中国新疆天山博阿断裂晚第四纪右旋走滑运动特征
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摘要
利用遥感资料 ,通过野外实地考察并结合气候地貌事件的分析 ,对斜切北天山、长逾70 0km的博阿断裂 (博罗科努 -阿齐克库都克断裂 )的右旋走滑运动进行了定量研究。该断裂分为西部NW向断裂和东部NWW向断裂。西部NW向断裂长近 2 5 0km ,向西北延伸进入哈萨克斯坦 ,右旋走滑速率可达 5mm/a ;由 4～ 5个断裂段组成 ,其上发育 3～ 4条古地震或历史地震形变带 ,显示具有发生 7.5级地震的能力。东部NWW向断裂右旋走滑速率 1～ 1.4mm/a ;其上发现小规模古地震形变带 ,显示具备发生 7级左右地震的能力。该断裂与山前的逆冲推覆构造之间构成典型的挤压区应变分配形式 ,即在斜向挤压作用下 ,变形分配为山前的逆冲推覆构造和山内的走滑断裂。
The Bolokenu Aqikekuduke Fault extends over 700km and obliquely cuts the North Tian Shan. The fault is quantitatively studied in this paper based on remote sensing data, field observation, and the analyses of the relationship between the morphology and the climate change. The fault is composed of two portions, the NW striking western portion and the NWW striking eastern portion. The western portion is right lateral strike slip with a rate of 5mm/a, having a length of about 250km and extending northwestward into the Kazakhstan. Along the fault 3～4 rupture zones produced by Paleoearthquakes or historic earthquakes were found. It has the potential for generating strong earthquakes of Magnitude around 7.5. The NWW striking fault of east portions is dominated by right lateral slip with a rate of 1～1.4mm/a. Relatively small rupture zones, no more than 10km long, were found along this fault. It has the potential for generating strong earthquake of magnitude around 7. The western section of the Bolokenu Aqikekuduke Fault is one of the major NW striking right lateral strike slip faults in central Asia, and it is the result of the regional clockwise shearing. It accommodates the different deformations between western and eastern Tianshan and transforms the tectonic deformation among different compressive area. The NWW striking fault of eastern section was developed from the NWW striking suture zone in Northern Tianshan. It is accompanied by the E W striking thrust system in the front of the mountains and makes up a typical strain partitioning style of the oblique compressive belt. The strain in the oblique compressive belt is partitioned into pediment thrust belt and intermontane strike slip fault. They transform the deformation laterally along the mountains and directly toward the foreland basin.
The Bolokenu Aqikekuduke Fault extends over 700km and obliquely cuts the North Tian Shan. The fault is quantitatively studied in this paper based on remote sensing data, field observation, and the analyses of the relationship between the morphology and the climate change. The fault is composed of two portions, the NW striking western portion and the NWW striking eastern portion. The western portion is right lateral strike slip with a rate of 5mm/a, having a length of about 250km and extending northwestward into the Kazakhstan. Along the fault 3～4 rupture zones produced by Paleoearthquakes or historic earthquakes were found. It has the potential for generating strong earthquakes of Magnitude around 7.5. The NWW striking fault of east portions is dominated by right lateral slip with a rate of 1～1.4mm/a. Relatively small rupture zones, no more than 10km long, were found along this fault. It has the potential for generating strong earthquake of magnitude around 7. The western section of the Bolokenu Aqikekuduke Fault is one of the major NW striking right lateral strike slip faults in central Asia, and it is the result of the regional clockwise shearing. It accommodates the different deformations between western and eastern Tianshan and transforms the tectonic deformation among different compressive area. The NWW striking fault of eastern section was developed from the NWW striking suture zone in Northern Tianshan. It is accompanied by the E W striking thrust system in the front of the mountains and makes up a typical strain partitioning style of the oblique compressive belt. The strain in the oblique compressive belt is partitioned into pediment thrust belt and intermontane strike slip fault. They transform the deformation laterally along the mountains and directly toward the foreland basin.
引文
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张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,等.1995.天山北麓的冰水冲洪积地貌与新构造运动〔A〕.见:中国地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.63—78.
ZHANGPei zhen,DENGQi dong,YANGXiao ping,etal.1995.Glaciofluvialgeomorphologyandneotectonicsa longtherange frontoftheNorthernTianshan〔A〕.In:InstituteofGeology,CSB (ed).ResearchonActiveFault(4).SeismologicalPress,Beijing.63—78(inChinese).
AvouceJP ,TapponnieretP ,BaiM ,etal.1993.ActivethrustingandfoldingalongtheNorthTianshan,andlatecenozoicrotationoftheTarimrelativetoDzhungariaandKazakhstan〔J〕.JourGeophysRes,98(B4):6755—6804.
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YinA ,etal.1998.LateCenozoicevolut
DENGQi dong,FENGXian yue,ZHANGPei zhen,etal.2000.ActiveTectonicsoftheChineseTianshanMoun tains〔M〕.SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
冯先岳,邓起东,石监邦,等.1991.天山南北缘活动构造及其演化〔A〕.见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(1).北京:地震出版社.1—16.
FENGXian yue,DENGQi dong,SHIJian bang,etal.1991.ActiveTectonicsoftheSouthernandNorthernTianshananditsTectonicEvolution〔A〕.In:InstituteofGeology,SSB(ed).ResearchonActiveFault(1).SeismologicalPress,Beijing.1—16(inChinese).
冯先岳.1987.天山的活动断裂〔J〕.中国地震,2(2):84—89.
FENGXian yue.1987.ActivefaultsoftheChineseTianshanMountains〔J〕.EarthquakeResearchinChina,2(2):84—89(inChinese).
李向东.1993.新疆晚古生代洋盆演化与推覆构造〔J〕.新疆地质,11(3):207—214.
LIXiang dong.1993.EvolutionoftheoceanicbasinoflatePaleozoicandnappestructureofthenorthTianshan,Xinjiang〔J〕.XinjiangGeology,11(3):207—214(inChinese).
沈军,杨晓平.1998.博罗科努断裂西北段古地震形变带初步研究〔J〕.内陆地震,12(3):248—255.
SHENJun,YANGXiao ping.1998.ApreliminarystudyonthepaleoearthquakerupturebeltonthenorthwesternsectionofBolohkenuFault〔J〕.InlandEarthquake,12(3):248—255(inChinese).
沈军.1998.准噶尔盆地南北两侧新构造运动特征对比〔D〕:〔学位论文〕.北京:中国地震局地质研究所.
SHENJun.1998.AcomparativestudyontheneotectonismofthenorthernandsouthernmarginoftheJunggarBasin,Xinjiang,China〔D〕.PhDdissertation.InstituteofGeology,CSB ,Beijing(inChinese).
王润三,王居里.1993.新疆中天山北缘胜利达坂韧性剪切带〔J〕.新疆地质,10(3):204—210.
WANGRun san,WANGJu li.1992.ShenliDabanductileshearzoneonthenorthernmarginofthecentralTian shanTectonicBelt,Xinjiang〔J〕.XinjiangGeology,10(3):204—210(inChinese).
汪一鹏,沈军.2001.天山北麓活动构造基本特征〔J〕.新疆地质,18(3):203—210.
WANGYi peng,SHENJun.2000.BasicfeaturesoftheactivestructuresatthenorthernfoothillofTianshan,China〔J〕.XinjiangGeology,18(3):203—210(inChinese).
新疆维吾尔自治区地震局.1985.新疆维吾尔族自治区地震资料汇编〔Z〕.北京:地震出版社.
SeismologicalBureauofXinjiangUgyrAutonomousRegion.1985.CollectionofEarthquakeInformationofXinjiangUgyrAutonomousregion〔Z〕.SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
杨晓平,沈军.2000.天山内部博罗科努断裂精河阿拉山口段晚更新世以来的活动特征〔J〕.地震地质,22(3):305—315.
YANGXiao ping,SHENJun.2000.LateQuaternaryactivityofJinheAlashankouSectionoftheBolohkenufault,interiorTianshan〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,22(3):305—315(inChinese).
尹功明,赵华,沈军,等.1999.天山北麓三个泉河河流阶地的光释光测年〔A〕.见:中国地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(7).北京:地震出版社.49—57.
YINGong ming,ZHAOHua,SHENJun,etal.1999.OpticallyStimulatedLuminescencedatingfortheterracesedimentsofSangequanRiver,NorthernTianshan〔A〕.In:InstituteofGeology,CSB(ed).ResearchonActiveFault(7).SeismologicalPress,Beijing.49—57(inChinese).
张培震,邓起东,徐锡伟,等.1994.盲断裂褶皱地震与1906年新疆玛纳斯地震〔J〕.地震地质,16(3):193—204.
ZHANGPei zhen,DENGQi dong,XUXi wei,etal.1994.Blindthrust foldingearthquakeandthe1906Manasearthquake,Xinjiang〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,16(3):193—204(inChinese).
张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,等.1995.天山北麓的冰水冲洪积地貌与新构造运动〔A〕.见:中国地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.63—78.
ZHANGPei zhen,DENGQi dong,YANGXiao ping,etal.1995.Glaciofluvialgeomorphologyandneotectonicsa longtherange frontoftheNorthernTianshan〔A〕.In:InstituteofGeology,CSB (ed).ResearchonActiveFault(4).SeismologicalPress,Beijing.63—78(inChinese).
AvouceJP ,TapponnieretP ,BaiM ,etal.1993.ActivethrustingandfoldingalongtheNorthTianshan,andlatecenozoicrotationoftheTarimrelativetoDzhungariaandKazakhstan〔J〕.JourGeophysRes,98(B4):6755—6804.
BurtmanVS ,SkobelovSF ,MolnarP .1995.LateCenozoicslipontheTalasFerganaright lateralfault,TienShan,CentralAsia〔J〕.GeoSocAmerBull,108(8):1004—1021
MolnarP .1992.BraceGoetzestrengthprofiles,thepartitionofstrike slipandthrustfaultingatzonesofobliquecon vergence,andthestress heatflowparadoxoftheAndreasfaults〔A〕.In:.EvansB ,WongT F .(eds).FaultmechanicsandTransportPropertiesofRocks.435—457.
YinA ,etal.1998.LateCenozoicevolut
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