尼日尔三角洲坡脚逆冲带沉积样式及构造控制
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摘要
研究尼日尔三角洲深水坡脚逆冲带沉积样式、构造对沉积的控制可以揭示深水沉积分布与演化特征.运用生长地层翼旋转机理和地震相分析技术对研究区的沉积类型、构造与沉积关系进行了分析.认为在深水陆坡重力滑动作用所形成的微盆地内,层序边界表现为微盆地边缘上超不整合面或重力流对下伏地层的侵蚀不整合;逆冲构造隆升速率与沉积速率共同控制了重力流可容空间和沉积充填样式;沉积垂向演化以块状搬运复合体-浊积扇-深海披覆泥或浊积扇-深海披覆泥为特征.在充分考虑构造隆升和沉积速率影响因素的基础上,建立了单一微盆地和多个微盆地的沉积演化模式.
Researches on sedimentary patterns and structural control across toe thrust belts can demonstrate the distribution and evolution of deep-water sediments. In this paper, mechanism of limb rotation in growth strata and technique of seismic facies analysis are used. There are three features in the minibasins induced by gravitational sliding on the slope: the firstly, feature is surface of unconformity developed by onlap on minibasin margins or surface of unconformity truncated by mass-transport-complex are sequence boundary in the study area; the secondly, accommodation of gravity flow is controlled by uplift rate and sedimentation rate, and styles of filling in the minibasins are dominated by the interrelationship between the two factors; and the third, there are two stacking patterns that consists of upward of turbidite fan-hemipelagic drape mud or mass-transport complexes-turbidite fan-hemipelagic drape mud. Models showing evolution of sediment in Single minibasin and in multiple minibasins are built based on the study of uplift and rate of deposition.
Researches on sedimentary patterns and structural control across toe thrust belts can demonstrate the distribution and evolution of deep-water sediments. In this paper, mechanism of limb rotation in growth strata and technique of seismic facies analysis are used. There are three features in the minibasins induced by gravitational sliding on the slope: the firstly, feature is surface of unconformity developed by onlap on minibasin margins or surface of unconformity truncated by mass-transport-complex are sequence boundary in the study area; the secondly, accommodation of gravity flow is controlled by uplift rate and sedimentation rate, and styles of filling in the minibasins are dominated by the interrelationship between the two factors; and the third, there are two stacking patterns that consists of upward of turbidite fan-hemipelagic drape mud or mass-transport complexes-turbidite fan-hemipelagic drape mud. Models showing evolution of sediment in Single minibasin and in multiple minibasins are built based on the study of uplift and rate of deposition.
引文
Adeogba,A.A.,Mc Hargue,T.R.,Graham,S.A.,2005.Transient fan architecture and depositional controlsfrom near-surface3-D seismic data,Niger Delta conti-nental slope.AAPG Bulletin,89(5):627-643.
Badalini,G.,Kneller,B.,Winker,C.D.,2000.Architectureand processes in the Late Pleistocene Brazos-Trinityturbidite system,Gulf of Mexico continental slope.In:Wei mer,P.,Slatt,R.M.,Coleman,J.,et al.,eds.,Deep-water reservoirs of the world:Gulf Coast SectionSEPM20th Annual Research Conference,16-34.
Beaubouef,R.T.,Friedmann,S.J.,2000.High-resolutionseismic/sequence stratigraphic frameworkfor the evolu-tion of Pleistocene intra slope basins,western Gulf ofMexico:Depositional models and reservoir analogues.In:Wei mer,P.,Slatt,R.M.,Coleman,J.,et al.,eds.,Deep-water reservoirs of the world:Gulf Coast SEPMSection20th Annual Research Conference,40-60.
Beaubouef,R.T.,Abreu,V.,Van Wagoner,J.C.,2003.Ba-sin4of the Brazos-Trinity slope system,western Gulfof Mexico:The terminal portion of a Late Pleistocenelowstand system tract.In:Roberts,H.H.,Rosen,N.C.,Fillon,R.H.,et al.,eds.,Shelf margin deltas andlinked down slope petroleum systems:Global signifi-cance and future exploration potential.Proceedings ofthe23rd Annual Research Conference,Gulf Coast Sec-tion SEPMFoundation,45-57.
Burbank,D.,Meigs,A.,Brozovic,N.,1996.Interactions ofgrowing folds and coeval depositional systems.BasinResearch,8(3):199-223.
Coleman,J.M.,Prior,D.B.,Lindsay,J.F.,1983.Deltaic in-fluences on shelfedge instability processes.In:Stanley,D.J.,Moore,G.T.,eds.,The shelf break:Critical in-terface on continental margins.SEPM Special Publica-tion,33:121-137.
Corredor,F.,Shaw,J.H.,Bilotti,F.,2005.Structural stylesin the deep water fold and thrust belts of the Niger Del-ta.AAPG Bulletin,89(6):753-780.
Cronin,B.,Owen,D.,Hartley,A.,et al.,1998.Slumps,deb-ris flows and sandy deep-water channel systems:I mpli-cations for the application of sequence stratigraphy todeep water clastic sedi ments.Journal ofthe GeologicalSociety,155:429-432.
Dam,G.,Sonderhol m,M.,1994.Lowstand slope channels ofthe itilli succession(Maastrichtian-lower Paleocene),Nuussuaq,West Greenland.Sedi mentary Geology,94(1-2):49-71.
Davies,R.J.,2003.Kilometer-scale fluidization structuresformed during early burial of a deep-water slope channelon the Niger Delta.Geology,31(11):949-952.
Deptuck,M.E.,Steffens,G.S.,Barton,M.,et al.,2003.Ar-chitecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts onthe Niger Delta slope and in the Arabian Sea.Marineand Petroleum Geology,20(6-8):649-676.
Doust,H.,Omatsola,E.,1990.Niger Delta.In:Edwards,J.D.,Santogrossi,P.A.,eds.,Divergent/Passive marginsbasins,AAPG Memoir,48:201-238.
Fonnesu,F.,2003.3-D seismic i mages of a low-sinuosityslope channel and-related depositional lobe(West Afri-ca deep offshore).Marine and Petroleum Geology,20:615-629.
Gervais,A.,Savoye,B.,Mulder,T.,et al.,2005.Sandymodern turbidite lobes:A newinsight from high reso-lution seismic data.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23(4):485-502.
Kolla,V.,Macurda,D.B.Jr.,1988.Sea-level changes andti ming of turbidity-current events in deep-sea fan sys-tems.In:Wilgus,C.K.,Hastings,B.S.,Kendall,C.G.St.C.,et al.,eds.,Sea level change:An integrated ap-proach.SEPMSpecial Publication,42:381-392.
Li,Z.,2006.Fromthe highest to the deepest:A review onresearch frontiers of sedi mentology reflected from17thinternational sedi mentological congress.Acta Sedi men-tologica Sinica,24(6):928-933(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Mallarino,G.,Beaubouef,R.T.,Droxler,A.W.,et al.,2006.Sea level influence on the nature and ti ming of aminibasin sedi mentary fill(northwestern slope of theGulf of Mexico).AAPG Bulletin,90(7):1089-1119.
Mayall,M.,Jones,E.,Casey,M.,2006.Turbidite channelreservoirs-key elements infacies prediction and effectivedevelopment.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23(8):821-841.
Moscardelli,L.,Wood,L.,Mann,P.,2006.Mass-transportcomplexes and associated processes in the offshore areaof Trinidad and Venezuela.AAPGBulletin,90(7):1059-1088.
Posamentier,H.W.,Erskine,R.D.,1991.Seismic expres-sion and recognition criteria of ancient submarine fans.In:Wei mer,P.,Link,M.H.,eds.,Seismic facies andsedi mentary processes of submarine fans and turbiditesystems.Springer-Verlag,New York,197-222.
Posamentier,H.W.,Kolla,V.,2003.Seismic geomorphologyand stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-watersettings.Journal of Sedi mentary Research,73:367-388.
Prather,B.E.,Booth,J.R.,Steffens,G.S.,et al.,1998.Classification,lithologic calibration,and stratigraphicsuccession of seismic facies of intraslope basins,deep-water Gulf of Mexico.AAPG Bulletin,82(5A):701-728.
Satterfield,W.M.,Behrens,E.W.,1990.Alater Quaternarycanyon/channel system,northwest Gulf of Mexico con-tinental slope.Marine Geology,92(1-2):51-67.
Shannon,P.M.,Stoker,M.S.,Praeg,D.,et al.,2005.Se-quence stratigraphic analysis in deep-water,underfilledNW European passive margin basins.Marine and Pe-troleum Geology,22(9-10):1185-1200.
Shaw,J.H.,Novoa,E.,Connors,C.D.,2004.Structuralcontrols on growth stratigraphy in contractional fault-related folds.In:McClay,K.R.,ed.,Thrust tectonicsand hydrocarbon systems.AAPG Memoir,82:400-412.
Shaw,J.H.,Hook,S.C.,Suppe,J.,2005.Pitas point anti-cline,California,U.S.A..In:Shaw,J.H.,Connors,C.,Suppe,J.,eds.,Seismic interpretation of contractionalfault-related folds:An AAPG seismic atlas.AmericanAssociation of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geolo-gy,53,60-61.
Suppe,J.,Chou,G.T.,Hook,S.C.,1992.Rates of foldingand faulting determined from growth strata.In:Mc-Clay,K.R.,ed.,Thrust tectonics.Chapman&Hall,London,105-121.
Wang,C.W.,Chen,H.H.,Chen,C.M.,et al.,2007.Char-acteristics of the Baiyun deep-water fan and main accu-mulation controlling factors in Pearl River Mouth ba-sin,South China Sea.Earth Science—Journal of ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,32(2):247-252(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Wei mer,P.,Varnai,P.,Budhijanto,F.M.,et al.,1998.Se-quence stratigraphy of Pliocene and Pleistocene turbiditesystems,northern Green Canyon and Ewing Bank(off-shore Louisiana),northern Gulf of Mexico.AAPG Bul-letin,82(5B):918-960.
Winker,C.D.,1996.High-resolution seismic stratigraphy ofa late Pleistocene submarine fan ponded by salt-with-drawal minibasins on the Gulf of Mexico continentalslope:28th Annual offshore technology conference pro-ceedings,offshore technology conference,Richardson,Texas,1,OTC8024:619-662.
Zhong,G.F.,Liu,X.F.,Deng,C.N.,et al.,2006.Middle-Upper Ordovician seismic sequences and submarine fandeposits in west tadong uplift,Tari m basin,northwestChina.Earth Science—Journal of China University ofGeosciences,31(3):366-371(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
李忠,2006.“从最高到最深”—从第17届国际沉积学大会看沉积学研究前沿.沉积学报,24(6):928-933.
王存武,陈红汉,陈长民,等,2007.珠江口盆地白云深水扇特征及油气成藏主控因素.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,32(2):247-252.
钟广法,刘学锋,邓常念,等,2006.塔里木盆地塔东凸起西部中上奥陶统地震层序与海底扇沉积.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,31(3):366-371.
Badalini,G.,Kneller,B.,Winker,C.D.,2000.Architectureand processes in the Late Pleistocene Brazos-Trinityturbidite system,Gulf of Mexico continental slope.In:Wei mer,P.,Slatt,R.M.,Coleman,J.,et al.,eds.,Deep-water reservoirs of the world:Gulf Coast SectionSEPM20th Annual Research Conference,16-34.
Beaubouef,R.T.,Friedmann,S.J.,2000.High-resolutionseismic/sequence stratigraphic frameworkfor the evolu-tion of Pleistocene intra slope basins,western Gulf ofMexico:Depositional models and reservoir analogues.In:Wei mer,P.,Slatt,R.M.,Coleman,J.,et al.,eds.,Deep-water reservoirs of the world:Gulf Coast SEPMSection20th Annual Research Conference,40-60.
Beaubouef,R.T.,Abreu,V.,Van Wagoner,J.C.,2003.Ba-sin4of the Brazos-Trinity slope system,western Gulfof Mexico:The terminal portion of a Late Pleistocenelowstand system tract.In:Roberts,H.H.,Rosen,N.C.,Fillon,R.H.,et al.,eds.,Shelf margin deltas andlinked down slope petroleum systems:Global signifi-cance and future exploration potential.Proceedings ofthe23rd Annual Research Conference,Gulf Coast Sec-tion SEPMFoundation,45-57.
Burbank,D.,Meigs,A.,Brozovic,N.,1996.Interactions ofgrowing folds and coeval depositional systems.BasinResearch,8(3):199-223.
Coleman,J.M.,Prior,D.B.,Lindsay,J.F.,1983.Deltaic in-fluences on shelfedge instability processes.In:Stanley,D.J.,Moore,G.T.,eds.,The shelf break:Critical in-terface on continental margins.SEPM Special Publica-tion,33:121-137.
Corredor,F.,Shaw,J.H.,Bilotti,F.,2005.Structural stylesin the deep water fold and thrust belts of the Niger Del-ta.AAPG Bulletin,89(6):753-780.
Cronin,B.,Owen,D.,Hartley,A.,et al.,1998.Slumps,deb-ris flows and sandy deep-water channel systems:I mpli-cations for the application of sequence stratigraphy todeep water clastic sedi ments.Journal ofthe GeologicalSociety,155:429-432.
Dam,G.,Sonderhol m,M.,1994.Lowstand slope channels ofthe itilli succession(Maastrichtian-lower Paleocene),Nuussuaq,West Greenland.Sedi mentary Geology,94(1-2):49-71.
Davies,R.J.,2003.Kilometer-scale fluidization structuresformed during early burial of a deep-water slope channelon the Niger Delta.Geology,31(11):949-952.
Deptuck,M.E.,Steffens,G.S.,Barton,M.,et al.,2003.Ar-chitecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts onthe Niger Delta slope and in the Arabian Sea.Marineand Petroleum Geology,20(6-8):649-676.
Doust,H.,Omatsola,E.,1990.Niger Delta.In:Edwards,J.D.,Santogrossi,P.A.,eds.,Divergent/Passive marginsbasins,AAPG Memoir,48:201-238.
Fonnesu,F.,2003.3-D seismic i mages of a low-sinuosityslope channel and-related depositional lobe(West Afri-ca deep offshore).Marine and Petroleum Geology,20:615-629.
Gervais,A.,Savoye,B.,Mulder,T.,et al.,2005.Sandymodern turbidite lobes:A newinsight from high reso-lution seismic data.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23(4):485-502.
Kolla,V.,Macurda,D.B.Jr.,1988.Sea-level changes andti ming of turbidity-current events in deep-sea fan sys-tems.In:Wilgus,C.K.,Hastings,B.S.,Kendall,C.G.St.C.,et al.,eds.,Sea level change:An integrated ap-proach.SEPMSpecial Publication,42:381-392.
Li,Z.,2006.Fromthe highest to the deepest:A review onresearch frontiers of sedi mentology reflected from17thinternational sedi mentological congress.Acta Sedi men-tologica Sinica,24(6):928-933(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Mallarino,G.,Beaubouef,R.T.,Droxler,A.W.,et al.,2006.Sea level influence on the nature and ti ming of aminibasin sedi mentary fill(northwestern slope of theGulf of Mexico).AAPG Bulletin,90(7):1089-1119.
Mayall,M.,Jones,E.,Casey,M.,2006.Turbidite channelreservoirs-key elements infacies prediction and effectivedevelopment.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23(8):821-841.
Moscardelli,L.,Wood,L.,Mann,P.,2006.Mass-transportcomplexes and associated processes in the offshore areaof Trinidad and Venezuela.AAPGBulletin,90(7):1059-1088.
Posamentier,H.W.,Erskine,R.D.,1991.Seismic expres-sion and recognition criteria of ancient submarine fans.In:Wei mer,P.,Link,M.H.,eds.,Seismic facies andsedi mentary processes of submarine fans and turbiditesystems.Springer-Verlag,New York,197-222.
Posamentier,H.W.,Kolla,V.,2003.Seismic geomorphologyand stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-watersettings.Journal of Sedi mentary Research,73:367-388.
Prather,B.E.,Booth,J.R.,Steffens,G.S.,et al.,1998.Classification,lithologic calibration,and stratigraphicsuccession of seismic facies of intraslope basins,deep-water Gulf of Mexico.AAPG Bulletin,82(5A):701-728.
Satterfield,W.M.,Behrens,E.W.,1990.Alater Quaternarycanyon/channel system,northwest Gulf of Mexico con-tinental slope.Marine Geology,92(1-2):51-67.
Shannon,P.M.,Stoker,M.S.,Praeg,D.,et al.,2005.Se-quence stratigraphic analysis in deep-water,underfilledNW European passive margin basins.Marine and Pe-troleum Geology,22(9-10):1185-1200.
Shaw,J.H.,Novoa,E.,Connors,C.D.,2004.Structuralcontrols on growth stratigraphy in contractional fault-related folds.In:McClay,K.R.,ed.,Thrust tectonicsand hydrocarbon systems.AAPG Memoir,82:400-412.
Shaw,J.H.,Hook,S.C.,Suppe,J.,2005.Pitas point anti-cline,California,U.S.A..In:Shaw,J.H.,Connors,C.,Suppe,J.,eds.,Seismic interpretation of contractionalfault-related folds:An AAPG seismic atlas.AmericanAssociation of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geolo-gy,53,60-61.
Suppe,J.,Chou,G.T.,Hook,S.C.,1992.Rates of foldingand faulting determined from growth strata.In:Mc-Clay,K.R.,ed.,Thrust tectonics.Chapman&Hall,London,105-121.
Wang,C.W.,Chen,H.H.,Chen,C.M.,et al.,2007.Char-acteristics of the Baiyun deep-water fan and main accu-mulation controlling factors in Pearl River Mouth ba-sin,South China Sea.Earth Science—Journal of ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,32(2):247-252(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Wei mer,P.,Varnai,P.,Budhijanto,F.M.,et al.,1998.Se-quence stratigraphy of Pliocene and Pleistocene turbiditesystems,northern Green Canyon and Ewing Bank(off-shore Louisiana),northern Gulf of Mexico.AAPG Bul-letin,82(5B):918-960.
Winker,C.D.,1996.High-resolution seismic stratigraphy ofa late Pleistocene submarine fan ponded by salt-with-drawal minibasins on the Gulf of Mexico continentalslope:28th Annual offshore technology conference pro-ceedings,offshore technology conference,Richardson,Texas,1,OTC8024:619-662.
Zhong,G.F.,Liu,X.F.,Deng,C.N.,et al.,2006.Middle-Upper Ordovician seismic sequences and submarine fandeposits in west tadong uplift,Tari m basin,northwestChina.Earth Science—Journal of China University ofGeosciences,31(3):366-371(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
李忠,2006.“从最高到最深”—从第17届国际沉积学大会看沉积学研究前沿.沉积学报,24(6):928-933.
王存武,陈红汉,陈长民,等,2007.珠江口盆地白云深水扇特征及油气成藏主控因素.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,32(2):247-252.
钟广法,刘学锋,邓常念,等,2006.塔里木盆地塔东凸起西部中上奥陶统地震层序与海底扇沉积.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,31(3):366-371.
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