低勘探程度盆地烃源岩早期评价——以南黄海北部盆地东北凹为例
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摘要
低勘探程度领域(深层、深水和新区)是今后油气勘探的重要方向,而烃源岩的发育程度及其质量是该领域早期评价的核心问题。基于地质类比原理,综合运用地球物理及盆地模拟等方法技术,对南黄海北部盆地勘探新区——东北凹的烃源岩进行了早期预测及评价。结果表明,东北凹泰州组烃源岩分布广泛,有机质丰度高,有机质类型好,成熟度高,是凹陷主力烃源岩系,其中以西次洼生烃潜力最大。并在此基础上总结出了一套适用于低勘探程度领域烃源岩早期评价的方法体系,即类比分析地震反射特征及烃源岩质量确定主力烃源岩发育层位;利用地震属性方法确定烃源岩厚度;运用含油气盆地动态数值模拟确定烃源岩成熟度;烃源岩综合评价优选次洼。
The low-exploration fields including deep formation,deep water and new-exploration areas are important for petroleum exploration in future.The prediction of source rocks is critical for the preliminary evaluation of low-exploration fields.The source rocks of the northeast sag in Northern South Yellow Sea Basin were evaluated and predicted on the basis of well data from the adjacent homologous depression and the geological comparison principle by comprehensively using the geophysical method and basin modeling technique.The source rock of Taizhou Formation is the most important interval for hydrocarbon generation in the northeast sag of the Northern South Yellow Sea Basin.This formation is characterized with high abundance and fine type of organic matter,huge thickness and high maturity.Apparently the western sub-sag in the northeast sag is the most important hydrocarbon kitchen.A new evaluation system for source rocks was presented in low-exploration activity fields.The main formation of source rocks can be determined by the analogy analysis of seismic reflection characteristics and the quality of source rocks in adjacent homologous depression.The thickness of source rocks can be determined with seismic attribution method.The maturation of source rocks can be predicted with the basin modeling technique.The comprehensive evaluation of source rock can be used to select the optimum hydrocarbon-generation sag.
The low-exploration fields including deep formation,deep water and new-exploration areas are important for petroleum exploration in future.The prediction of source rocks is critical for the preliminary evaluation of low-exploration fields.The source rocks of the northeast sag in Northern South Yellow Sea Basin were evaluated and predicted on the basis of well data from the adjacent homologous depression and the geological comparison principle by comprehensively using the geophysical method and basin modeling technique.The source rock of Taizhou Formation is the most important interval for hydrocarbon generation in the northeast sag of the Northern South Yellow Sea Basin.This formation is characterized with high abundance and fine type of organic matter,huge thickness and high maturity.Apparently the western sub-sag in the northeast sag is the most important hydrocarbon kitchen.A new evaluation system for source rocks was presented in low-exploration activity fields.The main formation of source rocks can be determined by the analogy analysis of seismic reflection characteristics and the quality of source rocks in adjacent homologous depression.The thickness of source rocks can be determined with seismic attribution method.The maturation of source rocks can be predicted with the basin modeling technique.The comprehensive evaluation of source rock can be used to select the optimum hydrocarbon-generation sag.
引文
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[4]张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区———南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.Zhang Gongcheng,Mi Lijun,Wu Shiguo,et al.Deepwater area—the new prospecting targets of northern continental margin ofSouth China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):15-21.
[5]刘震,常迈,赵阳,等.低勘探程度盆地烃源岩早期预测方法研究[J].地学前缘,2007,14(4):159-167.Liu Zhen,Chang Mai,Zhao Yang,et al.Method of early predic-tion on source rocks in basins with low exploration activity[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(4):159-167.
[6]郝石生.我国有机地球化学的发展与瞻望[J].沉积学报,1997,15(2):125.Hao Shisheng.Developments and expectation of organic geo-chemistry in China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1997,15(2):125.
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[8]李贤庆,熊波,马安来,等.有机岩石学在油气勘探评价中的应用进展[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(1):15-19.Li Xianqing,Xiong Bo,Ma Anlai,et al.Advancement of organicpetrology in oil and gas exploration[J].Journal of Jianghan Pe-troleum Institute,2002,24(1):15-19.
[9]王飞宇.超微层次有机岩石学及其在烃源岩评价中的应用[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1995,19(增刊):112-117.Wang Feiyu.Submicro-level organic petrology and application inthe assessment of source rocks[J].Journal of the University ofPetroleum,China:Edition of Nature Science,1995,19(supple-ment):112-117.
[10]张寒,朱光有.利用地震和测井信息预测和评价烃源岩———以渤海湾盆地富油凹陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(1):55-59.Zhang Han,Zhu Guangyou.Using seismic and log information topredict and evaluate hydrocarbon source rocks:An example fromrich oil depressions in Bohai Bay[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2007,34(1):55-59.
[11]王方雄,侯英姿,夏季.烃源岩测井评价新进展[J].测井技术,2002,26(2):89-93.Wang Fangxiong,Hou Yingzi,Xia Ji.New advances in hydrocar-bon source rocks evaluation[J].Well Logging Technology,2002,26(2):89-93.
[12]操应长,姜在兴,夏斌,等.声波时差测井资料识别层序地层单元界面的方法、原理及实例[J].沉积学报,2003,21(2):318-323.Cao Yingchang,Jiang Zaixing,Xia Bin,et al.Method,principleand example of identifying sequence stratigraphical boundary u-sing sonic logging[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(2):318-323.
[13]王胜利,卢华复,李刚,等.南黄海盆地北部凹陷古近纪伸展断层转折褶皱作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(4):495-503.Wang Shengli,Lu Huafu,Li Gang,et al.Paleogene extensionalfault-bend folding in north depression of southern Yellow Sea ba-sin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(4):495-503.
[14]张艳,王璞?,陈文礼,等.低程度勘探区有效烃源岩的识别与平面成图———以塔里木盆地孔雀河地区为例[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007,37(3):463-468.Zhang Yan,Wang Pujun,Chen Wenli,et al.Identification andmapping of the effective source rocks———take the Kongquehe ar-ea of the Tarim Basin as an example[J].Journal of Jilin Universi-ty:Earth Science Edition,2007,37(3):463-468.
[15]郭建宇,张大林,邓宏文,等.低勘探程度区域油气资源评价方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(6):43-45.Guo Jianyu,Zhang Dalin,Deng Hongwen,et al.Resource assess-ment methodology of oil and gas in the areas of low-degree pros-pecting[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006,13(6):43-45.
[16]金博,刘震,邬长武,等.地震速度岩性解释系统的应用———以准噶尔盆地东部阜东斜坡带为例[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(1):47-49.Jin Bo,Liu Zhen,Wu Changwu,et al.Prediction of seismic veloc-ity or lithology in Fudong Slope Belt in Eastern Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(1):47-49.
[17]刘震,高先志,曾洪流.辽东湾地区下第三系地震速度—岩性预测模型研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1993,13(4):25-34.Liu Zhen,Gao Xianzhi,Zeng Hongliu.Research on seismic velocity-lithology prediction model for Eocene of the Liaodong Bay[J].MarineGeology&Quaternary Geology,1993,13(4):25-34.
[18]Yilmaz O.Seismic data analysis:Processing,inversion,and inter-pretation of seismic data[M].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geo-physics,2001.
[19]曹辉.关于地震属性应用的几点认识[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):18-22.Cao Hui.Discussion on the application of seismic attributes[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(5):18-22.
[20]马中高,管路平,贺振华,等.利用模型正演优选地震属性进行储层预测[J].石油学报,2003,24(6):35-39.Ma Zhonggao,Guan Luping,He Zhenhua,et al.Reservoir char-acterization using seismic attributes optimized with rock physicsmodeling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(6):35-39.
[21]曹学良,曹延军,姜传恩,等.胡状集地区地震岩性反演与储层预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(3):225-229.Cao Xueliang,Cao Yanjun,Jiang Chuan’en,et al.Seismic lithol-ogic inversion and reservoir prediction of Huzhuangji region[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2001,22(3):225-229.
[22]Chen Q,Sidney S.Seismic attribute technology for reservoir forecas-ting and monitoring[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(5):445-450.
[23]张延玲,杨长春,贾曙光.地震属性技术的研究和应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1129-1133.Zhang Yanling,Yang Changchun,Jia Shuguang.The applicationof the seismic attributes[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1129-1133.
[24]孙家振,李兰斌.地震地质综合解释教程[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002.Sun Jiazhen,Li Lanbin.Comprehensive tutorial on seismic andgeological interpretation[M].Wuhan:China University of Geo-sciences Press,2002.
[25]韩文功,印兴耀,李振春,等.地震技术新进展[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.Han Wengong,Yin Xingyao,Li Zhenchun,et al.New progress inseismic technique[M].Dongying:China University of PetroleumPress,2006.
[26]李明,侯连华,邹才能,等.岩性地层油气藏地球物理勘探技术与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.Li Ming,Hou Lianhua,Zou Caineng,et al.Introduction and ap-plication of geophysical exploratory technique in lithologic andstratigraphic hydrocarbon reservoir[M].Beijing:Petroleum In-dustry Press,2005.
[27]段玉顺,李芳.地震相的自动识别方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(2):158-162.Duan Yushun,Li Fang.Automatic identification of seismic faciesand application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(2):158-162.
[28]武文来.地震相控预测技术及其在QHD32-6油田的应用[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(3):157-161.Wu Wenlai.A technique of seismic facies-controlled predictionand its application in QHD32-6oilfield[J].China Offshore Oiland Gas,2008,20(3):157-161.
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