水磨沟泥石流基本特征及堵江可能性分析
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摘要
水磨沟位于茂县和汶川交界处,紧邻岷江,根据现场调查,对比分析了水磨沟的震前震后的物源量,并计算了不同频率下泥石流的容重、流量、冲出量等动力学参数。采用岷江上游泥石流堵河可能性的经验判别公式对水磨沟泥石流堵江可能性进行初步分析。研究结果表明,在不同暴雨频率下,泥石流的性质为稀性-黏性,容重为1.73～2.13t/m3,规模属中-大型。通过计算和分析,水磨沟泥石流在区域性降雨条件和局地暴雨条件下,有可能严重堵塞岷江。根据水磨沟泥石流的具体情况和当地经济、社会、生态建设的需要,以及被保护对象的重要性,提出了减灾对策。
After the outbreak of Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008,more debris blockings have been reported.Currently,the research on identification of river blocking due to debris flow is little,and with great limitation.According to site investigation,we used the experience discrimination formula of debris blocking in upper reaches of Minjiang River,to analyze the possibility in Shuimogou Valley located there.The results showed that,in different storm frequencies,the nature of Shuimogou debris flow is from thinning to viscosity,the bulk density is from 1.73 t/m3 to 2.13 t/m3,and the scale is from moderate to large.By calculation and analysis,no matter in regional rainfall or local storm,Shuimogou debris flow might severely block Minjiang River.According to the specific circumstances of Shuimogou debris flow,local economic,social and ecological construction and the importance of the object to be protected,we proposed the mitigation measures.
After the outbreak of Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008,more debris blockings have been reported.Currently,the research on identification of river blocking due to debris flow is little,and with great limitation.According to site investigation,we used the experience discrimination formula of debris blocking in upper reaches of Minjiang River,to analyze the possibility in Shuimogou Valley located there.The results showed that,in different storm frequencies,the nature of Shuimogou debris flow is from thinning to viscosity,the bulk density is from 1.73 t/m3 to 2.13 t/m3,and the scale is from moderate to large.By calculation and analysis,no matter in regional rainfall or local storm,Shuimogou debris flow might severely block Minjiang River.According to the specific circumstances of Shuimogou debris flow,local economic,social and ecological construction and the importance of the object to be protected,we proposed the mitigation measures.
引文
[1]何易平.泥石流对山区河流河床演变的影响[D].成都:中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境所,2003.(HE Ping-yi.The Fluvial ofDebris Flow in Mountain Rivers[D].Chengdu:Institute ofMountain Hazards and Environment,2003.(in Chinese))
[2]朱平一,程尊兰,游勇.川藏公路培龙沟泥石流输砂堵江成因探讨[J].自然灾害学报,2000,9(1):80-83.(ZHU Ping-yi,CHENG Zun-lan,YOU Yong.Research on Causes of RiverBlocking by Sediment Delivery of Peilonggou Gully Debris Nowin The Sichuan-Xizang Highway[J].Journal of Natural Disas-ters,2000,9(1):80-83.(in Chinese))
[3]陈德明,王兆印,何耕.泥石流入汇对河流影响的实验研究[J].泥沙研究,2002,(3):22-28.(CHEN De-ming,WANG Zhao-yin,HE Yun.Experimental Study on The Fluvial Process ofDebris Flow Discharging into a River[J].Journal of SedimentResearch,2002,(3):22-28.(in Chinese))
[4]崔鹏,何易平,陈杰.泥石流输沙及其对山区河道的影响[J].山地学报,2006,24(5):539-549.(CUI Peng,HE Yi-pin,CHENJie.Debris Flow Sediment Transportation and Its Effects onRivers in Mountain Area[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2006,24(5):539-549.(in Chinese))
[5]唐川,黄润秋,黄达,等.金沙江美姑河牛牛坝水电站库区泥石流对工程影响分析[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(2):145-151.(TANG Chuang,HUANG Run-qiu,HUANG Da,ZHANGWei-feng.Impacts of Debris Flows on Reservoir of A Hydro-power Station In The MeiGu River of JingSha-jiang,[J].Jour-nal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(2):145-151.(in Chi-nese))
[6]张金山,沈兴菊,谢洪.泥石流堵河影响因素研究[J].灾害学,2007,22(2):82-86.(ZHANG Jin-shan,SHEN Xing-ju,XIE Hong.Study on Factors Affecting The River-blocking DueTo Debris-flow In The Upper Reaches of Minjiang River[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2007,22(2):82-86.(in Chi-nese))
[7]党超,程尊兰,刘晶晶.泥石流堵塞坝溃决模式实验[J].灾害学,2008,23(3):15-19.(DANG Chao,CHENG Zun-lan,LIUJing-jing.Model Test of Debris-flow Dam Break[J].Journal ofCatastrophology,2008,23(3):15-19.(in Chinese))
[8]张金山,谢洪.岷江上游泥石流堵河可能性的经验公式判别[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(4):651-655.(ZHANGJin-shan,XIE Hong.Calculation of The Possibility of River-Blocking Due To Debris Flow In The Upper Reaches of Min-jiang River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Ba-sin,2008,17(4):651-655.(in Chinese))
[2]朱平一,程尊兰,游勇.川藏公路培龙沟泥石流输砂堵江成因探讨[J].自然灾害学报,2000,9(1):80-83.(ZHU Ping-yi,CHENG Zun-lan,YOU Yong.Research on Causes of RiverBlocking by Sediment Delivery of Peilonggou Gully Debris Nowin The Sichuan-Xizang Highway[J].Journal of Natural Disas-ters,2000,9(1):80-83.(in Chinese))
[3]陈德明,王兆印,何耕.泥石流入汇对河流影响的实验研究[J].泥沙研究,2002,(3):22-28.(CHEN De-ming,WANG Zhao-yin,HE Yun.Experimental Study on The Fluvial Process ofDebris Flow Discharging into a River[J].Journal of SedimentResearch,2002,(3):22-28.(in Chinese))
[4]崔鹏,何易平,陈杰.泥石流输沙及其对山区河道的影响[J].山地学报,2006,24(5):539-549.(CUI Peng,HE Yi-pin,CHENJie.Debris Flow Sediment Transportation and Its Effects onRivers in Mountain Area[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2006,24(5):539-549.(in Chinese))
[5]唐川,黄润秋,黄达,等.金沙江美姑河牛牛坝水电站库区泥石流对工程影响分析[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(2):145-151.(TANG Chuang,HUANG Run-qiu,HUANG Da,ZHANGWei-feng.Impacts of Debris Flows on Reservoir of A Hydro-power Station In The MeiGu River of JingSha-jiang,[J].Jour-nal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(2):145-151.(in Chi-nese))
[6]张金山,沈兴菊,谢洪.泥石流堵河影响因素研究[J].灾害学,2007,22(2):82-86.(ZHANG Jin-shan,SHEN Xing-ju,XIE Hong.Study on Factors Affecting The River-blocking DueTo Debris-flow In The Upper Reaches of Minjiang River[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2007,22(2):82-86.(in Chi-nese))
[7]党超,程尊兰,刘晶晶.泥石流堵塞坝溃决模式实验[J].灾害学,2008,23(3):15-19.(DANG Chao,CHENG Zun-lan,LIUJing-jing.Model Test of Debris-flow Dam Break[J].Journal ofCatastrophology,2008,23(3):15-19.(in Chinese))
[8]张金山,谢洪.岷江上游泥石流堵河可能性的经验公式判别[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(4):651-655.(ZHANGJin-shan,XIE Hong.Calculation of The Possibility of River-Blocking Due To Debris Flow In The Upper Reaches of Min-jiang River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Ba-sin,2008,17(4):651-655.(in Chinese))
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