基于双相介质的地震流体识别
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摘要
为避免间接计算的累积误差,提高储层流体识别精度,根据孔隙弹性介质理论,建立基于弹性阻抗反演的流体因子直接提取方法和固液解耦流体因子叠前地震反演方法。地震波在含烃储层中传播时发生速度频散,根据中观尺度岩石物理理论,提出基于叠前反演的频散属性提取方法,实现频散属性的定量表征,将速度的频散幅度用于流体识别。该方法实际工区应用效果良好。结果表明:以双相介质岩石物理理论为基础建立流体因子,依托叠前地震反演进行储层流体识别的方法精确可靠。
To avoid the cumulative error and to enhance the accuracy of fluid discrimination,a direct extracting approach for fluid factors based on elastic impedance inversion and a novel solid-fluid decoupled way to constructing the fluid factor with poroelastic theory were proposed. Seismic velocity dispersion is persistently observed in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on mesoscopic scale rock physics theory,a dispersion-dependent attribute inversion method was developed for reservoir fluid discrimination by using pre-stack seismic data. This method provides quantitative inversion scheme of the dispersion-dependent attributes with high accuracy. Applications on real data show that this fluid discrimination method which combines fluid factor based on the two-phase media theory and pre-stack seismic inversion is more accurate and stable.
To avoid the cumulative error and to enhance the accuracy of fluid discrimination,a direct extracting approach for fluid factors based on elastic impedance inversion and a novel solid-fluid decoupled way to constructing the fluid factor with poroelastic theory were proposed. Seismic velocity dispersion is persistently observed in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on mesoscopic scale rock physics theory,a dispersion-dependent attribute inversion method was developed for reservoir fluid discrimination by using pre-stack seismic data. This method provides quantitative inversion scheme of the dispersion-dependent attributes with high accuracy. Applications on real data show that this fluid discrimination method which combines fluid factor based on the two-phase media theory and pre-stack seismic inversion is more accurate and stable.
引文
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[13]张世鑫.基于地震信息的流体识别方法研究与应用[D].青岛:中国石油大学地球科学与技术学院,2012.ZHANG Shi-xin.Methodology and application of fluid identification with seismic information[D].Qingdao:School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum,2012.
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[15]HAN D H,BATZLE M.Gassmanns equation and fluidsaturation effects on seismic velocities[J].Geophysics,2004,69(2):398-405.
[16]NUR A,MAVKO G,DVORKIN J,et al.Critical porosity:a key to relating physical properties to porosity in rocks[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(3):374-362.
[2]OSTRANDER W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at nonnormal angles of incidence[J].Geophysics,1984,49(10):1637-1648.
[3]SMITH G C,GIDLOW P M.Weighted Stacking for Rock Property Estimation and Detection of GAS[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35(9):993-1014.
[4]GOODWAY B,CHEN T,DOWNTON J.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysical parameters;“λρ”,μρ,λμfluid stack”,from P and S inversions[C/OL].Expanded Abstract of 67th Annual International SEG Meeting,1997[2012-09-01].http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.188795.
[5]GASSMANN F.Uber die elastizitat poroser medien[J].Vierteljahrsschrift der Natruforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich,1951,96:1-23.
[6]RUSSELL B H,HEDLIN K,HILTERMAN F J,et al.Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:a Biot-Gassmann perspective[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):29-39.
[7]RUSSELL B H,GRAY D,HAMPSON D P.Linearized AVO and poroelasticity[J].Geophysics,2011,76(3):C19-C29.
[8]印兴耀,张世鑫,张繁昌,等.利用基于Russell近似的弹性波阻抗反演进行储层描述和流体识别[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010(3):373-380.YIN Xing-yao,ZHANG Shi-xin,ZHANG Fan-chang,et al.Utilizing Russell approximation based elastic wave impedance inversion to conduct reservoir description and fluid identification[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010(3):373-380.
[9]WILSON A,CHAPMAN M,LI X Y.Frequency-dependent AVO inversion[C/OL].Expanded Abstract of 79th Annual International SEG Meeting,2009[2012-12-10].http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3255572.
[10]CHAPMAN M,LIU E,LI X Y.The influence of fluidsensitive dispersion and attenuation on AVO analysis[J].Geophysical Journal International,2006,167(1):89-105.
[11]吴小羊.基于频谱分析技术的频散AVO反演研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学地球物理与空间信息学院,2010.WU Xiao-yang.Frequency dependent AVO inversion using spectral decomposition techniques[D].Wuhan:Institute of Geophysics&Geomatics,China University of Geosciences,2010.
[12]WANG B L,YIN X Y,ZHANG F C.Laméparameters inversion based on elastic impedance and its application[J].Applied Geophysics,2006,3(3):174-178.
[13]张世鑫.基于地震信息的流体识别方法研究与应用[D].青岛:中国石油大学地球科学与技术学院,2012.ZHANG Shi-xin.Methodology and application of fluid identification with seismic information[D].Qingdao:School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum,2012.
[14]HAN D H,BATZLE M.Gain function and hydrocarbon indicators[C/OL].Expanded Abstract of 73th Annual International SEG Meeting,2003[2011-6-15].http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1817633.
[15]HAN D H,BATZLE M.Gassmanns equation and fluidsaturation effects on seismic velocities[J].Geophysics,2004,69(2):398-405.
[16]NUR A,MAVKO G,DVORKIN J,et al.Critical porosity:a key to relating physical properties to porosity in rocks[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(3):374-362.
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