碳酸盐岩裂缝识别研究内容与方法
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摘要
裂缝是碳酸盐岩等特殊岩性油藏储层的重要渗流通道和储集空间,这类储层有强烈的非均质性、复杂的储集空间以取各向异性。由于碳酸盐岩裂缝储层分布非均质性强、规律性差、缺少有效的储层发育模式,通常难以识别。因此,如何有效地识别出碳酸盐岩裂缝的发育以及其它岩性的裂缝发育带,是地质研究的难点之一。在识别碳酸盐岩裂缝时,可以应用双侧向测井、声波时差、井温等一种或几种常规测井方法综合识别,也可以应用全波波形及其能量衰减识别法等非线性方法识别裂缝。本文给出了近几年国内外专家提出的测井新技术识别裂缝的观点,如地层微电阻扫描测井、地震相分析(SFA)识别裂缝(Olivier Fonta,2007)。本文对于常规测井曲线及测井新技术等方法的探测原理及优越性做了深入探讨,并基于碳酸盐岩储层非均质性严重,储层裂缝具有类型多样化特征的特点对储层裂缝识别提出了建议,最好能运用几种常规曲线进行综合识别并结合该并段的岩心观察结果、成像测井等直观资料进行对比,确保裂缝识别成果准确可靠。
Fracture is the crucial seeping path and reserve space in particular lithological reservoir such as carbonate reservoir.These reservoirs have strong heterogeneity,complex reserve space and anisotropy.With strong heterogeneity and irregular patterns,it is hard to identify the fractures in carbonate reservoirs.It becomes one of the difficulties in geologic researches.One or several conventional logging methods can be used to identify the fractures such as dual laterolog,acoustic differential time and hole temperature,et al.,as well as some non-linear methods as full-wave waveform and energy decay.The paper presents the new well logging technology proposed by the experts both abroad and home in the last few years,for example micro-resistence scanning logging and seismic facies analysis(SFA )(Olivier Fonta,2007 ). The principle and advantages of conventional logs and new well logging technology are discussed in the paper.Some suggestions are proposed according to the diverse characteristics of reservoir fracture that in order to identify fractures accurately,several conventional logs should be compared with imaging well logging data and the observed result of rock core of the interval.
Fracture is the crucial seeping path and reserve space in particular lithological reservoir such as carbonate reservoir.These reservoirs have strong heterogeneity,complex reserve space and anisotropy.With strong heterogeneity and irregular patterns,it is hard to identify the fractures in carbonate reservoirs.It becomes one of the difficulties in geologic researches.One or several conventional logging methods can be used to identify the fractures such as dual laterolog,acoustic differential time and hole temperature,et al.,as well as some non-linear methods as full-wave waveform and energy decay.The paper presents the new well logging technology proposed by the experts both abroad and home in the last few years,for example micro-resistence scanning logging and seismic facies analysis(SFA )(Olivier Fonta,2007 ). The principle and advantages of conventional logs and new well logging technology are discussed in the paper.Some suggestions are proposed according to the diverse characteristics of reservoir fracture that in order to identify fractures accurately,several conventional logs should be compared with imaging well logging data and the observed result of rock core of the interval.
引文
[1]Olivier Fonta,;Hamad Al-Ajmi,Naveen K.Verma,Saad Matar;Vincent Divryand Hanadi Al-Qallaf.The Fracture Characterization and Fracture Modeling of a Tight Carbonate Reservoir—The Najmah-Sargelu of West Kuwait[J]. SPE93557-PA,2007(12):695-710
[2]Simon Chipperfield.After-Closure Analysis To Identify Nat urally Fractured Reservoirs[J].SPE90002-PA,2006(2): 50-60
[3]Stephen E.Laubach.Practical Approaches to Identifying Sealed and Open Fractures[J].AAPG03_0561,2003(4): 561-579
[4]D.C.P.Peacock and A.Mann,Fugro Robertson.Controls on fracturing in carbonate rocks[J].SPE92980-MS,2005(3)
[5]G.R.Pickett and E.B.Reynolds.Evaluation of Fractured Reservoirs[J].SPE1866,28-38
[6]陈莹、谭茂金,利用测井技术识别和探测裂缝[J],测井技术,2003,27(增刊):11-14
[7]邓模、瞿国英、蔡忠贤,常规测井方法识别碳酸盐岩储层裂缝[J],地质学刊,33(1),75—78,2009
[8]范晓丽、苏培东、闫丰明,储层裂缝的研究内容及方法[J],断块油气田,第16卷第6期
[9]李毓、王洪辉,塔巴庙上古储层高角度裂缝测井识别及分布特征研究[J],成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),第34卷,第2期
[10]赵军龙,测井方法原理[M]
[11]王文博,塔中45井区奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝研究[C]
[2]Simon Chipperfield.After-Closure Analysis To Identify Nat urally Fractured Reservoirs[J].SPE90002-PA,2006(2): 50-60
[3]Stephen E.Laubach.Practical Approaches to Identifying Sealed and Open Fractures[J].AAPG03_0561,2003(4): 561-579
[4]D.C.P.Peacock and A.Mann,Fugro Robertson.Controls on fracturing in carbonate rocks[J].SPE92980-MS,2005(3)
[5]G.R.Pickett and E.B.Reynolds.Evaluation of Fractured Reservoirs[J].SPE1866,28-38
[6]陈莹、谭茂金,利用测井技术识别和探测裂缝[J],测井技术,2003,27(增刊):11-14
[7]邓模、瞿国英、蔡忠贤,常规测井方法识别碳酸盐岩储层裂缝[J],地质学刊,33(1),75—78,2009
[8]范晓丽、苏培东、闫丰明,储层裂缝的研究内容及方法[J],断块油气田,第16卷第6期
[9]李毓、王洪辉,塔巴庙上古储层高角度裂缝测井识别及分布特征研究[J],成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),第34卷,第2期
[10]赵军龙,测井方法原理[M]
[11]王文博,塔中45井区奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝研究[C]
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