基于余弦函数的自适应单频干扰消除
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摘要
在野外地震数据采集过程中,如果地震测线上空有高压输电线通过时,在地震记录中就存在一个50HZ左右强单频千扰.这种干扰在地震记录的整个时间段上具有很强的能量,并且从浅层到深层频率、相位和振幅可能不相同,但是它们的变化不太大,可以认为基本保持不变.采用频率域压制方法很难完全消除这种干扰,仅仅是噪声和信号同时压制一定的倍数,因此并没有改善单频分量频率附近的信噪比.我们提出了基于余弦函数的自适应单频干扰消除方法,以有效消除地震数据单频干扰.在时间域内采用频率、时延和振幅的余弦函数来逼近这种单频干扰并从地震记录中减去,以实现消除这种单频干扰的目的.单频干扰余弦函数的振幅使用公式直接计算,单频干扰频率和时延采用自适应方法估算.本方法的最大优点就是能够有效消除干扰,而并不伤害干扰附近有效信号.因此在单频干扰频率分量附近数据信噪比提高了.通过实际数据的试算,说明了本方法的有效性和可行性.
There is a strong mono-frequency interference around 50Hz in seismic records when a high-tension line crosses over a seismic line in the process of field seismic data acquisition. This interference has strong energy over whole time period of seismic records, and its frequency, phase and amplitude can be different from the shallow layer to the deep one. But their variations are not much too great, so they can be basically considered to maintain invariable. Adopting suppression method in frequency domain interference and signal have been only suppressed at certain amount simultaneously and the interference has hardly been removed, that is to say, signal-to-noise ratio has not been yet improved in the vicinity of mono-frequency component. So, a technique of the elimination of adaptive mono-frequency interference based on cosine function ( EAMFI ) is proposed to eliminate this interference in the seismic data. The mono-frequency interference is first expressed as a cosine function about frequency, time-lag, and amplitude in lime domain, then we estimate the frequency and time-lag of the mono-frequency interference using an adaptive method, and directly compute the amplitude of the mono-frequency interference using the formula of the amplitude computation, as well as the mono-frequency interference wave, finally subtract it from seismic record for the purpose of eliminating the interference wave. The most major advantage of this method is that only interference wave with mono-frequency component has been quickly and effectively eliminated, and useful signal has not been harmed, so the signal-to-noise ratio has been improved in the vicinity of mono-frequency component. We show that this method is feasible and effective through real data examples.
There is a strong mono-frequency interference around 50Hz in seismic records when a high-tension line crosses over a seismic line in the process of field seismic data acquisition. This interference has strong energy over whole time period of seismic records, and its frequency, phase and amplitude can be different from the shallow layer to the deep one. But their variations are not much too great, so they can be basically considered to maintain invariable. Adopting suppression method in frequency domain interference and signal have been only suppressed at certain amount simultaneously and the interference has hardly been removed, that is to say, signal-to-noise ratio has not been yet improved in the vicinity of mono-frequency component. So, a technique of the elimination of adaptive mono-frequency interference based on cosine function ( EAMFI ) is proposed to eliminate this interference in the seismic data. The mono-frequency interference is first expressed as a cosine function about frequency, time-lag, and amplitude in lime domain, then we estimate the frequency and time-lag of the mono-frequency interference using an adaptive method, and directly compute the amplitude of the mono-frequency interference using the formula of the amplitude computation, as well as the mono-frequency interference wave, finally subtract it from seismic record for the purpose of eliminating the interference wave. The most major advantage of this method is that only interference wave with mono-frequency component has been quickly and effectively eliminated, and useful signal has not been harmed, so the signal-to-noise ratio has been improved in the vicinity of mono-frequency component. We show that this method is feasible and effective through real data examples.
引文
[1] 李振春,王清振.地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4) :1147-1152． Li Z C, Wang Z. A review of research on mechanism of seismic attenuation and energy compensation[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(4) :1147-1152．
[2] 李子顺.地震波衰减规律及其恢复方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1545-1551． Li Z S. Seismic wave attenuation and recovering method[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(5) : 1545-1551．
[3] 马宏生,汪素云,裴顺平,刘杰,华卫,周龙泉.川滇及周边地区地壳横波衰减的成像研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :465-471 Ma H S, Wang S Y, Pei S P, Liu J, Hua W, Zhou L Q. A tomography of S wave attenuation in Sichuan-Yunnan and adjacent regions[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),2007, 50(2) :465-471
[4] 陈文超,高静怀.基于改进的最佳匹配地震子波的地震资料衰减特性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :837-843． Chen W C, Gao J H. Characteristic analysis of seismic attenuation using MBMSW wavelcts[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007, 50(3) :837-843．
[5] 高静怀,毛剑,满蔚仕,陈文超,郑庆庆.叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1155-1163． Gao J H, Mao J, Man W S, Chen W C, Zheng Q Q. On the denoising method of prestack seismic data in wavelet domain [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2006 , 49(4) : 1155-1163．
[6] 徐平,王宝善,张尉,林建民,陈顒.利用互相关函数求地震波衰减[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1738-1744． Xu P, Wang B S, Zhang W, Lin J M, Chen Y. Estimating seismic attenuation using cross-correlation function [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49 (6) :1738-1744．
[7] 马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1074-1082． Ma Z J, Liu Y. A summary of research on seismic attenuation [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005 , 20(4) : 1074-1082．
[8] 金雷,李月,杨宝俊.用时频峰值滤波方法消减地震勘探资料中随机噪声的初步研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3) :724-728． Jin L, Li Y, Yang J. Reduction of random noise for seismic data by time-frequency peak filtering [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005 ,20(3) :724-728．
[9] 张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法、技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1083-1091． Zhang J H, L(?) N, Tian L Y, et al. An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) , 2005,20(4) :1083-1091．
[10] 陈贇,高乐,赵烽帆.一种基于频率域偏振分析提高三分量地震资料信噪比的方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :255-261． Chen Y, Gao L, Zhao F F. A method to enhance the signal/noise ratio of three-component seismic data based on the polarization analysis in frequency domain[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) , 2007,22(1) :255-261．
[11] 姜弢,林君,李桐林,陈祖斌,张林行.相控震源对地震信号信噪比的改善研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1819-1825 Jiang T, Lin J, Li T L, Chen Z B, Zhang L H. Boosting signal to noise ratio of seismic signals using the phased-array vibrator system[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49(6) : 1819-1825
[12] 李文莲,邓辉,闫立志.鄂尔多斯盆地北部低信噪比资料的高分辨率处理[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1059-1066． Li W L, Deng H, Yan L Z. A high-resolution procedure of low SNR data for North Ordos basin[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) , 2005,20(4) :1059-1066．
[13] 王海燕,高锐,马永生,朱铉,等.若尔盖盆地-西秦岭造山带结合部位深反射资料的静校正和去噪技术[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :743-749． Wang H Y,Gao R,Ma Y S, Zhu X,et al. Static correction and noise removal for deep seismic reflection data from the contact zone of the Zoige and the west Qinling orogen[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) , 2007 ,22(3) : 743-749．
[14] 张文坡,陈湛文.线性化空间变换叠前与叠后地震记录去噪方法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :190-193． Zhang W P, Chen Z W. Denoise method for prestack and poststack seismic records by linear spatial transformation[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) , 2006,21(1) :190-193．
[15] 柳建新,韩世礼,马捷.小波分析在地震资料去噪中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :541-545． LIU J X, HAN S L, MA J. Application of wavelet analysis in seismic data denoising [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006 ,21(2) :541-545．
[16] 凌云,郭向宇.非地表一致性噪声的压制[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(1) :13-28． Ling Y and Guo X Y. Method for suppressing the non- surface-consistent noise [J]. OGP, 1992, 27(1) : 13-28．
[17] 高少武,周兴元,蔡加铭.时间域单频干扰压制[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1) :51-55． Gao S W, Zhou X Y, and Cai C M. Suppression of single-frequency interference wave in time domain [J]. OGP, 2001, 36(1) :51-55．
[18] Alan V O,Ronald W S.离散时间信号处理[M].黄建国,刘树棠.北京:科学出版社,1998:576-588． Alan. V. O, Ronald W S. Discrete-Time Signal Processing [M]. Huang J G, Liu S C. Beijing: Science Press, 1998:576-588．
[19] 刘洋.强工频干扰波的提取与消除方法[J].石油物探,2003,42(2) :154-159． Liu Y. Extraction and removal of strong power interference [J]. GPP, 2003, 42(2) : 154-159．
[20] Sauicer A, Marchant M, Chouteau M, A fast and accurate frequency estimation method for canceling harmonic noise in geophysical records[J]. Geophysics, 2006, 71(1) :7-18．
[21] Nyman D C, Gaiser J E. Adaptive rejection of high-line contamination [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 53~(rd) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1983, 321-323．
[22] Karl E B, Russell D R. Subtraction of powerline harmonics from geophysical records[J]. Geophysics, 1993, 58(6) : 898-903．
[23] 高少武,贺振华,赵波,周兴元,侯爱源.时间域单频干扰波消除方法的改进[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3) :270-273． Gao S W, He Z H, Zhao B, Zhou X Y, and Hou A Y. Improvement of method eliminating single-frequency interference wave in time domain [J]. OGP, 2008, 43(3) :270-273．
[24] 高少武,贺振华,赵波,周兴元,侯爱源.自适应单频干扰波识别与消除方法研究[J].石油物探,2008 47(4) :352-356． Gao S W, He Z H, Zhao B, Zhou X Y, and Hou A Y. Identification and elimination of adaptive monofrequency interference wave [J]. GPP, 2008, 47 (4) : 352-356．
[25] Haykin S. Adaptive filter theory [M]. Third edition. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 1998: 339-350．
[2] 李子顺.地震波衰减规律及其恢复方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1545-1551． Li Z S. Seismic wave attenuation and recovering method[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(5) : 1545-1551．
[3] 马宏生,汪素云,裴顺平,刘杰,华卫,周龙泉.川滇及周边地区地壳横波衰减的成像研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :465-471 Ma H S, Wang S Y, Pei S P, Liu J, Hua W, Zhou L Q. A tomography of S wave attenuation in Sichuan-Yunnan and adjacent regions[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),2007, 50(2) :465-471
[4] 陈文超,高静怀.基于改进的最佳匹配地震子波的地震资料衰减特性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :837-843． Chen W C, Gao J H. Characteristic analysis of seismic attenuation using MBMSW wavelcts[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007, 50(3) :837-843．
[5] 高静怀,毛剑,满蔚仕,陈文超,郑庆庆.叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1155-1163． Gao J H, Mao J, Man W S, Chen W C, Zheng Q Q. On the denoising method of prestack seismic data in wavelet domain [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2006 , 49(4) : 1155-1163．
[6] 徐平,王宝善,张尉,林建民,陈顒.利用互相关函数求地震波衰减[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1738-1744． Xu P, Wang B S, Zhang W, Lin J M, Chen Y. Estimating seismic attenuation using cross-correlation function [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49 (6) :1738-1744．
[7] 马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1074-1082． Ma Z J, Liu Y. A summary of research on seismic attenuation [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005 , 20(4) : 1074-1082．
[8] 金雷,李月,杨宝俊.用时频峰值滤波方法消减地震勘探资料中随机噪声的初步研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3) :724-728． Jin L, Li Y, Yang J. Reduction of random noise for seismic data by time-frequency peak filtering [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005 ,20(3) :724-728．
[9] 张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法、技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1083-1091． Zhang J H, L(?) N, Tian L Y, et al. An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) , 2005,20(4) :1083-1091．
[10] 陈贇,高乐,赵烽帆.一种基于频率域偏振分析提高三分量地震资料信噪比的方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :255-261． Chen Y, Gao L, Zhao F F. A method to enhance the signal/noise ratio of three-component seismic data based on the polarization analysis in frequency domain[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) , 2007,22(1) :255-261．
[11] 姜弢,林君,李桐林,陈祖斌,张林行.相控震源对地震信号信噪比的改善研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1819-1825 Jiang T, Lin J, Li T L, Chen Z B, Zhang L H. Boosting signal to noise ratio of seismic signals using the phased-array vibrator system[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49(6) : 1819-1825
[12] 李文莲,邓辉,闫立志.鄂尔多斯盆地北部低信噪比资料的高分辨率处理[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1059-1066． Li W L, Deng H, Yan L Z. A high-resolution procedure of low SNR data for North Ordos basin[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) , 2005,20(4) :1059-1066．
[13] 王海燕,高锐,马永生,朱铉,等.若尔盖盆地-西秦岭造山带结合部位深反射资料的静校正和去噪技术[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :743-749． Wang H Y,Gao R,Ma Y S, Zhu X,et al. Static correction and noise removal for deep seismic reflection data from the contact zone of the Zoige and the west Qinling orogen[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) , 2007 ,22(3) : 743-749．
[14] 张文坡,陈湛文.线性化空间变换叠前与叠后地震记录去噪方法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :190-193． Zhang W P, Chen Z W. Denoise method for prestack and poststack seismic records by linear spatial transformation[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) , 2006,21(1) :190-193．
[15] 柳建新,韩世礼,马捷.小波分析在地震资料去噪中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :541-545． LIU J X, HAN S L, MA J. Application of wavelet analysis in seismic data denoising [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006 ,21(2) :541-545．
[16] 凌云,郭向宇.非地表一致性噪声的压制[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(1) :13-28． Ling Y and Guo X Y. Method for suppressing the non- surface-consistent noise [J]. OGP, 1992, 27(1) : 13-28．
[17] 高少武,周兴元,蔡加铭.时间域单频干扰压制[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1) :51-55． Gao S W, Zhou X Y, and Cai C M. Suppression of single-frequency interference wave in time domain [J]. OGP, 2001, 36(1) :51-55．
[18] Alan V O,Ronald W S.离散时间信号处理[M].黄建国,刘树棠.北京:科学出版社,1998:576-588． Alan. V. O, Ronald W S. Discrete-Time Signal Processing [M]. Huang J G, Liu S C. Beijing: Science Press, 1998:576-588．
[19] 刘洋.强工频干扰波的提取与消除方法[J].石油物探,2003,42(2) :154-159． Liu Y. Extraction and removal of strong power interference [J]. GPP, 2003, 42(2) : 154-159．
[20] Sauicer A, Marchant M, Chouteau M, A fast and accurate frequency estimation method for canceling harmonic noise in geophysical records[J]. Geophysics, 2006, 71(1) :7-18．
[21] Nyman D C, Gaiser J E. Adaptive rejection of high-line contamination [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 53~(rd) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1983, 321-323．
[22] Karl E B, Russell D R. Subtraction of powerline harmonics from geophysical records[J]. Geophysics, 1993, 58(6) : 898-903．
[23] 高少武,贺振华,赵波,周兴元,侯爱源.时间域单频干扰波消除方法的改进[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3) :270-273． Gao S W, He Z H, Zhao B, Zhou X Y, and Hou A Y. Improvement of method eliminating single-frequency interference wave in time domain [J]. OGP, 2008, 43(3) :270-273．
[24] 高少武,贺振华,赵波,周兴元,侯爱源.自适应单频干扰波识别与消除方法研究[J].石油物探,2008 47(4) :352-356． Gao S W, He Z H, Zhao B, Zhou X Y, and Hou A Y. Identification and elimination of adaptive monofrequency interference wave [J]. GPP, 2008, 47 (4) : 352-356．
[25] Haykin S. Adaptive filter theory [M]. Third edition. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 1998: 339-350．
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