南海东北部新构造运动及其动力学机制
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摘要
南海东北部地处欧亚板块与菲律宾海板块的交汇区,新构造运动活跃。根据地震活动性、震源机制解和GPS资料对该区的新构造活动特征进行分析,在此基础上讨论该区新构造运动的动力学机制。分析发现,菲律宾海板块NW向俯冲对该区的影响最为显著,导致了该区较强的地震活动性以及与俯冲方向一致的构造应力场。而印藏碰撞产生的侧向应力传递也影响到该区,控制华南地块向SE方向运动,并与菲律宾海板块的NW向俯冲共同作用,使华南地块在SE向运动的同时伴有逆时针旋转。印藏碰撞的SE向应力传递对俯冲产生的NW向水平挤压的抵消作用,使得地震活动性自东向西减弱以及构造应力场P轴方位角顺时针旋转。在这一背景下,区内滨海断裂带的活动控制了该区的地震、海岸带构造升降等新构造运动。
The northeastern South China Sea area is tectonically active because of its location in the convergent zone of Eurasian plate and Philippine Sea plate.According to seismicity,focal mechanism solution(FMS) and GPS data,we analyzed the characteristics of the neotectonics in this area,and put forward the dynamic mechanism of the neotectonics.On the basis of these data,it's suggested that the NW-trending subduction of Philippine Sea plate had stronger impact on the research area relative to the India-Tibet collision,and led to strong seismicity and NW-trending stress field.However,lateral stress transmission resulting from the collision also affected this area,and caused the South China Block to have moved southeastward.Meanwhile,the South China Block rotated counter-clockwise under the combined action of the two.The SE-trending lateral stress transmission counteracted the NW-trending compression produced by subduction and resulted in the westward-weakening seismicity and the clockwise-rotating axis P of FMS.Under this tectonical setting,the Binhai Fault Zone controls the earthquake and coastal tectonic uplift-subsidence of this area.
The northeastern South China Sea area is tectonically active because of its location in the convergent zone of Eurasian plate and Philippine Sea plate.According to seismicity,focal mechanism solution(FMS) and GPS data,we analyzed the characteristics of the neotectonics in this area,and put forward the dynamic mechanism of the neotectonics.On the basis of these data,it's suggested that the NW-trending subduction of Philippine Sea plate had stronger impact on the research area relative to the India-Tibet collision,and led to strong seismicity and NW-trending stress field.However,lateral stress transmission resulting from the collision also affected this area,and caused the South China Block to have moved southeastward.Meanwhile,the South China Block rotated counter-clockwise under the combined action of the two.The SE-trending lateral stress transmission counteracted the NW-trending compression produced by subduction and resulted in the westward-weakening seismicity and the clockwise-rotating axis P of FMS.Under this tectonical setting,the Binhai Fault Zone controls the earthquake and coastal tectonic uplift-subsidence of this area.
引文
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[14]康英,杨选,吕金水,等.广东及邻区地震的震源机制解[J].中国地震,2005,21(3):320-331.[KANG Ying,YANGXuan,L Jinshui,et al.Characteristics of focal mechanismin the Guangdong and its adjacent areas[J].Earthquake Re-search in China,2005,21(3):320-331.]
[15]康英,杨选,陈杏,等.广东及邻区的应力场反演[J].地震学报,2008,30(1):59-66.[KANG Ying,YANG Xuan,CHENXing,et al.Inversion of stress field in Guangdong and its ad-jacent area[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2008,30(1):59-66.]
[16]刘以宣.华南沿海区域断裂构造分析[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.[LIU Yixuan.Analysis of Regional Fault Structurein the South China Coasts[M].Beijing:Seismology Press,1981.]
[17]李延兴,胡新康,李智,等.台湾地区的地壳运动与变形[J].地震学报,2002,24(5):487-495.[LI Yanxing,HU Xin-kang,LI Zhi,et al.Crustal movement and deformation inTaiwan and its coastal area[J].Acta Seismologica Sinca,2002,24(5):487-495.]
[18]王琪,张培震,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):415-429.[WANGQi,ZHANG Peizhen,MA Zongjin.GPS database and veloci-ty field of contemporary tectonic deformation in continentalChina[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):415-429.]
[19]徐辉龙,丘学林,赵明辉,等.南海东北部南澳大地震(M=7.5)震中区的地壳结构特征与震源构造[J].科学通报,2006,51(SⅡ):83-91.[XU Huilong,QIU Xuelin,ZHAO Ming-hui,et al.Characteristics of the crustal structure and hypo-central tectonics in the epicentral area of Nan’ao earthquake(M7.5),the northeastern South China Sea[J].Chinese Sci-ence Bulletin,2006,51(SⅡ):96-106.]
[20]Zong Y.Mid-Holocene sea-level highstand along the south-east coast of China[J].Quat.Int.,2004,117:55-67.
[21]周硕愚,吴云,施顺英,等.中国大陆东南边缘海现时地壳运动与地震动力学综合研究[J].地壳形变与地震,2001,21(1):1-14.[ZHOU Shuoyu,WU Yun,SHI Shunying,et al.Integrated research on current crustal movement and earth-quake dynamics in marginal sea,southeast of China continent[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,2001,21(1):1-14.]
[22]周硕愚,帅平,张跃刚,等.中国大陆及其东南沿海现时地壳运动[J].自然科学进展,2000,10(3):273-277.[ZHOUShuoyu,SHUAI Ping,ZHANG Yuegang,et al.Present-daycrustal movement in China continent and its southeast coastregion[J].Progress in Natural Science,2000,10(7):536-541.]
[23]张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430-441.[ZHANGPeizhen,WANG Qi,MA Zongjin.GPS velocity field and ac-tive crustal blocks of contemporary tectonic deformation incontinental China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):430-441.]
[24]张静华,李延兴,郭良迁,等.华南块体的现今构造运动与内部形变[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(3):57-62.[ZHANG Jinghua,LI Yanxing,GUO Liangqian,et al.Con-temporary tectonic movement and internal deformation ofSouth China block[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2005,25(3):57-62.]
[2]黄玉昆,夏法,黄导繁,等.南海北部沿岸全新世海面变动与近代地壳运动[J].海洋学报,1982,4(5):713-723.[HUANGYukun,XIA Fa,HUANG Daofan,et al.Holocene sea levelchange and recent crustal movement in the northern coasts ofSouth China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1982,4(5):713-723.]
[3]刘以宣.华南沿海的活动断裂[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1985,5(3):11-21.[LIU Yixuan.The active fractures in southChina coast[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1985,5(3):11-21.]
[4]魏柏林,徐辉龙,谢明富.东南沿海地震区的现代构造应力场[J].华南地震,1996,16(4):11-19.[WEI Bailin,XUHuilong,XIE Mingfu.Recent tectonic stress field in thesoutheast China coastal seismic zone[J].South China Journalof Seismicity,1996,16(4):11-19.]
[5]Lüdmann T,Wong H K.Neotectonic regime on the passivecontinental margin of the northern South China Sea[J].Tec-tonophys,1999,311:113-138.
[6]黄玉昆,刘以宣.华南沿海新构造运动的一些迹象[C]//海洋文集.1966,4:85-105.[HUANG Yukun,LIU Yixuan.Signsof the neotectonics in the south China coasts[C]//Collected O-ceanic Works.1966,4:85-105.]
[7]张虎男,陈伟光,黄坤荣,等.华南沿海新构造运动与地质环境[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.[ZHANG Hu’nan,CHENWeiguang,HUANG Kunrong,et al.Neotectonics and Geo-logical Settings of the South China Coasts[M].Beijing:Seis-mology Press,1990.]
[8]黄玉昆.华南沿海晚新生代地质[J].中山大学学报论丛:自然科学,1992(1):1-103.[HUANG Yukun.Late-Cenozoic geol-ogy in the South China coast[J].Sun Yatsen University Fo-rum,1992(1):1-103.]
[9]刘以宣.南海新构造与地壳稳定性[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.[LIU Yixuan.Neotectonics Crustal Stability in theSouth China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1994.]
[10]陈国能.潮汕平原第四纪断块运动[J].华南地震,1984,4(4):1-18.[CHEN Guoneng.Quaternary fault block activityin the Chaoshan plain[J].South China Journal of Seismicity,1984,4(4):1-18.]
[11]张虎男,陈伟光.华南沿海活动断块的构造地貌特征[J].地震地质,1989,11(3):37-54.[ZHANG Hu’nan,CHENWeiguang.Features of tectonic landform and fault blocks insouth China coastal areas[J].Seismology and Geology,1989,11(3):37-54.]
[12]蒋维强,林纪曾,赵毅,等.华南地区的小震震源机制与构造应力场[J].中国地震,1992,8(1):36-42.[JIANGWeiqiang,LIN Jizeng,ZHAO Yi,et al.Focal mechanism ofsmall earthquakes and characteristics of tectonic stress field insouth China[J].Earthquake Research in China,1992,8(1):36-42.]
[13]詹文欢,钟建强,丘学林.南海及邻区现代构造应力场与形成演化[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.[ZHAN Wenhuan,ZHONG Jianqiang,QIU Xuelin.Modern Tectonical StressField and Its Formation and Evolution in the South China Seaand Its Adjacent Areas[M].Beijing:Science Press,1993.]
[14]康英,杨选,吕金水,等.广东及邻区地震的震源机制解[J].中国地震,2005,21(3):320-331.[KANG Ying,YANGXuan,L Jinshui,et al.Characteristics of focal mechanismin the Guangdong and its adjacent areas[J].Earthquake Re-search in China,2005,21(3):320-331.]
[15]康英,杨选,陈杏,等.广东及邻区的应力场反演[J].地震学报,2008,30(1):59-66.[KANG Ying,YANG Xuan,CHENXing,et al.Inversion of stress field in Guangdong and its ad-jacent area[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2008,30(1):59-66.]
[16]刘以宣.华南沿海区域断裂构造分析[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.[LIU Yixuan.Analysis of Regional Fault Structurein the South China Coasts[M].Beijing:Seismology Press,1981.]
[17]李延兴,胡新康,李智,等.台湾地区的地壳运动与变形[J].地震学报,2002,24(5):487-495.[LI Yanxing,HU Xin-kang,LI Zhi,et al.Crustal movement and deformation inTaiwan and its coastal area[J].Acta Seismologica Sinca,2002,24(5):487-495.]
[18]王琪,张培震,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):415-429.[WANGQi,ZHANG Peizhen,MA Zongjin.GPS database and veloci-ty field of contemporary tectonic deformation in continentalChina[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):415-429.]
[19]徐辉龙,丘学林,赵明辉,等.南海东北部南澳大地震(M=7.5)震中区的地壳结构特征与震源构造[J].科学通报,2006,51(SⅡ):83-91.[XU Huilong,QIU Xuelin,ZHAO Ming-hui,et al.Characteristics of the crustal structure and hypo-central tectonics in the epicentral area of Nan’ao earthquake(M7.5),the northeastern South China Sea[J].Chinese Sci-ence Bulletin,2006,51(SⅡ):96-106.]
[20]Zong Y.Mid-Holocene sea-level highstand along the south-east coast of China[J].Quat.Int.,2004,117:55-67.
[21]周硕愚,吴云,施顺英,等.中国大陆东南边缘海现时地壳运动与地震动力学综合研究[J].地壳形变与地震,2001,21(1):1-14.[ZHOU Shuoyu,WU Yun,SHI Shunying,et al.Integrated research on current crustal movement and earth-quake dynamics in marginal sea,southeast of China continent[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,2001,21(1):1-14.]
[22]周硕愚,帅平,张跃刚,等.中国大陆及其东南沿海现时地壳运动[J].自然科学进展,2000,10(3):273-277.[ZHOUShuoyu,SHUAI Ping,ZHANG Yuegang,et al.Present-daycrustal movement in China continent and its southeast coastregion[J].Progress in Natural Science,2000,10(7):536-541.]
[23]张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430-441.[ZHANGPeizhen,WANG Qi,MA Zongjin.GPS velocity field and ac-tive crustal blocks of contemporary tectonic deformation incontinental China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):430-441.]
[24]张静华,李延兴,郭良迁,等.华南块体的现今构造运动与内部形变[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(3):57-62.[ZHANG Jinghua,LI Yanxing,GUO Liangqian,et al.Con-temporary tectonic movement and internal deformation ofSouth China block[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2005,25(3):57-62.]
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