四川都江堰龙池“8·13”八一沟大型泥石流灾害研究
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摘要
2010年8月13日都江堰龙池八一沟在强降雨(75 mm/h)下导致强大雨水启动沟道及两侧松散堆积物后,冲毁各支沟内的拦挡坝,最终溃决形成规模巨大的过渡性泥石流。在八一沟大型泥石流灾害现场调查的基础上,首先对形成泥石流的地形、水源、物源3个基本条件进行了论述;其次分析了八一沟泥石流的特征和成因;再次计算了泥石流的动静力学参数:容重1.88 g.cm-3左右,泥石流的洪峰流量达1 082 m3.s-1,泥石流的屈服应力在6 700 Pa以上,一次泥石流固体总量为116×104m3,堆积扇上巨石的冲击力为2 449 t;最后分析了泥石流的发展趋势:八一沟流域内还存在大量崩滑体及沟道松散堆积体,在强降雨作用下,很容易再次启动,形成泥石流,造成灾害。
Based on field investigation and analysis,the formation conditions of the debris flow occurred in Bayi Gully,LongChi,Dujiangyan,like topography,water source and sediment source,were analyzed.The characteristics and formation of debris flow were elaborated and dynamic parameters were calculated,which were the density of 1.88 g·cm-3,discharge of 1 082 m3·s-1,and yield stress of debris flows more than 6 700 Pa.The total volume of sediment in debris flows were estimated at 116×104 m3,the large boulder involving in debris flows in depositional fans have powerful impact force.Finally,the development trend of the debris flow was predicted.Because there are a lot of collapse and landslide in the drainage basins,so it have maximum possibility of happening large-scale debris flow in continuous heavy rainfall.
Based on field investigation and analysis,the formation conditions of the debris flow occurred in Bayi Gully,LongChi,Dujiangyan,like topography,water source and sediment source,were analyzed.The characteristics and formation of debris flow were elaborated and dynamic parameters were calculated,which were the density of 1.88 g·cm-3,discharge of 1 082 m3·s-1,and yield stress of debris flows more than 6 700 Pa.The total volume of sediment in debris flows were estimated at 116×104 m3,the large boulder involving in debris flows in depositional fans have powerful impact force.Finally,the development trend of the debris flow was predicted.Because there are a lot of collapse and landslide in the drainage basins,so it have maximum possibility of happening large-scale debris flow in continuous heavy rainfall.
引文
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[2]Zhang Ziguang,Zhang Zhiming,Zhang Shunbin.Formationconditions and dynamics features of the debris flow in BayiGully in Dujiangyan County[J].The Chinese Journal of Ge-ological Hazard and Control,2010,21(1):34-38[张自光,张志明,张顺斌.都江堰市八一沟泥石流形成条件与动力学特征分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(1):34-38.]
[3]四川省地质工程勘察院.四川省都江堰市龙池镇“8.13”暴雨地质灾害排查报告[R].2010.
[4]四川省地质局区域地质测量队.1∶20万灌县幅区域地质调查报告[R].1976.
[5]Yu Bin.Research on the calculating density by the depositof debris flows[J].ACTA Sedimentoloical Sinica,2008,26(5):789-796.[余斌.根据泥石流沉积物计算泥石流容重的方法研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(5):789-796.]
[6]Yu Bin.Study on the method for deposition depth calcula-tion of debris flow with different densities[J].Journal ofDisaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,23(2):78-92.[余斌.不同容重的泥石流淤积厚度计算方法研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,23(2):78-92.]
[7]DZ/T0220—2006泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范[S].2006.
[8]Yu Bin.Study on the mean velocity of viscous debris flows[J].Advances in Earth Science,2008,23(5):524-532.[余斌.粘性泥石流的平均运动速度研究[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(5):524-532.]
[9]Zhang Jiannan,Ma Yu,Zhang Huihui,et al.Study on earth-quake debris flow in Dagan Gully,Dujiangyan,Sichuan[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2010,28(5):623-627[张健楠,马煜,张惠惠,等.四川省都江堰市大干沟地震泥石流[J].山地学报,2010,28(5):623-627.]
[10]章书成,Oldrich Hungr,Olav Slaymaker.泥石流中巨石冲击力计算[M]//杜榕桓.泥石流观测与研究.北京:科学出版社,1996:67-72.
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