Kirchhoff积分法叠前时间偏移技术在三江盆地XDLZ地区的应用
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摘要
三江盆地前进坳陷XDLZ地区构造较复杂,以往开展的二维叠后时间偏移成像精度低和空间位置不够准确,为此进行了二维叠前时间偏移处理研究,分析了Kirchhoff积分法叠前时间偏移处理中关键环节技术参数(叠前去噪、振幅补偿、反褶积、静校正、均方根速度建模和偏移孔径选取)对研究区复杂构造成像的影响及处理技巧。通过叠前时间偏移和叠后时间偏移在该区的应用效果对比分析,Kirchhoff积分法叠前时间偏移处理结果包含地震信息更加丰富,深层复杂构造成像在同相轴的连续性和断层及断点空间位置更趋合理,成像相位和振幅误差较小,构造成图精度提高了约4%。
There exist complex structures in XDLZ area of Qianjin sag of Sanjiang Basin.The former imaging accuracy and space-location of 2D poststack time migration were not accurate.The authors did research on 2D prestack time migration processing and analyzed the key technical parameters in the Kirchhoff integral method prestack time migration process such as prestack noise attenuation,amplitude compensation,deconvolution,static correction,root-mean-square velocity model building and choosing migration aperture to the influence on the complex structure imaging in study area.compared and analyzed the application effects of the prestack and poststack time migrations in this area,the result shows that the Kirchhoff integral meth od prestack time migration process has more abundant seismic information;the deep complicated structure imaging is more rational in the field of the seismic event continuity and the space-location of faults and their points with less errors in its phase and amplitude;the accuracy for mapping structure is improved by ca.4%.
There exist complex structures in XDLZ area of Qianjin sag of Sanjiang Basin.The former imaging accuracy and space-location of 2D poststack time migration were not accurate.The authors did research on 2D prestack time migration processing and analyzed the key technical parameters in the Kirchhoff integral method prestack time migration process such as prestack noise attenuation,amplitude compensation,deconvolution,static correction,root-mean-square velocity model building and choosing migration aperture to the influence on the complex structure imaging in study area.compared and analyzed the application effects of the prestack and poststack time migrations in this area,the result shows that the Kirchhoff integral meth od prestack time migration process has more abundant seismic information;the deep complicated structure imaging is more rational in the field of the seismic event continuity and the space-location of faults and their points with less errors in its phase and amplitude;the accuracy for mapping structure is improved by ca.4%.
引文
[1]陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.叠前地震数据的平面波深度偏移法[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6):821-826.CHENSheng-chang,CAO Jing-zhong,MA Zai-tian.A method of plane wave depth migration for pre-stack seis-mic data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(6):821-826.
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[3]Mayne W H.Common reflection point horizontal stack-ing techniques[J].Geophysics,1962,27(6):927-938.
[4]Hale D.Dip moveout by Fourier transform[J].Geo-physics,1984,49(6):741-757.
[5]马在田.P-SV反射转换波的倾角时差校正(DMO)方法研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(2):243-250.MA Zai-tian.Study of dip-moveout correction(DMO)for P-SV converted-wave[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,1996,39(2):243-250.
[6]Larner K L,Beasley C.Cascaded migration:i mproving the accuracy of finite-difference migration[J].Geo-physics,1987,52(5):618-643.
[7]李录明,罗省贤.P-P波及P-SV波叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,1998,4(增刊):306-307.LI Lu-ming,LUOSheng-xian.Prestack depth migration for P-P-wave and P-SV-wave[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1998,4(Suppl.):306-307.
[8]程久兵,王华忠,马在田.双平方根方程三维叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(5):676-679.CHENG Jiu-bing,WANG Hua-zhong,MA Zai-tian.Double square root equation3D prestack depth migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(5):676-679.
[9]陈志德,刘振宽,李成斌.三维叠前深度偏移速度分析及蒙特卡洛法自动层速度拾取[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):246-254.CHEN Zhi-de,LI UZhen-kuan,LI Cheng-bin.3-Dpre-stack depth migration velocity analysis and automatic Monte Carlo velocity pickingin depth[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2002,45(2):246-254.
[10]曹孟起,刘占族.叠前时间偏移处理技术及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):286-289.CAO Meng-qi,Liu Zhan-zu.Application of pre-stack ti me migration processingtechnique[J].Oil Geophysi-cal Prospecting,2006,41(3):286-289.
[11]崔兴福,张关泉,吴雅丽.三维非均匀介质中真振幅地震偏移算子研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):509-510.CUI Xing-fu,ZHANG Guan-quan,WU Ya-li.True amplitude seismic migration operator in3D heteroge-neous medium[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(3):509-510.
[12]Claerbout J F.Towards a unified theory of reflector mapping[J].Geophysics,1971,36:467-481.
[13]秦福浩,郭亚曦.弹性波克希霍夫积分偏移法[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(5):577-581.QI N Fu-hao,GUO Ya-xi.Method of elastic wave Kirchhoff integral migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1988,31(5):577-581.
[14]董良国,马在田.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(6):856-864.DONG Liang-guo,MAZai-tian.Astaggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equa-tion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(6):856-864.
[15]Versteeg RJ.Sensitivity of prestack depth migration to the velocity model[J].Geophysics,1993,58(6):837-882.
[16]Schneider W.Integral formulation for migration in two and three di mensions[J].Geophysics,1978,43(1):49-76.
[17]李幼铭,刘洪,印兴耀.地震波场的共偏移距延拓研究[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(2):249-252.LI You-ming,LI U Hong,YI N Xing-yao.Build on e-quation of common offset continuation based on the hamilton equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1999,42(2):249-252.
[18]王喜双,张颖.地震叠前时间偏移处理技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):416-419.WANG Xi-shuang,ZHANG Ying.Seismic pre-stack ti me migration techniques[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(4):416-419.
[19]张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法技术综合评述[J].物理学进展,2006,21(2):546-553.ZHANGJun-hua,LU Ning,TIAN Lian-yu,et al.An overviewof the methods and techniques for seismic datanoise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):546-553.
[20]李永章,历梅,孟庆志,等.地表一致性振幅补偿[J].石油物探,1998,37(1):82-87,92.LI Yong-zhang,LI Mei,MENG Qing-zhi,et al.Am-plitude compensation of surface consistency[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,1998,37(1):82-87,92.
[21]Morley L,Calerbort J F.Predictive deconvolution in shot-receiver space[J].Geophysics,1983,48(5):515-531.
[22]Levin S A.Surface-consistent deconvolution[J].Geo-physics,1989,54(9):1123-1133.
[23]姜伟才,段云卿,王彦春,等.两步法反褶积在复杂地表地区的应用[J].物探与化探,2004,28(4):352-355.JIANG Wei-cai,DUAN Yun-qing,WANG Yan-chun,et al.The application of two-step deconvolution to the complex surface area[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2004,28(4):352-355.
[24]王西文,胡自多,田彦灿,等.地震子波处理的二步法反褶积方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,24(4):352-355.WANG Xi-wen,HU Zi-duo,TIAN Yan-can,et al.Study of seismic wavelet processing method in two step deconvolution[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,24(4):352-355.
[25]彭波,郭树祥,赵晨曦.高分辨率资料处理[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6):415-421.PENG Bo,GUOShu-xiang,ZHAO Chen-xi.Highres-olution seismic data processing[J].Progress in Explo-ration Geophysics,2004,27(6):415-421.
[26]李录明,罗省贤.P-p波及P-SV波叠前深度偏移速度模型建立方法[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(6):305-318LI Lu-ming,LUOShing-xian.A method of creating P-Pand PSV wave prestack depth migration velocity mod-el[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1998,41(6):305-318
[27]Schleicher J,Hubral P,Tygel M,et al.Mini mum apertures and Fresnel zonesin migration and three dem-igration[J].Geophysics,1997,62(1):183-194.
[28]Sun J.On the li mited aperture migrationin two di men-sions[J].Geophysics,1998,63(3):984-994.
[29]王汝珍,袁联生,李鹏,等.三维叠前时间偏移技术在塔河地区的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):360-365,369.WANG Ru-zhen,Yuan Lian-sheng,Li Peng,et al.Application of3-D prestack ti me migration in Tahe oil-field[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2006,29(5):360-365,369.
[2]Dix C H.Seismic velocities from surface measurements[J].Geophysics,1955,20(1):68-86.
[3]Mayne W H.Common reflection point horizontal stack-ing techniques[J].Geophysics,1962,27(6):927-938.
[4]Hale D.Dip moveout by Fourier transform[J].Geo-physics,1984,49(6):741-757.
[5]马在田.P-SV反射转换波的倾角时差校正(DMO)方法研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(2):243-250.MA Zai-tian.Study of dip-moveout correction(DMO)for P-SV converted-wave[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,1996,39(2):243-250.
[6]Larner K L,Beasley C.Cascaded migration:i mproving the accuracy of finite-difference migration[J].Geo-physics,1987,52(5):618-643.
[7]李录明,罗省贤.P-P波及P-SV波叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,1998,4(增刊):306-307.LI Lu-ming,LUOSheng-xian.Prestack depth migration for P-P-wave and P-SV-wave[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1998,4(Suppl.):306-307.
[8]程久兵,王华忠,马在田.双平方根方程三维叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(5):676-679.CHENG Jiu-bing,WANG Hua-zhong,MA Zai-tian.Double square root equation3D prestack depth migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(5):676-679.
[9]陈志德,刘振宽,李成斌.三维叠前深度偏移速度分析及蒙特卡洛法自动层速度拾取[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):246-254.CHEN Zhi-de,LI UZhen-kuan,LI Cheng-bin.3-Dpre-stack depth migration velocity analysis and automatic Monte Carlo velocity pickingin depth[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2002,45(2):246-254.
[10]曹孟起,刘占族.叠前时间偏移处理技术及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):286-289.CAO Meng-qi,Liu Zhan-zu.Application of pre-stack ti me migration processingtechnique[J].Oil Geophysi-cal Prospecting,2006,41(3):286-289.
[11]崔兴福,张关泉,吴雅丽.三维非均匀介质中真振幅地震偏移算子研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):509-510.CUI Xing-fu,ZHANG Guan-quan,WU Ya-li.True amplitude seismic migration operator in3D heteroge-neous medium[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(3):509-510.
[12]Claerbout J F.Towards a unified theory of reflector mapping[J].Geophysics,1971,36:467-481.
[13]秦福浩,郭亚曦.弹性波克希霍夫积分偏移法[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(5):577-581.QI N Fu-hao,GUO Ya-xi.Method of elastic wave Kirchhoff integral migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1988,31(5):577-581.
[14]董良国,马在田.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(6):856-864.DONG Liang-guo,MAZai-tian.Astaggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equa-tion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(6):856-864.
[15]Versteeg RJ.Sensitivity of prestack depth migration to the velocity model[J].Geophysics,1993,58(6):837-882.
[16]Schneider W.Integral formulation for migration in two and three di mensions[J].Geophysics,1978,43(1):49-76.
[17]李幼铭,刘洪,印兴耀.地震波场的共偏移距延拓研究[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(2):249-252.LI You-ming,LI U Hong,YI N Xing-yao.Build on e-quation of common offset continuation based on the hamilton equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1999,42(2):249-252.
[18]王喜双,张颖.地震叠前时间偏移处理技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):416-419.WANG Xi-shuang,ZHANG Ying.Seismic pre-stack ti me migration techniques[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(4):416-419.
[19]张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法技术综合评述[J].物理学进展,2006,21(2):546-553.ZHANGJun-hua,LU Ning,TIAN Lian-yu,et al.An overviewof the methods and techniques for seismic datanoise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):546-553.
[20]李永章,历梅,孟庆志,等.地表一致性振幅补偿[J].石油物探,1998,37(1):82-87,92.LI Yong-zhang,LI Mei,MENG Qing-zhi,et al.Am-plitude compensation of surface consistency[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,1998,37(1):82-87,92.
[21]Morley L,Calerbort J F.Predictive deconvolution in shot-receiver space[J].Geophysics,1983,48(5):515-531.
[22]Levin S A.Surface-consistent deconvolution[J].Geo-physics,1989,54(9):1123-1133.
[23]姜伟才,段云卿,王彦春,等.两步法反褶积在复杂地表地区的应用[J].物探与化探,2004,28(4):352-355.JIANG Wei-cai,DUAN Yun-qing,WANG Yan-chun,et al.The application of two-step deconvolution to the complex surface area[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2004,28(4):352-355.
[24]王西文,胡自多,田彦灿,等.地震子波处理的二步法反褶积方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,24(4):352-355.WANG Xi-wen,HU Zi-duo,TIAN Yan-can,et al.Study of seismic wavelet processing method in two step deconvolution[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,24(4):352-355.
[25]彭波,郭树祥,赵晨曦.高分辨率资料处理[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6):415-421.PENG Bo,GUOShu-xiang,ZHAO Chen-xi.Highres-olution seismic data processing[J].Progress in Explo-ration Geophysics,2004,27(6):415-421.
[26]李录明,罗省贤.P-p波及P-SV波叠前深度偏移速度模型建立方法[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(6):305-318LI Lu-ming,LUOShing-xian.A method of creating P-Pand PSV wave prestack depth migration velocity mod-el[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1998,41(6):305-318
[27]Schleicher J,Hubral P,Tygel M,et al.Mini mum apertures and Fresnel zonesin migration and three dem-igration[J].Geophysics,1997,62(1):183-194.
[28]Sun J.On the li mited aperture migrationin two di men-sions[J].Geophysics,1998,63(3):984-994.
[29]王汝珍,袁联生,李鹏,等.三维叠前时间偏移技术在塔河地区的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):360-365,369.WANG Ru-zhen,Yuan Lian-sheng,Li Peng,et al.Application of3-D prestack ti me migration in Tahe oil-field[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2006,29(5):360-365,369.
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