australia:Curtin University of Technology,2004
[16] Trouvé E,Caramma H,Maitre H.Fringe detection in noisy complex interferograms.Applied Optic,1996,35(20) :3799～3806
[17] Born M,Wolf E.Principles of Optics(Pergamon Press).1980
[18] Zebker H A,Chen K.Accurate estimation of correlation in InSAR observations.IEEE Geosci.Remote Sens.Lett.,2005,2(2) :124～127
[19] Gabriel V,Trouvé E,Petillot I,et al.High resolution SAR interferometry;estimation of local frequencies in the context of alpine glaciers.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2008,46(4) ;1079～1090
[20] Ferretti A,Monti-guarnieri A,Prati C,et al.InSAR Principles:Guidelines for SAR Interferometry Processing and Interpretation.ESA Publications,2007
[21] Martinez J M,Beaudoin A,Wegmuller U,et al.Classification of land-cover and forest types using multidate ERS tandem data acquired over hilly terrain.International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium(IGARSS.),1998,4:1809～1811
[22] Wegmuller U,Spreckels V,Werner C,et al.Monitoring of mining induced surface deformation using L band SAR interferometry.IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS,2005,3:2165～2168
[23] Wegmuller U,Werner C,Strozzi T,et al.Monitoring mining induced surface deformation.IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium(IGARSS),
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