精细油藏描述中的沉积微相建模进展
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摘要
从区域沉积学分析和运用高分辨率层序地层学建立地层分层数据库两方面入手,分析了精细油藏描述中沉积微相建模研究的基础。结合建模实践,详细介绍了当前沉积微相建模中广泛使用的利用地质、地球物理、油田开发动态数据等信息基于目标和基于象元的各种随机建模方法和构型分析法、井间地震等建模新技术,并对各种方法和技术的优缺点进行了简评。在此基础上分析了沉积微相研究中应注意的建模方法技术、建模软件的选择、相模型的验证和优选等问题。针对目前的研究现状和存在的问题,指出了精细油藏描述中沉积微相建模研究的发展趋势。
This paper first analyzes the foundation of microfacies modeling in fine reservoir description based on the region sedimentary analysis and the establishment of stratum data base by high resolution sequence stratigraphy.It also introduces the modeling methods and techniques that are widely used in present microfacies modeling,such as object-based and pixel-based technology of architecture analysis and crosswell seismic technology and other techniques of geology and physical geology and development dynamics information with some evaluation of their advantages and disadvantage.With a summary of these methods,it suggests that care should be taken in the choice,the test and the optimization of these models in the process of microfacies research.Meanwhile,it points out the tendency of microfacies modeling in fine reservoir description.
This paper first analyzes the foundation of microfacies modeling in fine reservoir description based on the region sedimentary analysis and the establishment of stratum data base by high resolution sequence stratigraphy.It also introduces the modeling methods and techniques that are widely used in present microfacies modeling,such as object-based and pixel-based technology of architecture analysis and crosswell seismic technology and other techniques of geology and physical geology and development dynamics information with some evaluation of their advantages and disadvantage.With a summary of these methods,it suggests that care should be taken in the choice,the test and the optimization of these models in the process of microfacies research.Meanwhile,it points out the tendency of microfacies modeling in fine reservoir description.
引文
[1]于兴河,陈建阳,张志杰,等.油气储层相控随机建模技术的约束方法[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):237-244.
[2]Ranie L,Elizabeth H.Conceptual model for predicting mud-stone dimensions in sandy braided-river reservoirs[J].AAPGBulletin,2006,90(8):1 273-1 288.
[3]穆龙新.油藏描述的阶段性及特点[J].石油学报,2000,21(5):103-108.
[4]罗平,裘怿楠,贾爱林,等.中国油气储层地质研究面临的挑战和发展方向[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):142-147.
[5]郭秀蓉,程守田,刘星.油藏描述中的小层划分与对比——以垦西油田K71断块东营组为例[J].地质科技情报,2001,20(2):55-58.
[6]赵翰卿.高分辨率层序地层对比与我国的小层对比[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(1):5-12.
[7]杨小萍,刘桂侠,马文杰,等.层序地层学研究现状及发展趋势[J].西北地质,2001,34(2):16-20.
[8]朱筱敏.层序地层学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000.
[9]Vail P R,Audemard F,Bowman S A,et al.The stratigraphicsignatures of tectonics,eustasy and sedimentology:An over-view[C]∥Einsele G,Ricken W,Seilacher A.Cycles and e-vents in stratigraphy.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1991:617-659.
[10]Cross T A.High-resolution,stratigraphic correlation from theperspective of base-level cycles and sediment accommodation[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of Northwestern European sequencestratigraphy congress.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1994:105-123.
[11]van Wagoner J C.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in welllogs,cores and outcrops.AAPG methods in exploration Se-ries7[M].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1990.
[12]Oriol F,Pau A,Andy G,et al.Best practice stochastic faciesmodeling from a channel-fill turbidite sandstone analog(theQuarry outcrop,Eocene Ainsa basin,northeast Spain)[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(7):1 003-1 029.
[13]胡向阳,熊琦华,吴胜和.储层建模方法研究进展[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(1):107-112.
[14]刘军,李少华,汪海涛.应用顺序指示随机模拟法研究沉积微相[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(2):11-46.
[15]裘怿楠,贾爱林.储层地质模型十年[J].石油学报,2000,21(4):101-104.
[16]武军昌,吴胜和,尹伟,等.黄骅坳陷港西开发区新近系明化镇组沉积微相三维建模[J].古地理学报,2002,4(4):39-46.
[17]Matthew J P,Amanda I,Ellison R D,et al.Analysis andmodeling of intermediate-scale reservoir heterogeneity based ona fluvial point-bar outcrop analog,Williams Fork Formation,Piceance Basin,Colorado[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(7):1 025-1 051.
[18]吴胜和,武军昌,李恕军,等.安塞油田坪桥水平井区沉积微相三维建模研究[J].沉积学报,2003,21(2):266-271.
[19]周丽清,赵丽敏,赵国梁,等.高分辨率地震约束相建模[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(3):56-58.
[20]吴胜和,刘英,范峥,等.应用地质和地震信息进行三维沉积微相随机建模[J].古地理学报,2003,5(4):439-449.
[21]胡向阳,熊琦华,吴胜和,等.标点过程随机模拟方法在沉积微相研究中的应用[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2002,26(2):19-30.
[22]Miall A D.Architectural-element analysis:A new method offacies analysis applied to fluvial deposits[J].Earth Science Re-views,1985,22:261-308.
[23]Miall A D.Architectural elements sand bounding surfaces influvial deposits:Anatomy of the Kayenta Formation(LowerJurassic),Southwest Colorado[J].Sedimentary Geology,1988,155:233-262.
[24]Miall A D.The geology of fluvial deposits,sedimentary fa-cies,basin analysis,and petroleum geology[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1996.
[25]Joseph D D,Shankar M.Three-dimensional structural modelof the painter and east painter reservoir structures,Wyomingfold and thrust belt[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(8):1 171-1 185.
[26]Steven J I,John W S.A new conceptual model for the struc-tural evolution of a regional salt detachment on the northeastScotian margin,offshore eastern Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(9):1 407-1 423.
[27]Miall A D.Reconstructing the architecture and sequence stra-tigraphy of the preserved fluvial record as a tool for reservoirdevelopment:A reality check[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(7):989-1 002.
[28]Lee K,Gani M R,McMechan G A,et al.Three-dimensionalfacies architecture and three-dimensional calcite concretion dis-tributions in a tide-influenced delta front,Wall Creek Mem-ber,Frontier Formation,Wyoming[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,92(2):191-214.
[29]兰朝利,吴峻,张为民,等.冲积沉积构型单元分析法——原理及其适用性[J].地质科技情报,2001,20(2):37-40.
[30]曹辉,郭全仕,唐金良,等.井间地震资料特点分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):312-317.
[31]陈世军,刘洪,周建宇,等.井间地震技术的现状与展望[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):524-529.
[32]曹辉.井间地震技术发展现状[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):6-10.
[33]Qi Lianshuang,Carr T R,Goldstein R H.Geostatistical three-dimensional modeling of oolite shoals,St.Louis Limestone,southwest Kansas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(1):69-96.
[34]侯景儒,尹镇南,李维明,等.实用地质统计学[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.
[35]吴胜和,金振奎,黄沧钿,等.储层建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.
[36]Deutsch C V,Journel A G.GSLIB:Geostatistical softwarelibrary and user's guide[M].London:Oxford UniversityPress,1996:167-179.
[37]于景才,原福堂,邱辉丽,等.测井新技术在复杂岩性地层中的地质应用[J].石油天然气学报,2005,27(2):345-348.
[38]王喜双,甘利灯,易维启,等.油藏地球物理技术进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):606-613.
[39]周丽清,熊琦华,吴胜和.随机建模中相模型的优选验证原则[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(1):68-71.
[40]尹艳树,吴胜和,张昌民,等.用多种随机建模方法综合预测储层微相[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):68-71.
[41]尹艳树,翟瑞,吴胜和.综合多学科信息建模——以港东开发区二区六区块储层微相三维分布模型为例[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(3):408-411.
[42]陈欢庆,朱玉双,李庆印,等.安塞油田杏河区长6油层组沉积微相研究[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(2):295-300.
[2]Ranie L,Elizabeth H.Conceptual model for predicting mud-stone dimensions in sandy braided-river reservoirs[J].AAPGBulletin,2006,90(8):1 273-1 288.
[3]穆龙新.油藏描述的阶段性及特点[J].石油学报,2000,21(5):103-108.
[4]罗平,裘怿楠,贾爱林,等.中国油气储层地质研究面临的挑战和发展方向[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):142-147.
[5]郭秀蓉,程守田,刘星.油藏描述中的小层划分与对比——以垦西油田K71断块东营组为例[J].地质科技情报,2001,20(2):55-58.
[6]赵翰卿.高分辨率层序地层对比与我国的小层对比[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(1):5-12.
[7]杨小萍,刘桂侠,马文杰,等.层序地层学研究现状及发展趋势[J].西北地质,2001,34(2):16-20.
[8]朱筱敏.层序地层学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000.
[9]Vail P R,Audemard F,Bowman S A,et al.The stratigraphicsignatures of tectonics,eustasy and sedimentology:An over-view[C]∥Einsele G,Ricken W,Seilacher A.Cycles and e-vents in stratigraphy.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1991:617-659.
[10]Cross T A.High-resolution,stratigraphic correlation from theperspective of base-level cycles and sediment accommodation[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of Northwestern European sequencestratigraphy congress.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1994:105-123.
[11]van Wagoner J C.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in welllogs,cores and outcrops.AAPG methods in exploration Se-ries7[M].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1990.
[12]Oriol F,Pau A,Andy G,et al.Best practice stochastic faciesmodeling from a channel-fill turbidite sandstone analog(theQuarry outcrop,Eocene Ainsa basin,northeast Spain)[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(7):1 003-1 029.
[13]胡向阳,熊琦华,吴胜和.储层建模方法研究进展[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(1):107-112.
[14]刘军,李少华,汪海涛.应用顺序指示随机模拟法研究沉积微相[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(2):11-46.
[15]裘怿楠,贾爱林.储层地质模型十年[J].石油学报,2000,21(4):101-104.
[16]武军昌,吴胜和,尹伟,等.黄骅坳陷港西开发区新近系明化镇组沉积微相三维建模[J].古地理学报,2002,4(4):39-46.
[17]Matthew J P,Amanda I,Ellison R D,et al.Analysis andmodeling of intermediate-scale reservoir heterogeneity based ona fluvial point-bar outcrop analog,Williams Fork Formation,Piceance Basin,Colorado[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(7):1 025-1 051.
[18]吴胜和,武军昌,李恕军,等.安塞油田坪桥水平井区沉积微相三维建模研究[J].沉积学报,2003,21(2):266-271.
[19]周丽清,赵丽敏,赵国梁,等.高分辨率地震约束相建模[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(3):56-58.
[20]吴胜和,刘英,范峥,等.应用地质和地震信息进行三维沉积微相随机建模[J].古地理学报,2003,5(4):439-449.
[21]胡向阳,熊琦华,吴胜和,等.标点过程随机模拟方法在沉积微相研究中的应用[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2002,26(2):19-30.
[22]Miall A D.Architectural-element analysis:A new method offacies analysis applied to fluvial deposits[J].Earth Science Re-views,1985,22:261-308.
[23]Miall A D.Architectural elements sand bounding surfaces influvial deposits:Anatomy of the Kayenta Formation(LowerJurassic),Southwest Colorado[J].Sedimentary Geology,1988,155:233-262.
[24]Miall A D.The geology of fluvial deposits,sedimentary fa-cies,basin analysis,and petroleum geology[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1996.
[25]Joseph D D,Shankar M.Three-dimensional structural modelof the painter and east painter reservoir structures,Wyomingfold and thrust belt[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(8):1 171-1 185.
[26]Steven J I,John W S.A new conceptual model for the struc-tural evolution of a regional salt detachment on the northeastScotian margin,offshore eastern Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(9):1 407-1 423.
[27]Miall A D.Reconstructing the architecture and sequence stra-tigraphy of the preserved fluvial record as a tool for reservoirdevelopment:A reality check[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(7):989-1 002.
[28]Lee K,Gani M R,McMechan G A,et al.Three-dimensionalfacies architecture and three-dimensional calcite concretion dis-tributions in a tide-influenced delta front,Wall Creek Mem-ber,Frontier Formation,Wyoming[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,92(2):191-214.
[29]兰朝利,吴峻,张为民,等.冲积沉积构型单元分析法——原理及其适用性[J].地质科技情报,2001,20(2):37-40.
[30]曹辉,郭全仕,唐金良,等.井间地震资料特点分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):312-317.
[31]陈世军,刘洪,周建宇,等.井间地震技术的现状与展望[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):524-529.
[32]曹辉.井间地震技术发展现状[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):6-10.
[33]Qi Lianshuang,Carr T R,Goldstein R H.Geostatistical three-dimensional modeling of oolite shoals,St.Louis Limestone,southwest Kansas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(1):69-96.
[34]侯景儒,尹镇南,李维明,等.实用地质统计学[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.
[35]吴胜和,金振奎,黄沧钿,等.储层建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.
[36]Deutsch C V,Journel A G.GSLIB:Geostatistical softwarelibrary and user's guide[M].London:Oxford UniversityPress,1996:167-179.
[37]于景才,原福堂,邱辉丽,等.测井新技术在复杂岩性地层中的地质应用[J].石油天然气学报,2005,27(2):345-348.
[38]王喜双,甘利灯,易维启,等.油藏地球物理技术进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):606-613.
[39]周丽清,熊琦华,吴胜和.随机建模中相模型的优选验证原则[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(1):68-71.
[40]尹艳树,吴胜和,张昌民,等.用多种随机建模方法综合预测储层微相[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):68-71.
[41]尹艳树,翟瑞,吴胜和.综合多学科信息建模——以港东开发区二区六区块储层微相三维分布模型为例[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(3):408-411.
[42]陈欢庆,朱玉双,李庆印,等.安塞油田杏河区长6油层组沉积微相研究[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(2):295-300.
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